Cold outbreak in Germany and 31 other countries, 22 March to 10 April 2023

Name: Cold outbreak in Germany and 31 other countries, 22 March to 10 April 2023
Start: 2023-03-22
End: 2023-04-10
Location: Germany, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Romania, Italy, Czech Republic, Netherlands, Slovenia, Algeria, France, Ukraine, Austria, Croatia, Spain, Serbia, Belarus, Denmark, Hungary, Moldova, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Estonia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Latvia, Libya, Poland, Tunisia

Cold outbreak in Germany and 31 other countries, 22 March to 10 April 2023: 754 records at 431 stations, peak on 5 April 2023. Closed.

Data as of 2026-10-17. Last revised 17 October 2026 (2026-10-17).

Key Facts

Cold outbreak in Germany and 31 other countries, 22 March to 10 April 2023 set or tied 754 station records at 431 stations.
It ran from 22 March 2023 to 10 April 2023 (20 days) and its peak day was 5 April 2023.
Status: closed.
Belgrade (Observatory) set a monthly record low maximum temperature of 1.0 C (33.8 F) on 4 April 2023.
The busiest day was 5 April 2023 with 181 records.
The oldest broken record in the ranked list had stood for 121 years.

Footprint

22 March to 10 April 2023

The area covered by Cold outbreak in Germany and 31 other countries, 22 March to 10 April 2023 is outlined, with 16 of the stations that set records marked, coloured by record type. Made with Natural Earth.

Footprint of Cold outbreak in Germany and 31 other countries, 22 March to 10 April 2023: stations that set records in the event
Station	Type	Value	Date
Belgrade (Observatory)	Record low maximum temperature	1.0 C (33.8 F)	2023-04-04
Bjelasnica	Record low maximum temperature	-9.4 C (15.1 F)	2023-04-05
Baia Mare	Record low maximum temperature	2.1 C (35.8 F)	2023-04-06
Arad	Record low maximum temperature	3.2 C (37.8 F)	2023-04-04
Cluj Napoca	Record low maximum temperature	2.2 C (36.0 F)	2023-04-04
Oestersund-Froesoen	Record low minimum temperature	-19.1 C (-2.4 F)	2023-03-30
Ljubljana Bezigrad	Record low minimum temperature	-2.1 C (28.2 F)	2023-04-06
Uppsala_Flygplats	Record low minimum temperature	-13.4 C (7.9 F)	2023-04-01
Salzburg	Record low minimum temperature	-5.1 C (22.8 F)	2023-04-06
Zuara	Record low maximum temperature	16.0 C (60.8 F)	2023-04-07
Gottingen	Record low minimum temperature	-5.1 C (22.8 F)	2023-04-04
Trondheim - Voll	Record low minimum temperature	-11.8 C (10.8 F)	2023-03-30
Forse	Record low minimum temperature	-22.1 C (-7.8 F)	2023-03-30
Boden	Record low minimum temperature	-16.9 C (1.6 F)	2023-04-03
Cape Palinuro	Record low maximum temperature	9.2 C (48.6 F)	2023-04-05
Kautokeino	Record low minimum temperature	-35.7 C (-32.3 F)	2023-03-23

Records per Day

Peak day 181

Records set or tied each day from 22 March 2023 to 10 April 2023. The most in one day was 181 on 5 April 2023.

Records per day during Cold outbreak in Germany and 31 other countries, 22 March to 10 April 2023
Date	Records
2023-03-22	1
2023-03-23	20
2023-03-24	16
2023-03-25	4
2023-03-26	36
2023-03-27	42
2023-03-28	39
2023-03-29	43
2023-03-30	60
2023-03-31	26
2023-04-01	8
2023-04-03	20
2023-04-04	151
2023-04-05	181
2023-04-06	85
2023-04-07	12
2023-04-08	7
2023-04-09	2
2023-04-10	1

Top Records by Margin

Margin over the record replaced

Top records of Cold outbreak in Germany and 31 other countries, 22 March to 10 April 2023 ranked by margin
Uppsala_Flygplats, 03-30	4.7 C (8.5 F)
Boden, 04-03	2.5 C (4.5 F)
Belgrade (Observatory), 04-04	2.2 C (4.0 F)
Kautokeino, 03-23	2.2 C (4.0 F)
Cluj Napoca, 04-06	2.0 C (3.6 F)
Bjelasnica, 04-05	1.9 C (3.4 F)
Cluj Napoca, 04-04	1.8 C (3.2 F)
Salzburg, 04-05	1.8 C (3.2 F)
Arad, 04-04	1.7 C (3.1 F)
Forse, 03-30	1.1 C (2.0 F)
Trondheim - Voll, 03-30	0.8 C (1.4 F)
Cape Palinuro, 04-05	0.8 C (1.4 F)
Zuara, 04-07	0.5 C (0.9 F)
Baia Mare, 04-06	0.4 C (0.7 F)
Uppsala_Flygplats, 04-01	0.4 C (0.7 F)

Margin is how far the new value is beyond the record it replaced. Ties are not shown.

Margin Against Age of the Broken Record

500 records plotted by how far they beat the old record (across) and how many years the old record had stood (up). Long standing records beaten by a wide margin sit in the top right.

Margin against age of the broken record in Cold outbreak in Germany and 31 other countries, 22 March to 10 April 2023
Margin (C)	Years the old record stood
2.2	81
1.9	113
0.4	82
1.7	113
1.8	100
2.0	93
0.3	113
0.1	121
0.4	67
0.2	93
0.5	93
0.2	93
1.8	70
0.8	81
4.7	64
1.1	82
2.5	76
0.8	53
0.2	82
2.2	76
6.6	40
1.7	70
4.5	57
3.0	64
3.3	52
2.2	60
1.4	66
0.4	70
3.4	60
2.2	62
1.0	70
1.1	70
3.1	52
0.5	70
3.7	60
4.2	64
5.7	52
2.6	56
0.6	70
2.2	53
2.7	56
1.2	60
0.8	62
1.3	62
1.2	62
0.1	70
1.2	62
1.3	62
0.4	70
1.5	56
2.3	60
0.4	60
2.5	52
0.6	68
0.1	45
3.1	60
0.6	64
3.2	57
3.3	60
0.1	66
0.8	60
3.0	49
0.4	61
1.3	61
1.8	60
4.4	42
2.8	53
1.7	52
0.1	66
2.5	46
0.9	60
2.9	44
0.6	62
0.9	62
0.4	34
0.9	52
1.5	49
1.1	52
1.1	53
0.2	62
1.1	52
2.3	49
1.9	52
0.8	56
1.0	60
0.3	66
1.1	60
2.2	49
0.6	56
1.0	60
1.1	60
1.1	57
0.7	60
4.1	45
0.6	60
0.5	60
0.5	61
1.0	60
2.2	52
2.8	56
3.4	56
0.7	53
1.0	53
0.8	53
0.7	53
1.0	53
1.0	52
0.8	53
0.7	53
0.8	56
5.0	22
1.4	48
1.5	56
0.5	60
1.2	57
0.5	60
3.2	45
1.6	60
1.4	60
2.2	48
0.8	53
0.3	60
2.4	52
0.2	60
4.9	45
0.2	62
0.5	62
1.3	57
3.0	52
0.9	52
0.2	53
0.2	54
0.3	52
0.8	52
0.4	53
2.3	38
2.4	38
1.3	52
1.1	52
0.5	60
3.3	42
1.3	56
3.0	42
0.6	56
1.0	52
1.1	20
1.2	49
0.4	58
0.5	49
2.6	33
2.0	52
0.1	57
0.8	56
0.7	56
0.2	52
0.4	52
0.9	52
0.4	49
1.1	44
0.3	53
0.5	52
0.9	52
0.6	52
0.7	52
0.3	53
2.3	56
0.1	56
1.2	52
1.4	42
0.1	56
0.3	57
0.8	56
1.4	44
1.4	49
0.2	49
3.1	42
2.4	45
2.5	9
0.4	52
0.2	52
0.4	49
1.0	49
0.1	52
0.1	56
2.6	30
1.4	44
1.2	44
0.2	52
1.8	42
1.8	42
4.2	28
1.2	49
2.3	45
0.9	46
3.2	45
7.8	22
4.2	41
1.9	33
1.2	49
0.2	44

Compared With Other Events

Station records per event

Station records in Cold outbreak in Germany and 31 other countries, 22 March to 10 April 2023 compared with similar events
Cold outbreak in United States and Mexico, 6 February to 5 March 2021	12,118 records
Cold outbreak in United States and Mexico, 13 October to 5 November 2020	9,841 records
Cold outbreak in United States and Mexico, 23 December 2017 to 8 January 2018	8,263 records
Cold outbreak in United States and Mexico, 3 to 23 January 2024	7,675 records
Cold outbreak in United States, 15 January to 10 February 2026	5,568 records
Cold outbreak in Germany and 31 other countries, 22 March to 10 April 2023 (this event)	754 records

Every Record Set

20 of 754

Every record set or tied during Cold outbreak in Germany and 31 other countries, 22 March to 10 April 2023, in date order
Date	Station	Record	Value	Margin	Years stood	Significance
2023-03-23	Kautokeino	Record low minimum temperature	-35.7 C (-32.3 F)	2.2 C (4.0 F)	76	33 of 100 (Routine)
2023-03-24	Kautokeino	Record low minimum temperature	-34.4 C (-29.9 F)	0.2 C (0.4 F)	82	33 of 100 (Routine)
2023-03-30	Oestersund-Froesoen	Record low minimum temperature	-19.1 C (-2.4 F)	0.1 C (0.2 F)	121	40 of 100 (Notable)
2023-03-30	Trondheim - Voll	Record low minimum temperature	-11.8 C (10.8 F)	0.8 C (1.4 F)	81	35 of 100 (Notable)
2023-03-30	Uppsala_Flygplats	Record low minimum temperature	-18.5 C (-1.3 F)	4.7 C (8.5 F)	64	35 of 100 (Notable)
2023-03-30	Forse	Record low minimum temperature	-22.1 C (-7.8 F)	1.1 C (2.0 F)	82	35 of 100 (Notable)
2023-04-01	Uppsala_Flygplats	Record low minimum temperature	-13.4 C (7.9 F)	0.4 C (0.7 F)	67	39 of 100 (Notable)
2023-04-03	Boden	Record low minimum temperature	-16.9 C (1.6 F)	2.5 C (4.5 F)	76	35 of 100 (Notable)
2023-04-04	Belgrade (Observatory)	Record low maximum temperature	1.0 C (33.8 F)	2.2 C (4.0 F)	81	46 of 100 (Notable)
2023-04-04	Arad	Record low maximum temperature	3.2 C (37.8 F)	1.7 C (3.1 F)	113	43 of 100 (Notable)
2023-04-04	Cluj Napoca	Record low maximum temperature	2.2 C (36.0 F)	1.8 C (3.2 F)	100	43 of 100 (Notable)
2023-04-04	Gottingen	Record low minimum temperature	-5.1 C (22.8 F)	0.2 C (0.4 F)	93	37 of 100 (Notable)
2023-04-05	Bjelasnica	Record low maximum temperature	-9.4 C (15.1 F)	1.9 C (3.4 F)	113	44 of 100 (Notable)
2023-04-05	Salzburg	Record low minimum temperature	-6.3 C (20.7 F)	1.8 C (3.2 F)	70	36 of 100 (Notable)
2023-04-05	Cape Palinuro	Record low maximum temperature	9.2 C (48.6 F)	0.8 C (1.4 F)	53	34 of 100 (Routine)
2023-04-06	Baia Mare	Record low maximum temperature	2.1 C (35.8 F)	0.4 C (0.7 F)	82	44 of 100 (Notable)
2023-04-06	Cluj Napoca	Record low maximum temperature	1.9 C (35.4 F)	2.0 C (3.6 F)	93	41 of 100 (Notable)
2023-04-06	Ljubljana Bezigrad	Record low minimum temperature	-2.1 C (28.2 F)	0.3 C (0.5 F)	113	40 of 100 (Notable)
2023-04-06	Salzburg	Record low minimum temperature	-5.1 C (22.8 F)	0.2 C (0.4 F)	93	38 of 100 (Notable)
2023-04-07	Zuara	Record low maximum temperature	16.0 C (60.8 F)	0.5 C (0.9 F)	93	38 of 100 (Notable)

The daily ledgers keep a limited number of records per day, so this list has 20 of the 754 records the event counts. The counts above use the full total.

Related Headlines

Third party news, headline and link only

Download the Data

Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-17. Events are found by this site from station records and are not official designations. Records are provisional until reprocessed.

Margin (C)	Years the old record stood
2.2	81
1.9	113
0.4	82
1.7	113
1.8	100
2.0	93
0.3	113
0.1	121
0.4	67
0.2	93
0.5	93
0.2	93
1.8	70
0.8	81
4.7	64
1.1	82
2.5	76
0.8	53
0.2	82
2.2	76
6.6	40
1.7	70
4.5	57
3.0	64
3.3	52
2.2	60
1.4	66
0.4	70
3.4	60
2.2	62
1.0	70
1.1	70
3.1	52
0.5	70
3.7	60
4.2	64
5.7	52
2.6	56
0.6	70
2.2	53
2.7	56
1.2	60
0.8	62
1.3	62
1.2	62
0.1	70
1.2	62
1.3	62
0.4	70
1.5	56
2.3	60
0.4	60
2.5	52
0.6	68
0.1	45
3.1	60
0.6	64
3.2	57
3.3	60
0.1	66
0.8	60
3.0	49
0.4	61
1.3	61
1.8	60
4.4	42
2.8	53
1.7	52
0.1	66
2.5	46
0.9	60
2.9	44
0.6	62
0.9	62
0.4	34
0.9	52
1.5	49
1.1	52
1.1	53
0.2	62
1.1	52
2.3	49
1.9	52
0.8	56
1.0	60
0.3	66
1.1	60
2.2	49
0.6	56
1.0	60
1.1	60
1.1	57
0.7	60
4.1	45
0.6	60
0.5	60
0.5	61
1.0	60
2.2	52
2.8	56
3.4	56
0.7	53
1.0	53
0.8	53
0.7	53
1.0	53
1.0	52
0.8	53
0.7	53
0.8	56
5.0	22
1.4	48
1.5	56
0.5	60
1.2	57
0.5	60
3.2	45
1.6	60
1.4	60
2.2	48
0.8	53
0.3	60
2.4	52
0.2	60
4.9	45
0.2	62
0.5	62
1.3	57
3.0	52
0.9	52
0.2	53
0.2	54
0.3	52
0.8	52
0.4	53
2.3	38
2.4	38
1.3	52
1.1	52
0.5	60
3.3	42
1.3	56
3.0	42
0.6	56
1.0	52
1.1	20
1.2	49
0.4	58
0.5	49
2.6	33
2.0	52
0.1	57
0.8	56
0.7	56
0.2	52
0.4	52
0.9	52
0.4	49
1.1	44
0.3	53
0.5	52
0.9	52
0.6	52
0.7	52
0.3	53
2.3	56
0.1	56
1.2	52
1.4	42
0.1	56
0.3	57
0.8	56
1.4	44
1.4	49
0.2	49
3.1	42
2.4	45
2.5	9
0.4	52
0.2	52
0.4	49
1.0	49
0.1	52
0.1	56
2.6	30
1.4	44
1.2	44
0.2	52
1.8	42
1.8	42
4.2	28
1.2	49
2.3	45
0.9	46
3.2	45
7.8	22
4.2	41
1.9	33
1.2	49
0.2	44

Margin (C)	Years the old record stood
2.2	81
1.9	113
0.4	82
1.7	113
1.8	100
2.0	93
0.3	113
0.1	121
0.4	67
0.2	93
0.5	93
0.2	93
1.8	70
0.8	81
4.7	64
1.1	82
2.5	76
0.8	53
0.2	82
2.2	76
6.6	40
1.7	70
4.5	57
3.0	64
3.3	52
2.2	60
1.4	66
0.4	70
3.4	60
2.2	62
1.0	70
1.1	70
3.1	52
0.5	70
3.7	60
4.2	64
5.7	52
2.6	56
0.6	70
2.2	53
2.7	56
1.2	60
0.8	62
1.3	62
1.2	62
0.1	70
1.2	62
1.3	62
0.4	70
1.5	56
2.3	60
0.4	60
2.5	52
0.6	68
0.1	45
3.1	60
0.6	64
3.2	57
3.3	60
0.1	66
0.8	60
3.0	49
0.4	61
1.3	61
1.8	60
4.4	42
2.8	53
1.7	52
0.1	66
2.5	46
0.9	60
2.9	44
0.6	62
0.9	62
0.4	34
0.9	52
1.5	49
1.1	52
1.1	53
0.2	62
1.1	52
2.3	49
1.9	52
0.8	56
1.0	60
0.3	66
1.1	60
2.2	49
0.6	56
1.0	60
1.1	60
1.1	57
0.7	60
4.1	45
0.6	60
0.5	60
0.5	61
1.0	60
2.2	52
2.8	56
3.4	56
0.7	53
1.0	53
0.8	53
0.7	53
1.0	53
1.0	52
0.8	53
0.7	53
0.8	56
5.0	22
1.4	48
1.5	56
0.5	60
1.2	57
0.5	60
3.2	45
1.6	60
1.4	60
2.2	48
0.8	53
0.3	60
2.4	52
0.2	60
4.9	45
0.2	62
0.5	62
1.3	57
3.0	52
0.9	52
0.2	53
0.2	54
0.3	52
0.8	52
0.4	53
2.3	38
2.4	38
1.3	52
1.1	52
0.5	60
3.3	42
1.3	56
3.0	42
0.6	56
1.0	52
1.1	20
1.2	49
0.4	58
0.5	49
2.6	33
2.0	52
0.1	57
0.8	56
0.7	56
0.2	52
0.4	52
0.9	52
0.4	49
1.1	44
0.3	53
0.5	52
0.9	52
0.6	52
0.7	52
0.3	53
2.3	56
0.1	56
1.2	52
1.4	42
0.1	56
0.3	57
0.8	56
1.4	44
1.4	49
0.2	49
3.1	42
2.4	45
2.5	9
0.4	52
0.2	52
0.4	49
1.0	49
0.1	52
0.1	56
2.6	30
1.4	44
1.2	44
0.2	52
1.8	42
1.8	42
4.2	28
1.2	49
2.3	45
0.9	46
3.2	45
7.8	22
4.2	41
1.9	33
1.2	49
0.2	44

Margin (C)	Years the old record stood
2.2	81
1.9	113
0.4	82
1.7	113
1.8	100
2.0	93
0.3	113
0.1	121
0.4	67
0.2	93
0.5	93
0.2	93
1.8	70
0.8	81
4.7	64
1.1	82
2.5	76
0.8	53
0.2	82
2.2	76
6.6	40
1.7	70
4.5	57
3.0	64
3.3	52
2.2	60
1.4	66
0.4	70
3.4	60
2.2	62
1.0	70
1.1	70
3.1	52
0.5	70
3.7	60
4.2	64
5.7	52
2.6	56
0.6	70
2.2	53
2.7	56
1.2	60
0.8	62
1.3	62
1.2	62
0.1	70
1.2	62
1.3	62
0.4	70
1.5	56
2.3	60
0.4	60
2.5	52
0.6	68
0.1	45
3.1	60
0.6	64
3.2	57
3.3	60
0.1	66
0.8	60
3.0	49
0.4	61
1.3	61
1.8	60
4.4	42
2.8	53
1.7	52
0.1	66
2.5	46
0.9	60
2.9	44
0.6	62
0.9	62
0.4	34
0.9	52
1.5	49
1.1	52
1.1	53
0.2	62
1.1	52
2.3	49
1.9	52
0.8	56
1.0	60
0.3	66
1.1	60
2.2	49
0.6	56
1.0	60
1.1	60
1.1	57
0.7	60
4.1	45
0.6	60
0.5	60
0.5	61
1.0	60
2.2	52
2.8	56
3.4	56
0.7	53
1.0	53
0.8	53
0.7	53
1.0	53
1.0	52
0.8	53
0.7	53
0.8	56
5.0	22
1.4	48
1.5	56
0.5	60
1.2	57
0.5	60
3.2	45
1.6	60
1.4	60
2.2	48
0.8	53
0.3	60
2.4	52
0.2	60
4.9	45
0.2	62
0.5	62
1.3	57
3.0	52
0.9	52
0.2	53
0.2	54
0.3	52
0.8	52
0.4	53
2.3	38
2.4	38
1.3	52
1.1	52
0.5	60
3.3	42
1.3	56
3.0	42
0.6	56
1.0	52
1.1	20
1.2	49
0.4	58
0.5	49
2.6	33
2.0	52
0.1	57
0.8	56
0.7	56
0.2	52
0.4	52
0.9	52
0.4	49
1.1	44
0.3	53
0.5	52
0.9	52
0.6	52
0.7	52
0.3	53
2.3	56
0.1	56
1.2	52
1.4	42
0.1	56
0.3	57
0.8	56
1.4	44
1.4	49
0.2	49
3.1	42
2.4	45
2.5	9
0.4	52
0.2	52
0.4	49
1.0	49
0.1	52
0.1	56
2.6	30
1.4	44
1.2	44
0.2	52
1.8	42
1.8	42
4.2	28
1.2	49
2.3	45
0.9	46
3.2	45
7.8	22
4.2	41
1.9	33
1.2	49
0.2	44