Built 2026-10-15 (15 October 2026)

Cloncurry Airport Weather Records (ASN00029141)

Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Cloncurry Airport (ASN00029141), Australia, with 49 years of record.

Key Facts for Cloncurry Airport

  • Cloncurry Airport (ASN00029141) is a weather station in Australia at -20.67 latitude and 140.50 longitude, 186 m (610 ft) above sea level.
  • The station reports from 1978 to 2026, 49 years of record.
  • 1,464 records set at Cloncurry Airport still stand.
  • Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
  • Cloncurry Airport set a daily record precipitation of 1.8 mm (0.07 in) on 26 August 2026 (provisional).

Provisional Records

Records set in the last 60 days are provisional until they clear the revision window.

About the Station

  • Location: Australia, -20.67 latitude, 140.50 longitude.
  • Elevation: 186 m (610 ft).
  • Period of record: 1978 to 2026, 49 years.
  • Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp.

Daily Record Envelope and 2026

6 days at or beyond a record
Daily record high and record low at Cloncurry Airport, with 2026 drawn through them The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Cloncurry Airport. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 6 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius. 01020304050 JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Cloncurry Airport. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 6 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
Daily record high and record low at Cloncurry Airport, with 2026 drawn through them
MonthHighest record highLowest record low2026 highest maximum2026 lowest minimum
Jan46.3 C (115.3 F)17.3 C (63.1 F)39.8 C (103.6 F)20.4 C (68.7 F)
Feb44.9 C (112.8 F)15.3 C (59.5 F)38.4 C (101.1 F)22.9 C (73.2 F)
Mar44.2 C (111.6 F)11.8 C (53.2 F)35.9 C (96.6 F)11.8 C (53.2 F)
Apr39.9 C (103.8 F)8.9 C (48.0 F)35.9 C (96.6 F)13.1 C (55.6 F)
May38.7 C (101.7 F)4.8 C (40.6 F)34.5 C (94.1 F)7.7 C (45.9 F)
Jun34.9 C (94.8 F)2.0 C (35.6 F)32.2 C (90.0 F)7.2 C (45.0 F)
Jul34.9 C (94.8 F)1.8 C (35.2 F)31.6 C (88.9 F)4.5 C (40.1 F)
Aug46.3 C (115.3 F)3.3 C (37.9 F)33.6 C (92.5 F)8.4 C (47.1 F)
Sep41.3 C (106.3 F)4.2 C (39.6 F)37.1 C (98.8 F)13.7 C (56.7 F)
Oct43.5 C (110.3 F)9.0 C (48.2 F)35.3 C (95.5 F)21.3 C (70.3 F)
Nov45.1 C (113.2 F)12.3 C (54.1 F)n/an/a
Dec46.9 C (116.4 F)16.7 C (62.1 F)n/an/a

Which Years Hold Standing Records

1,464 standing records
Standing records at Cloncurry Airport by the year they were set 1,464 records at Cloncurry Airport still stand. 2016 holds the most, with 74. 0204060801978: 431979: 331980: 231981: 491997: 161998: 581999: 312000: 672001: 432002: 512003: 552004: 382005: 492006: 392007: 372008: 292009: 442010: 692011: 452012: 532013: 452014: 392015: 542016: 742017: 302018: 562019: 452020: 262021: 442022: 452023: 372024: 292025: 562026: 12197819972001200520092013201720212025
1,464 records at Cloncurry Airport still stand. 2016 holds the most, with 74.
Standing records at Cloncurry Airport by the year they were set
Year setStanding records
197843
197933
198023
198149
199716
199858
199931
200067
200143
200251
200355
200438
200549
200639
200737
200829
200944
201069
201145
201253
201345
201439
201554
201674
201730
201856
201945
202026
202144
202245
202337
202429
202556
202612

Wettest Day of Each Month

Jan: 196.4 mm (7.7 in)
Record daily precipitation for each month at Cloncurry Airport The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Cloncurry Airport. The most was 196.4 mm (7.7 in) on 28 January 2012. 050100150200 Jan: 196.4 mm (7.7 in), 28 January 2012 Jan Feb: 178.2 mm (7.0 in), 2 February 2019 Feb Mar: 115.0 mm (4.5 in), 12 March 2011 Mar Apr: 61.6 mm (2.4 in), 22 April 1998 Apr May: 27.6 mm (1.1 in), 10 May 2022 May Jun: 35.4 mm (1.4 in), 29 June 1998 Jun Jul: 64.4 mm (2.5 in), 3 July 2023 Jul Aug: 19.0 mm (0.7 in), 24 August 2016 Aug Sep: 27.8 mm (1.1 in), 24 September 2010 Sep Oct: 69.8 mm (2.7 in), 22 October 2000 Oct Nov: 61.2 mm (2.4 in), 23 November 2011 Nov Dec: 118.0 mm (4.6 in), 30 December 2025 Dec
The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Cloncurry Airport. The most was 196.4 mm (7.7 in) on 28 January 2012.
Record daily precipitation for each month at Cloncurry Airport
MonthRecord daily precipitation (mm)Date
Jan196.4 mm (7.7 in)28 January 2012
Feb178.2 mm (7.0 in)2 February 2019
Mar115.0 mm (4.5 in)12 March 2011
Apr61.6 mm (2.4 in)22 April 1998
May27.6 mm (1.1 in)10 May 2022
Jun35.4 mm (1.4 in)29 June 1998
Jul64.4 mm (2.5 in)3 July 2023
Aug19.0 mm (0.7 in)24 August 2016
Sep27.8 mm (1.1 in)24 September 2010
Oct69.8 mm (2.7 in)22 October 2000
Nov61.2 mm (2.4 in)23 November 2011
Dec118.0 mm (4.6 in)30 December 2025

Period of Record Coverage

1978 to 2026
Days with data per year at Cloncurry Airport 34 years of record at Cloncurry Airport, 1978 to 2026. 6 years have data for under 90 percent of days and are left out of rankings: 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1997, 2026. 1978: 209 of 365 days1979: 324 of 365 days1980: 272 of 366 days1981: 297 of 365 days1997: 316 of 365 days1998: 364 of 365 days1999: 364 of 365 days2000: 358 of 366 days2001: 359 of 365 days2002: 361 of 365 days2003: 358 of 365 days2004: 336 of 366 days2005: 353 of 365 days2006: 350 of 365 days2007: 347 of 365 days2008: 351 of 366 days2009: 348 of 365 days2010: 356 of 365 days2011: 358 of 365 days2012: 366 of 366 days2013: 365 of 365 days2014: 365 of 365 days2015: 364 of 365 days2016: 365 of 366 days2017: 363 of 365 days2018: 365 of 365 days2019: 358 of 365 days2020: 366 of 366 days2021: 363 of 365 days2022: 364 of 365 days2023: 364 of 365 days2024: 366 of 366 days2025: 364 of 365 days2026: 272 of 365 days1980200020052010201520202025
34 years of record at Cloncurry Airport, 1978 to 2026. 6 years have data for under 90 percent of days and are left out of rankings: 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1997, 2026.
Days with data per year at Cloncurry Airport
YearDays with dataShare of yearComplete
197820957%No
197932489%No
198027274%No
198129781%No
199731687%No
1998364100%Yes
1999364100%Yes
200035898%Yes
200135998%Yes
200236199%Yes
200335898%Yes
200433692%Yes
200535397%Yes
200635096%Yes
200734795%Yes
200835196%Yes
200934895%Yes
201035698%Yes
201135898%Yes
2012366100%Yes
2013365100%Yes
2014365100%Yes
2015364100%Yes
2016365100%Yes
201736399%Yes
2018365100%Yes
201935898%Yes
2020366100%Yes
202136399%Yes
2022364100%Yes
2023364100%Yes
2024366100%Yes
2025364100%Yes
202627275%No

Latest Records

20
Latest records at Cloncurry Airport
DateStationRecordValueBeat old record byOld record stoodSignificance
26 August 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily rain (Provisional)1.8 mm (0.07 in)1.8 mm (0.07 in)48 years19 of 100 (Routine)
25 August 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily high min (Provisional)20.7 C (69.3 F)1.6 C (2.9 F)11 years11 of 100 (Routine)
17 August 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily high min (Provisional)17.7 C (63.9 F)0.2 C (0.4 F)12 years7 of 100 (Routine)
13 August 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily rain1.4 mm (0.06 in)1.4 mm (0.06 in)48 years19 of 100 (Routine)
9 August 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily high max33.6 C (92.5 F)1.5 C (2.7 F)23 years14 of 100 (Routine)
23 July 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily high min19.4 C (66.9 F)2.5 C (4.5 F)9 years12 of 100 (Routine)
3 July 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily high min19.2 C (66.6 F)1.0 C (1.8 F)8 years8 of 100 (Routine)
2 July 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily high max30.9 C (87.6 F)0.5 C (0.9 F)8 years7 of 100 (Routine)
2 July 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily high min17.3 C (63.1 F)0.5 C (0.9 F)8 years7 of 100 (Routine)
20 June 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily rain16.2 mm (0.6 in)16.2 mm (0.6 in)48 years20 of 100 (Routine)
19 June 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily low max15.6 C (60.1 F)1.0 C (1.8 F)4 years8 of 100 (Routine)
18 June 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily high max30.4 C (86.7 F)0.1 C (0.2 F)16 years8 of 100 (Routine)
2 June 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily high max32.2 C (90.0 F)0.7 C (1.3 F)28 years14 of 100 (Routine)
18 May 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily rain9.6 mm (0.38 in)7.1 mm (0.28 in)48 years20 of 100 (Routine)
12 May 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily rain1.6 mm (0.06 in)1.4 mm (0.06 in)20 years11 of 100 (Routine)
18 April 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily rain7.4 mm (0.29 in)7.4 mm (0.29 in)47 years20 of 100 (Routine)
17 April 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily rain3.0 mm (0.12 in)2.8 mm (0.11 in)9 years8 of 100 (Routine)
30 March 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily low min14.7 C (58.5 F)0.7 C (1.3 F)17 years11 of 100 (Routine)
29 March 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUmonthly low min11.8 C (53.2 F)3.0 C (5.4 F)45 years39 of 100 (Notable)
23 February 2026Cloncurry Airport, AUdaily low max30.6 C (87.1 F)1.7 C (3.1 F)8 years10 of 100 (Routine)

Climate Trend

28 complete years, 1998 to 2025
Annual mean temperature at Cloncurry Airport as warming stripes, 1998 to 2025 One stripe for each of 28 complete years at Cloncurry Airport, 1998 to 2025. Blue stripes are years cooler than the station's own mean of 26.2 C (79.2 F); red stripes are warmer. The coolest year was 2011, at 24.5 C (76.1 F), and the warmest was 2013, at 27.7 C (81.8 F). The strongest colour marks a difference of 1.8 C (3.2 F). 1998: 26.6 C, +0.3 C from the station mean1999: 25.6 C, -0.6 C from the station mean2000: 24.8 C, -1.4 C from the station mean2001: 25.8 C, -0.5 C from the station mean2002: 27.0 C, +0.7 C from the station mean2003: 26.6 C, +0.4 C from the station mean2004: 26.3 C, +0.1 C from the station mean2005: 27.1 C, +0.9 C from the station mean2006: 25.7 C, -0.6 C from the station mean2007: 26.0 C, -0.3 C from the station mean2008: 26.7 C, +0.5 C from the station mean2009: 25.4 C, -0.9 C from the station mean2010: 25.5 C, -0.7 C from the station mean2011: 24.5 C, -1.7 C from the station mean2012: 25.0 C, -1.2 C from the station mean2013: 27.7 C, +1.4 C from the station mean2014: 26.9 C, +0.6 C from the station mean2015: 26.9 C, +0.6 C from the station mean2016: 26.8 C, +0.5 C from the station mean2017: 27.1 C, +0.9 C from the station mean2018: 27.0 C, +0.8 C from the station mean2019: 26.3 C, +0.1 C from the station mean2020: 26.7 C, +0.5 C from the station mean2021: 26.7 C, +0.4 C from the station mean2022: 26.1 C, -0.1 C from the station mean2023: 25.7 C, -0.5 C from the station mean2024: 26.3 C, +0.1 C from the station mean2025: 25.9 C, -0.3 C from the station mean1998200020052010201520202025
One stripe for each of 28 complete years at Cloncurry Airport, 1998 to 2025. Blue stripes are years cooler than the station's own mean of 26.2 C (79.2 F); red stripes are warmer. The coolest year was 2011, at 24.5 C (76.1 F), and the warmest was 2013, at 27.7 C (81.8 F). The strongest colour marks a difference of 1.8 C (3.2 F).
Annual mean temperature at Cloncurry Airport as warming stripes, 1998 to 2025
YearAnnual mean temperatureDifference from the station mean
199826.6 C+0.32 C
199925.6 C-0.62 C
200024.8 C-1.39 C
200125.8 C-0.46 C
200227.0 C+0.74 C
200326.6 C+0.35 C
200426.3 C+0.06 C
200527.1 C+0.85 C
200625.7 C-0.56 C
200726.0 C-0.28 C
200826.7 C+0.47 C
200925.4 C-0.88 C
201025.5 C-0.75 C
201124.5 C-1.73 C
201225.0 C-1.22 C
201327.7 C+1.42 C
201426.9 C+0.63 C
201526.9 C+0.63 C
201626.8 C+0.53 C
201727.1 C+0.88 C
201827.0 C+0.81 C
201926.3 C+0.06 C
202026.7 C+0.48 C
202126.7 C+0.44 C
202226.1 C-0.09 C
202325.7 C-0.49 C
202426.3 C+0.09 C
202525.9 C-0.34 C

This station does not have enough complete years (30 are needed) to fit a temperature trend.

A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.

Extremes by Year

1978 to 2026
Yearly extremes at Cloncurry Airport: the record and the median year
MeasureRecordYear of the recordMedian yearYears with a value
Hottest day (TXx)46.9 C (116.4 F)200644.3 C (111.7 F)34
Coldest night (TNn)1.8 C (35.2 F)19794.3 C (39.7 F)34
Wettest day (Rx1day)196.4 mm (7.7 in)201274.2 mm (2.9 in)35
Wettest five days (Rx5day)449.4 mm (17.7 in)2019151.1 mm (5.9 in)35
Longest dry spell (CDD)181 days201369 days35

Hottest day (TXx)

Hottest day (TXx) at Cloncurry Airport by year The hottest day of the year at Cloncurry Airport, 1978 to 2026. The record is 46.9 C (116.4 F) in 2006, marked on the chart; the median year is 44.3 C (111.7 F). 38404244464819801990200020102020Record: 46.9 C (116.4 F) in 2006
The hottest day of the year at Cloncurry Airport, 1978 to 2026. The record is 46.9 C (116.4 F) in 2006, marked on the chart; the median year is 44.3 C (111.7 F).
Hottest day (TXx) at Cloncurry Airport by year
YearHottest day (TXx)
197844.8 C (112.6 F)
197944.5 C (112.1 F)
198042.8 C (109.0 F)
198145.0 C (113.0 F)
1982n/a
199742.6 C (108.7 F)
199844.3 C (111.7 F)
199941.5 C (106.7 F)
200041.6 C (106.9 F)
200145.6 C (114.1 F)
200246.3 C (115.3 F)
200343.3 C (109.9 F)
200444.1 C (111.4 F)
200543.2 C (109.8 F)
200646.9 C (116.4 F)
200743.8 C (110.8 F)
200843.2 C (109.8 F)
200943.2 C (109.8 F)
201046.3 C (115.3 F)
201140.9 C (105.6 F)
201243.8 C (110.8 F)
201345.5 C (113.9 F)
201443.9 C (111.0 F)
201544.5 C (112.1 F)
201644.3 C (111.7 F)
201744.5 C (112.1 F)
201846.1 C (115.0 F)
201945.0 C (113.0 F)
202044.2 C (111.6 F)
202142.6 C (108.7 F)
202244.6 C (112.3 F)
202346.2 C (115.2 F)
202443.5 C (110.3 F)
202545.0 C (113.0 F)
202639.8 C (103.6 F)

Coldest night (TNn)

Coldest night (TNn) at Cloncurry Airport by year The coldest night of the year at Cloncurry Airport, 1978 to 2026. The record is 1.8 C (35.2 F) in 1979, marked on the chart; the median year is 4.3 C (39.7 F). 0246819801990200020102020Record: 1.8 C (35.2 F) in 1979
The coldest night of the year at Cloncurry Airport, 1978 to 2026. The record is 1.8 C (35.2 F) in 1979, marked on the chart; the median year is 4.3 C (39.7 F).
Coldest night (TNn) at Cloncurry Airport by year
YearColdest night (TNn)
19783.8 C (38.8 F)
19791.8 C (35.2 F)
19803.3 C (37.9 F)
19812.0 C (35.6 F)
1982n/a
19974.6 C (40.3 F)
19983.7 C (38.7 F)
19995.7 C (42.3 F)
20003.2 C (37.8 F)
20014.2 C (39.6 F)
20024.3 C (39.7 F)
20035.1 C (41.2 F)
20042.9 C (37.2 F)
20055.6 C (42.1 F)
20065.0 C (41.0 F)
20073.5 C (38.3 F)
20083.7 C (38.7 F)
20093.7 C (38.7 F)
20103.9 C (39.0 F)
20114.8 C (40.6 F)
20124.1 C (39.4 F)
20136.8 C (44.2 F)
20143.5 C (38.3 F)
20155.7 C (42.3 F)
20164.9 C (40.8 F)
20175.9 C (42.6 F)
20185.1 C (41.2 F)
20194.8 C (40.6 F)
20204.3 C (39.7 F)
20215.5 C (41.9 F)
20225.9 C (42.6 F)
20236.2 C (43.2 F)
20242.2 C (36.0 F)
20253.5 C (38.3 F)
20264.5 C (40.1 F)

Wettest day (Rx1day)

Wettest day (Rx1day) at Cloncurry Airport by year The wettest day of the year at Cloncurry Airport, 1978 to 2026. The record is 196.4 mm (7.7 in) in 2012, marked on the chart; the median year is 74.2 mm (2.9 in). 05010015020019801990200020102020Record: 196.4 mm (7.7 in) in 2012
The wettest day of the year at Cloncurry Airport, 1978 to 2026. The record is 196.4 mm (7.7 in) in 2012, marked on the chart; the median year is 74.2 mm (2.9 in).
Wettest day (Rx1day) at Cloncurry Airport by year
YearWettest day (Rx1day)
197831.5 mm (1.2 in)
197952.3 mm (2.1 in)
198023.0 mm (0.9 in)
198180.0 mm (3.1 in)
19820.5 mm (0.02 in)
199794.6 mm (3.7 in)
199883.6 mm (3.3 in)
1999111.8 mm (4.4 in)
200069.8 mm (2.7 in)
200146.8 mm (1.8 in)
200228.4 mm (1.1 in)
200398.2 mm (3.9 in)
2004128.4 mm (5.1 in)
2005152.2 mm (6.0 in)
2006109.6 mm (4.3 in)
200763.8 mm (2.5 in)
200828.2 mm (1.1 in)
2009116.8 mm (4.6 in)
2010164.0 mm (6.5 in)
2011115.0 mm (4.5 in)
2012196.4 mm (7.7 in)
201345.2 mm (1.8 in)
201440.4 mm (1.6 in)
201560.8 mm (2.4 in)
201649.4 mm (1.9 in)
201756.8 mm (2.2 in)
2018101.4 mm (4.0 in)
2019178.2 mm (7.0 in)
2020106.0 mm (4.2 in)
202155.4 mm (2.2 in)
202259.8 mm (2.4 in)
202364.4 mm (2.5 in)
202474.2 mm (2.9 in)
2025118.0 mm (4.6 in)
202674.6 mm (2.9 in)

Wettest five days (Rx5day)

Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Cloncurry Airport by year The wettest five days of the year at Cloncurry Airport, 1978 to 2026. The record is 449.4 mm (17.7 in) in 2019, marked on the chart; the median year is 151.1 mm (5.9 in). 020040060019801990200020102020Record: 449.4 mm (17.7 in) in 2019
The wettest five days of the year at Cloncurry Airport, 1978 to 2026. The record is 449.4 mm (17.7 in) in 2019, marked on the chart; the median year is 151.1 mm (5.9 in).
Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Cloncurry Airport by year
YearWettest five days (Rx5day)
197831.5 mm (1.2 in)
1979151.1 mm (5.9 in)
198031.6 mm (1.2 in)
1981181.9 mm (7.2 in)
19820.5 mm (0.02 in)
1997173.2 mm (6.8 in)
1998140.3 mm (5.5 in)
1999348.2 mm (13.7 in)
2000217.4 mm (8.6 in)
200161.3 mm (2.4 in)
200233.6 mm (1.3 in)
2003207.0 mm (8.1 in)
2004251.1 mm (9.9 in)
2005201.2 mm (7.9 in)
2006156.8 mm (6.2 in)
2007113.8 mm (4.5 in)
200852.4 mm (2.1 in)
2009244.4 mm (9.6 in)
2010192.2 mm (7.6 in)
2011216.8 mm (8.5 in)
2012224.4 mm (8.8 in)
201352.8 mm (2.1 in)
2014108.4 mm (4.3 in)
2015136.6 mm (5.4 in)
201692.6 mm (3.6 in)
201787.4 mm (3.4 in)
2018180.0 mm (7.1 in)
2019449.4 mm (17.7 in)
2020194.6 mm (7.7 in)
2021111.2 mm (4.4 in)
202287.2 mm (3.4 in)
2023148.6 mm (5.9 in)
2024140.4 mm (5.5 in)
2025349.6 mm (13.8 in)
2026242.8 mm (9.6 in)

Longest dry spell (CDD)

Longest dry spell (CDD) at Cloncurry Airport by year The longest dry spell of the year at Cloncurry Airport, 1978 to 2026. The record is 181 days in 2013, marked on the chart; the median year is 69 days. 05010015020019801990200020102020Record: 181 days in 2013
The longest dry spell of the year at Cloncurry Airport, 1978 to 2026. The record is 181 days in 2013, marked on the chart; the median year is 69 days.
Longest dry spell (CDD) at Cloncurry Airport by year
YearLongest dry spell (CDD)
197858 days
1979143 days
198074 days
198150 days
1982161 days
1997112 days
199854 days
1999129 days
2000125 days
200185 days
200282 days
200352 days
200461 days
200540 days
200660 days
200761 days
2008104 days
200969 days
201064 days
201147 days
201279 days
2013181 days
201482 days
201593 days
201654 days
201757 days
201878 days
201957 days
202075 days
202168 days
202257 days
202373 days
202487 days
202557 days
202653 days

Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.

Download the Data

  • Data for Cloncurry Airport standing records by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
  • Data for Cloncurry Airport threshold days by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.

Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-13 (13 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.

Data as of . Last revised (2026-10-13).