Masrik Weather Records (AM000037815)
Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Masrik (AM000037815), Armenia, with 89 years of record.
Key Facts for Masrik
- Masrik (AM000037815) is a weather station in Armenia at 40.20 latitude and 45.75 longitude, 1,940 m (6,365 ft) above sea level.
- The station reports from 1938 to 2026, 89 years of record.
- 1,464 records set at Masrik still stand.
- Records are tracked for prcp: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
- Masrik set a daily record precipitation of 99.1 mm (3.9 in) on 3 December 2024.
About the Station
- Location: Armenia, 40.20 latitude, 45.75 longitude.
- Elevation: 1,940 m (6,365 ft).
- Period of record: 1938 to 2026, 89 years.
- Eligible elements: prcp.
Daily Record Envelope and 2026
60 days at or beyond a record| Month | Highest record high | Lowest record low | 2026 highest maximum | 2026 lowest minimum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 8.5 C (47.3 F) | -27.1 C (-16.8 F) | 5.9 C (42.6 F) | -21.8 C (-7.2 F) |
| Feb | 10.0 C (50.0 F) | -28.5 C (-19.3 F) | 9.5 C (49.1 F) | -13.3 C (8.1 F) |
| Mar | 17.2 C (63.0 F) | -31.5 C (-24.7 F) | 9.3 C (48.7 F) | -18.7 C (-1.7 F) |
| Apr | 23.0 C (73.4 F) | -8.7 C (16.3 F) | 14.6 C (58.3 F) | -8.0 C (17.6 F) |
| May | 26.0 C (78.8 F) | -7.0 C (19.4 F) | 21.0 C (69.8 F) | 0.8 C (33.4 F) |
| Jun | 31.3 C (88.3 F) | -1.0 C (30.2 F) | 25.8 C (78.4 F) | 2.3 C (36.1 F) |
| Jul | 31.7 C (89.1 F) | 4.0 C (39.2 F) | 27.5 C (81.5 F) | 7.8 C (46.0 F) |
| Aug | 32.0 C (89.6 F) | 1.9 C (35.4 F) | 28.8 C (83.8 F) | 8.6 C (47.5 F) |
| Sep | 32.0 C (89.6 F) | -2.0 C (28.4 F) | 25.5 C (77.9 F) | 1.6 C (34.9 F) |
| Oct | 25.0 C (77.0 F) | -7.9 C (17.8 F) | 16.1 C (61.0 F) | 0.8 C (33.4 F) |
| Nov | 16.5 C (61.7 F) | -16.0 C (3.2 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Dec | 12.5 C (54.5 F) | -28.4 C (-19.1 F) | n/a | n/a |
Which Years Hold Standing Records
1,464 standing records| Year set | Standing records |
|---|---|
| 1959 | 5 |
| 1969 | 14 |
| 1970 | 13 |
| 1973 | 17 |
| 1974 | 5 |
| 1975 | 9 |
| 1976 | 3 |
| 1977 | 9 |
| 1978 | 40 |
| 1979 | 45 |
| 1980 | 37 |
| 1981 | 40 |
| 1982 | 25 |
| 1983 | 1 |
| 1984 | 12 |
| 1985 | 39 |
| 1986 | 24 |
| 1987 | 23 |
| 1988 | 12 |
| 1989 | 46 |
| 1990 | 25 |
| 1991 | 19 |
| 2022 | 122 |
| 2023 | 249 |
| 2024 | 214 |
| 2025 | 237 |
| 2026 | 179 |
All-Time Record Progression
2 new records| Date | Kind | Detail |
|---|---|---|
| 1975-07-17 | Record daily precipitation | Record daily precipitation 54.0 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1982-10-06 | Record daily precipitation | Record daily precipitation 141.0 mm (5.6 in) |
Wettest Day of Each Month
Oct: 141.0 mm (5.6 in)| Month | Record daily precipitation (mm) | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 22.7 mm (0.9 in) | 31 January 1956 |
| Feb | 29.1 mm (1.1 in) | 20 February 1985 |
| Mar | 19.5 mm (0.8 in) | 26 March 1955 |
| Apr | 99.3 mm (3.9 in) | 23 April 2024 |
| May | 99.8 mm (3.9 in) | 9 May 2024 |
| Jun | 99.6 mm (3.9 in) | 12 June 2022 |
| Jul | 99.6 mm (3.9 in) | 20 July 2024 |
| Aug | 99.6 mm (3.9 in) | 2 August 2022 |
| Sep | 99.8 mm (3.9 in) | 10 September 2024 |
| Oct | 141.0 mm (5.6 in) | 6 October 1982 |
| Nov | 99.3 mm (3.9 in) | 27 November 2024 |
| Dec | 99.3 mm (3.9 in) | 9 December 2022 |
Period of Record Coverage
1959 to 2026| Year | Days with data | Share of year | Complete |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1959 | 22 | 6% | No |
| 1960 | 1 | 0% | No |
| 1969 | 21 | 6% | No |
| 1970 | 19 | 5% | No |
| 1973 | 30 | 8% | No |
| 1974 | 10 | 3% | No |
| 1975 | 28 | 8% | No |
| 1976 | 21 | 6% | No |
| 1977 | 39 | 11% | No |
| 1978 | 55 | 15% | No |
| 1979 | 71 | 19% | No |
| 1980 | 38 | 10% | No |
| 1981 | 45 | 12% | No |
| 1982 | 19 | 5% | No |
| 1983 | 2 | 1% | No |
| 1984 | 10 | 3% | No |
| 1985 | 36 | 10% | No |
| 1986 | 26 | 7% | No |
| 1987 | 17 | 5% | No |
| 1988 | 11 | 3% | No |
| 1989 | 58 | 16% | No |
| 1990 | 37 | 10% | No |
| 1991 | 45 | 12% | No |
| 2022 | 203 | 56% | No |
| 2023 | 352 | 96% | Yes |
| 2024 | 344 | 94% | Yes |
| 2025 | 337 | 92% | Yes |
| 2026 | 269 | 74% | No |
Latest Records
20| Date | Station | Record | Value | Beat old record by | Old record stood | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 December 2024 | Masrik, AM | daily rain | 99.1 mm (3.9 in) | 85.9 mm (3.4 in) | 39 years | 59 of 100 (Notable) |
| 27 November 2024 | Masrik, AM | monthly rain | 99.3 mm (3.9 in) | 0.2 mm (0.01 in) | 2 years | 18 of 100 (Routine) |
| 12 November 2024 | Masrik, AM | monthly rain (Tie) | 99.1 mm (3.9 in) | tie | 2 years | 4 of 100 (Routine) |
| 26 October 2024 | Masrik, AM | daily rain | 99.1 mm (3.9 in) | 81.4 mm (3.2 in) | 48 years | 62 of 100 (Major) |
| 21 October 2024 | Masrik, AM | daily rain | 99.1 mm (3.9 in) | 84.1 mm (3.3 in) | 71 years | 69 of 100 (Major) |
| 11 September 2024 | Masrik, AM | daily rain | 99.6 mm (3.9 in) | 86.4 mm (3.4 in) | 68 years | 68 of 100 (Major) |
| 10 September 2024 | Masrik, AM | monthly rain | 99.8 mm (3.9 in) | 0.5 mm (0.02 in) | 0 years | 18 of 100 (Routine) |
| 4 August 2024 | Masrik, AM | daily rain | 99.1 mm (3.9 in) | 79.3 mm (3.1 in) | 83 years | 72 of 100 (Major) |
| 1 August 2024 | Masrik, AM | daily rain (Tie) | 99.1 mm (3.9 in) | tie | 2 years | 2 of 100 (Routine) |
| 20 July 2024 | Masrik, AM | monthly rain | 99.6 mm (3.9 in) | 0.3 mm (0.01 in) | 2 years | 18 of 100 (Routine) |
| 18 July 2024 | Masrik, AM | monthly rain (Tie) | 99.3 mm (3.9 in) | tie | 2 years | 4 of 100 (Routine) |
| 10 July 2024 | Masrik, AM | daily rain | 99.1 mm (3.9 in) | 70.3 mm (2.8 in) | 66 years | 67 of 100 (Major) |
| 8 July 2024 | Masrik, AM | monthly rain (Tie) | 99.3 mm (3.9 in) | tie | 2 years | 4 of 100 (Routine) |
| 19 June 2024 | Masrik, AM | daily rain | 99.1 mm (3.9 in) | 50.9 mm (2.0 in) | 81 years | 67 of 100 (Major) |
| 14 June 2024 | Masrik, AM | daily rain | 99.3 mm (3.9 in) | 81.6 mm (3.2 in) | 55 years | 64 of 100 (Major) |
| 18 May 2024 | Masrik, AM | daily rain | 99.6 mm (3.9 in) | 86.9 mm (3.4 in) | 53 years | 63 of 100 (Major) |
| 11 May 2024 | Masrik, AM | daily rain | 99.1 mm (3.9 in) | 86.9 mm (3.4 in) | 34 years | 58 of 100 (Notable) |
| 9 May 2024 | Masrik, AM | monthly rain | 99.8 mm (3.9 in) | 0.5 mm (0.02 in) | 0 years | 18 of 100 (Routine) |
| 23 April 2024 | Masrik, AM | monthly rain | 99.3 mm (3.9 in) | 0.2 mm (0.01 in) | 0 years | 18 of 100 (Routine) |
| 13 December 2023 | Masrik, AM | monthly rain (Tie) | 99.3 mm (3.9 in) | tie | 1 year | 4 of 100 (Routine) |
Extremes by Year
1938 to 2026| Measure | Record | Year of the record | Median year | Years with a value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hottest day (TXx) | 32.0 C (89.6 F) | 2023 | 27.7 C (81.8 F) | 28 |
| Coldest night (TNn) | -31.5 C (-24.7 F) | 1985 | -21.5 C (-6.6 F) | 24 |
| Wettest day (Rx1day) | 141.0 mm (5.6 in) | 1982 | 27.8 mm (1.1 in) | 56 |
| Wettest five days (Rx5day) | 298.0 mm (11.7 in) | 2023 | 46.7 mm (1.8 in) | 51 |
| Longest dry spell (CDD) | 59 days | 1939 | 23 days | 56 |
Hottest day (TXx)
| Year | Hottest day (TXx) |
|---|---|
| 1938 | n/a |
| 1939 | n/a |
| 1940 | n/a |
| 1941 | n/a |
| 1942 | n/a |
| 1943 | n/a |
| 1944 | n/a |
| 1945 | n/a |
| 1946 | n/a |
| 1947 | n/a |
| 1948 | n/a |
| 1949 | n/a |
| 1950 | n/a |
| 1951 | n/a |
| 1952 | n/a |
| 1953 | n/a |
| 1954 | n/a |
| 1955 | n/a |
| 1956 | n/a |
| 1957 | n/a |
| 1958 | n/a |
| 1959 | 6.1 C (43.0 F) |
| 1960 | 7.2 C (45.0 F) |
| 1961 | n/a |
| 1962 | n/a |
| 1963 | n/a |
| 1964 | n/a |
| 1965 | n/a |
| 1966 | n/a |
| 1967 | n/a |
| 1968 | n/a |
| 1969 | 22.2 C (72.0 F) |
| 1970 | 18.9 C (66.0 F) |
| 1971 | n/a |
| 1972 | n/a |
| 1973 | 29.0 C (84.2 F) |
| 1974 | 24.0 C (75.2 F) |
| 1975 | 26.0 C (78.8 F) |
| 1976 | 27.0 C (80.6 F) |
| 1977 | 28.0 C (82.4 F) |
| 1978 | 30.0 C (86.0 F) |
| 1979 | 29.0 C (84.2 F) |
| 1980 | 29.0 C (84.2 F) |
| 1981 | 29.0 C (84.2 F) |
| 1982 | 26.5 C (79.7 F) |
| 1983 | 6.5 C (43.7 F) |
| 1984 | 18.6 C (65.5 F) |
| 1985 | 31.3 C (88.3 F) |
| 1986 | 13.9 C (57.0 F) |
| 1987 | 25.0 C (77.0 F) |
| 1988 | 29.2 C (84.6 F) |
| 1989 | 29.6 C (85.3 F) |
| 1990 | 24.0 C (75.2 F) |
| 1991 | 27.3 C (81.1 F) |
| 1992 | n/a |
| 2022 | 31.7 C (89.1 F) |
| 2023 | 32.0 C (89.6 F) |
| 2024 | 32.0 C (89.6 F) |
| 2025 | 29.7 C (85.5 F) |
| 2026 | 28.8 C (83.8 F) |
Coldest night (TNn)
| Year | Coldest night (TNn) |
|---|---|
| 1938 | n/a |
| 1939 | n/a |
| 1940 | n/a |
| 1941 | n/a |
| 1942 | n/a |
| 1943 | n/a |
| 1944 | n/a |
| 1945 | n/a |
| 1946 | n/a |
| 1947 | n/a |
| 1948 | n/a |
| 1949 | n/a |
| 1950 | n/a |
| 1951 | n/a |
| 1952 | n/a |
| 1953 | n/a |
| 1954 | n/a |
| 1955 | n/a |
| 1956 | n/a |
| 1957 | n/a |
| 1958 | n/a |
| 1959 | -21.1 C (-6.0 F) |
| 1960 | n/a |
| 1961 | n/a |
| 1962 | n/a |
| 1963 | n/a |
| 1964 | n/a |
| 1965 | n/a |
| 1966 | n/a |
| 1967 | n/a |
| 1968 | n/a |
| 1969 | -18.9 C (-2.0 F) |
| 1970 | -25.0 C (-13.0 F) |
| 1971 | n/a |
| 1972 | n/a |
| 1973 | -17.0 C (1.4 F) |
| 1974 | -18.0 C (-0.4 F) |
| 1975 | n/a |
| 1976 | n/a |
| 1977 | n/a |
| 1978 | -18.0 C (-0.4 F) |
| 1979 | -20.0 C (-4.0 F) |
| 1980 | -22.0 C (-7.6 F) |
| 1981 | -20.0 C (-4.0 F) |
| 1982 | -24.1 C (-11.4 F) |
| 1983 | -5.0 C (23.0 F) |
| 1984 | -11.9 C (10.6 F) |
| 1985 | -31.5 C (-24.7 F) |
| 1986 | -27.1 C (-16.8 F) |
| 1987 | -28.4 C (-19.1 F) |
| 1988 | -24.0 C (-11.2 F) |
| 1989 | -23.0 C (-9.4 F) |
| 1990 | -18.1 C (-0.6 F) |
| 1991 | -28.5 C (-19.3 F) |
| 1992 | n/a |
| 2022 | -14.6 C (5.7 F) |
| 2023 | -27.0 C (-16.6 F) |
| 2024 | -19.6 C (-3.3 F) |
| 2025 | -22.8 C (-9.0 F) |
| 2026 | -21.8 C (-7.2 F) |
Wettest day (Rx1day)
| Year | Wettest day (Rx1day) |
|---|---|
| 1938 | 22.5 mm (0.9 in) |
| 1939 | 33.0 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1940 | 24.2 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1941 | 19.8 mm (0.8 in) |
| 1942 | 22.3 mm (0.9 in) |
| 1943 | 48.2 mm (1.9 in) |
| 1944 | 21.5 mm (0.8 in) |
| 1945 | 27.9 mm (1.1 in) |
| 1946 | 17.7 mm (0.7 in) |
| 1947 | 22.9 mm (0.9 in) |
| 1948 | 21.3 mm (0.8 in) |
| 1949 | 31.7 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1950 | 22.3 mm (0.9 in) |
| 1951 | 39.7 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1952 | 43.8 mm (1.7 in) |
| 1953 | 19.4 mm (0.8 in) |
| 1954 | 19.5 mm (0.8 in) |
| 1955 | 26.3 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1956 | 22.7 mm (0.9 in) |
| 1957 | 41.3 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1958 | 37.7 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1959 | 33.9 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1960 | 26.9 mm (1.1 in) |
| 1961 | 27.6 mm (1.1 in) |
| 1962 | 26.5 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1963 | 32.8 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1964 | 24.6 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1965 | 31.6 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1966 | 40.1 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1967 | 47.0 mm (1.9 in) |
| 1968 | 21.1 mm (0.8 in) |
| 1969 | 36.0 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1970 | 19.9 mm (0.8 in) |
| 1971 | 23.6 mm (0.9 in) |
| 1972 | 40.9 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1973 | 17.9 mm (0.7 in) |
| 1974 | 40.7 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1975 | 54.0 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1976 | 30.1 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1977 | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) |
| 1978 | 0.5 mm (0.02 in) |
| 1979 | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) |
| 1980 | n/a |
| 1981 | n/a |
| 1982 | 141.0 mm (5.6 in) |
| 1983 | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) |
| 1984 | 33.0 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1985 | 29.1 mm (1.1 in) |
| 1986 | 16.5 mm (0.6 in) |
| 1987 | 27.2 mm (1.1 in) |
| 1988 | 41.7 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1989 | 35.2 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1990 | 34.8 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1991 | 29.6 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1992 | 13.3 mm (0.5 in) |
| 2022 | 99.8 mm (3.9 in) |
| 2023 | 99.6 mm (3.9 in) |
| 2024 | 99.8 mm (3.9 in) |
| 2025 | n/a |
| 2026 | n/a |
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
| Year | Wettest five days (Rx5day) |
|---|---|
| 1938 | 24.8 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1939 | 61.0 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1940 | 48.0 mm (1.9 in) |
| 1941 | 34.5 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1942 | 53.9 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1943 | 49.5 mm (1.9 in) |
| 1944 | 32.8 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1945 | 46.3 mm (1.8 in) |
| 1946 | 33.4 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1947 | 38.6 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1948 | 31.2 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1949 | 39.3 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1950 | 39.2 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1951 | 73.2 mm (2.9 in) |
| 1952 | 53.2 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1953 | 50.7 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1954 | 27.3 mm (1.1 in) |
| 1955 | 52.8 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1956 | 35.4 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1957 | 49.6 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1958 | 83.7 mm (3.3 in) |
| 1959 | 54.5 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1960 | 48.7 mm (1.9 in) |
| 1961 | 31.7 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1962 | 37.4 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1963 | 51.2 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1964 | 42.8 mm (1.7 in) |
| 1965 | 55.2 mm (2.2 in) |
| 1966 | 73.6 mm (2.9 in) |
| 1967 | 74.5 mm (2.9 in) |
| 1968 | 40.7 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1969 | 36.4 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1970 | 47.3 mm (1.9 in) |
| 1971 | 35.8 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1972 | 83.0 mm (3.3 in) |
| 1973 | 43.8 mm (1.7 in) |
| 1974 | 54.0 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1975 | 54.0 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1976 | 46.7 mm (1.8 in) |
| 1977 | n/a |
| 1978 | n/a |
| 1979 | n/a |
| 1980 | n/a |
| 1981 | n/a |
| 1982 | n/a |
| 1983 | n/a |
| 1984 | 42.2 mm (1.7 in) |
| 1985 | 51.9 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1986 | 38.1 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1987 | 40.3 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1988 | 43.4 mm (1.7 in) |
| 1989 | 72.2 mm (2.8 in) |
| 1990 | 45.5 mm (1.8 in) |
| 1991 | 38.4 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1992 | 16.4 mm (0.6 in) |
| 2022 | 217.0 mm (8.5 in) |
| 2023 | 298.0 mm (11.7 in) |
| 2024 | 201.4 mm (7.9 in) |
| 2025 | n/a |
| 2026 | n/a |
Longest dry spell (CDD)
| Year | Longest dry spell (CDD) |
|---|---|
| 1938 | 21 days |
| 1939 | 59 days |
| 1940 | 33 days |
| 1941 | 25 days |
| 1942 | 26 days |
| 1943 | 30 days |
| 1944 | 33 days |
| 1945 | 33 days |
| 1946 | 20 days |
| 1947 | 25 days |
| 1948 | 23 days |
| 1949 | 32 days |
| 1950 | 26 days |
| 1951 | 26 days |
| 1952 | 15 days |
| 1953 | 16 days |
| 1954 | 30 days |
| 1955 | 27 days |
| 1956 | 22 days |
| 1957 | 20 days |
| 1958 | 24 days |
| 1959 | 20 days |
| 1960 | 23 days |
| 1961 | 21 days |
| 1962 | 18 days |
| 1963 | 21 days |
| 1964 | 23 days |
| 1965 | 21 days |
| 1966 | 23 days |
| 1967 | 18 days |
| 1968 | 32 days |
| 1969 | 38 days |
| 1970 | 31 days |
| 1971 | 22 days |
| 1972 | 21 days |
| 1973 | 47 days |
| 1974 | 25 days |
| 1975 | 29 days |
| 1976 | 35 days |
| 1977 | 1 day |
| 1978 | 3 days |
| 1979 | 2 days |
| 1980 | n/a |
| 1981 | n/a |
| 1982 | 4 days |
| 1983 | 1 day |
| 1984 | 23 days |
| 1985 | 20 days |
| 1986 | 19 days |
| 1987 | 21 days |
| 1988 | 12 days |
| 1989 | 57 days |
| 1990 | 40 days |
| 1991 | 31 days |
| 1992 | 8 days |
| 2022 | 34 days |
| 2023 | 21 days |
| 2024 | 28 days |
| 2025 | n/a |
| 2026 | n/a |
Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.
Rainfall Return Levels
45 years, 1939 to 2023A day with at least 28.3 mm (1.1 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 81.4 mm (3.2 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.
| Expected about once in | A day with at least | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2 years | 28.3 mm (1.1 in) | |
| 5 years | 38.7 mm (1.5 in) | |
| 10 years | 47.0 mm (1.9 in) | |
| 25 years | 59.1 mm (2.3 in) | |
| 50 years | 69.6 mm (2.7 in) | Longer than the 45 years of record |
| 100 years | 81.4 mm (3.2 in) | Longer than the 45 years of record |
The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 45 years of values from 1939 to 2023.
A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.
The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 99.6 mm (3.9 in) in 2023; 54.0 mm (2.1 in) in 1975; 48.2 mm (1.9 in) in 1943.
Download the Data
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-12 (12 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.
Data as of . Last revised (2026-10-12).