Built 2026-10-15 (15 October 2026)

Port Campbell Post Office Weather Records (ASN00090067)

Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Port Campbell Post Office (ASN00090067), Australia, with 142 years of record.

Key Facts for Port Campbell Post Office

  • Port Campbell Post Office (ASN00090067) is a weather station in Australia at -38.62 latitude and 142.99 longitude, 20 m (66 ft) above sea level.
  • The station reports from 1885 to 2026, 142 years of record.
  • 0 records set at Port Campbell Post Office still stand.
  • Records are tracked for prcp: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
  • Port Campbell Post Office set a daily record precipitation of 20.0 mm (0.8 in) on 10 April 2026.

About the Station

  • Location: Australia, -38.62 latitude, 142.99 longitude.
  • Elevation: 20 m (66 ft).
  • Period of record: 1885 to 2026, 142 years.
  • Eligible elements: prcp.

Daily Record Envelope and 2026

0 days at or beyond a record
Daily record high and record low at Port Campbell Post Office, with 2026 drawn through them The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Port Campbell Post Office. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 0 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius. 000111 JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Port Campbell Post Office. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 0 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
Daily record high and record low at Port Campbell Post Office, with 2026 drawn through them
MonthHighest record highLowest record low2026 highest maximum2026 lowest minimum
Jann/an/an/an/a
Febn/an/an/an/a
Marn/an/an/an/a
Aprn/an/an/an/a
Mayn/an/an/an/a
Junn/an/an/an/a
Juln/an/an/an/a
Augn/an/an/an/a
Sepn/an/an/an/a
Octn/an/an/an/a
Novn/an/an/an/a
Decn/an/an/an/a

Which Years Hold Standing Records

0 standing records
Standing records at Port Campbell Post Office by the year they were set 0 records at Port Campbell Post Office still stand. 00000000000
0 records at Port Campbell Post Office still stand.
Standing records at Port Campbell Post Office by the year they were set
Year setStanding records

All-Time Record Progression

4 new records
When Port Campbell Post Office set new all-time records 4 all-time records were set at Port Campbell Post Office between 23 September 1917 and 25 January 1952. Each dot is a new record. Record daily precipitation23 September 1917: Record daily precipitation 54.6 mm (2.1 in)6 December 1930: Record daily precipitation 69.6 mm (2.7 in)28 March 1932: Record daily precipitation 78.7 mm (3.1 in)25 January 1952: Record daily precipitation 114.0 mm (4.5 in)1920192519301935194019451950
4 all-time records were set at Port Campbell Post Office between 23 September 1917 and 25 January 1952. Each dot is a new record.
When Port Campbell Post Office set new all-time records
DateKindDetail
1917-09-23Record daily precipitationRecord daily precipitation 54.6 mm (2.1 in)
1930-12-06Record daily precipitationRecord daily precipitation 69.6 mm (2.7 in)
1932-03-28Record daily precipitationRecord daily precipitation 78.7 mm (3.1 in)
1952-01-25Record daily precipitationRecord daily precipitation 114.0 mm (4.5 in)

Wettest Day of Each Month

Jan: 114.0 mm (4.5 in)
Record daily precipitation for each month at Port Campbell Post Office The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Port Campbell Post Office. The most was 114.0 mm (4.5 in) on 25 January 1952. 050100150 Jan: 114.0 mm (4.5 in), 25 January 1952 Jan Feb: 95.2 mm (3.7 in), 2 February 1990 Feb Mar: 78.7 mm (3.1 in), 28 March 1932 Mar Apr: 76.0 mm (3.0 in), 6 April 1992 Apr May: 78.2 mm (3.1 in), 29 May 1971 May Jun: 58.0 mm (2.3 in), 9 June 2021 Jun Jul: 41.2 mm (1.6 in), 11 July 2019 Jul Aug: 50.8 mm (2.0 in), 29 August 1893 Aug Sep: 54.6 mm (2.1 in), 23 September 1917 Sep Oct: 50.8 mm (2.0 in), 29 October 1969 Oct Nov: 64.0 mm (2.5 in), 6 November 1985 Nov Dec: 69.6 mm (2.7 in), 6 December 1930 Dec
The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Port Campbell Post Office. The most was 114.0 mm (4.5 in) on 25 January 1952.
Record daily precipitation for each month at Port Campbell Post Office
MonthRecord daily precipitation (mm)Date
Jan114.0 mm (4.5 in)25 January 1952
Feb95.2 mm (3.7 in)2 February 1990
Mar78.7 mm (3.1 in)28 March 1932
Apr76.0 mm (3.0 in)6 April 1992
May78.2 mm (3.1 in)29 May 1971
Jun58.0 mm (2.3 in)9 June 2021
Jul41.2 mm (1.6 in)11 July 2019
Aug50.8 mm (2.0 in)29 August 1893
Sep54.6 mm (2.1 in)23 September 1917
Oct50.8 mm (2.0 in)29 October 1969
Nov64.0 mm (2.5 in)6 November 1985
Dec69.6 mm (2.7 in)6 December 1930

Latest Records

20
Latest records at Port Campbell Post Office
DateStationRecordValueBeat old record byOld record stoodSignificance
10 April 2026Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain20.0 mm (0.8 in)2.2 mm (0.09 in)125 years20 of 100 (Routine)
28 August 2025Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain37.6 mm (1.5 in)14.5 mm (0.6 in)56 years51 of 100 (Notable)
8 June 2025Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain (Tie)29.0 mm (1.1 in)tie16 years3 of 100 (Routine)
1 December 2024Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain34.0 mm (1.3 in)16.2 mm (0.6 in)20 years40 of 100 (Notable)
25 December 2023Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain24.0 mm (0.9 in)7.7 mm (0.30 in)64 years20 of 100 (Routine)
16 April 2023Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain23.0 mm (0.9 in)0.6 mm (0.02 in)36 years20 of 100 (Routine)
20 November 2022Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain35.6 mm (1.4 in)14.8 mm (0.6 in)112 years62 of 100 (Major)
7 May 2022Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain19.8 mm (0.8 in)3.4 mm (0.13 in)24 years20 of 100 (Routine)
28 January 2022Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain (Tie)28.4 mm (1.1 in)tie106 years10 of 100 (Routine)
24 November 2021Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain21.8 mm (0.9 in)5.0 mm (0.20 in)56 years20 of 100 (Routine)
14 October 2021Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain27.0 mm (1.1 in)1.6 mm (0.06 in)127 years42 of 100 (Notable)
9 June 2021Port Campbell Post Office, AUmonthly rain58.0 mm (2.3 in)10.5 mm (0.4 in)121 years67 of 100 (Major)
4 May 2021Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain36.8 mm (1.4 in)14.4 mm (0.6 in)94 years59 of 100 (Notable)
29 January 2021Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain40.2 mm (1.6 in)7.2 mm (0.28 in)50 years34 of 100 (Routine)
26 January 2021Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain23.2 mm (0.9 in)3.9 mm (0.15 in)80 years20 of 100 (Routine)
29 November 2020Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain35.2 mm (1.4 in)2.2 mm (0.09 in)43 years25 of 100 (Routine)
25 September 2020Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain35.0 mm (1.4 in)12.0 mm (0.5 in)19 years36 of 100 (Notable)
23 August 2020Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain30.0 mm (1.2 in)9.4 mm (0.37 in)91 years53 of 100 (Notable)
22 August 2020Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain20.0 mm (0.8 in)0.9 mm (0.04 in)64 years20 of 100 (Routine)
21 August 2020Port Campbell Post Office, AUdaily rain26.8 mm (1.1 in)3.6 mm (0.14 in)45 years29 of 100 (Routine)

Extremes by Year

1885 to 2026
Yearly extremes at Port Campbell Post Office: the record and the median year
MeasureRecordYear of the recordMedian yearYears with a value
Wettest day (Rx1day)114.0 mm (4.5 in)195237.9 mm (1.5 in)142
Wettest five days (Rx5day)137.1 mm (5.4 in)197171.2 mm (2.8 in)142
Longest dry spell (CDD)40 days201319 days142

Wettest day (Rx1day)

Wettest day (Rx1day) at Port Campbell Post Office by year The wettest day of the year at Port Campbell Post Office, 1885 to 2026. The record is 114.0 mm (4.5 in) in 1952, marked on the chart; the median year is 37.9 mm (1.5 in). 02550751001251900192019401960198020002020Record: 114.0 mm (4.5 in) in 1952
The wettest day of the year at Port Campbell Post Office, 1885 to 2026. The record is 114.0 mm (4.5 in) in 1952, marked on the chart; the median year is 37.9 mm (1.5 in).
Wettest day (Rx1day) at Port Campbell Post Office by year
YearWettest day (Rx1day)
188516.5 mm (0.6 in)
188647.5 mm (1.9 in)
188745.0 mm (1.8 in)
188838.1 mm (1.5 in)
188942.9 mm (1.7 in)
189043.2 mm (1.7 in)
189139.9 mm (1.6 in)
189237.6 mm (1.5 in)
189350.8 mm (2.0 in)
189450.8 mm (2.0 in)
189525.4 mm (1.0 in)
189645.0 mm (1.8 in)
189733.0 mm (1.3 in)
189831.8 mm (1.3 in)
189949.3 mm (1.9 in)
190041.9 mm (1.6 in)
190131.0 mm (1.2 in)
190235.8 mm (1.4 in)
190336.6 mm (1.4 in)
190425.1 mm (1.0 in)
190531.0 mm (1.2 in)
190641.4 mm (1.6 in)
190723.4 mm (0.9 in)
190849.0 mm (1.9 in)
190929.0 mm (1.1 in)
191052.6 mm (2.1 in)
191137.8 mm (1.5 in)
191242.9 mm (1.7 in)
191336.8 mm (1.4 in)
191421.6 mm (0.9 in)
191536.6 mm (1.4 in)
191638.1 mm (1.5 in)
191754.6 mm (2.1 in)
191836.8 mm (1.4 in)
191936.8 mm (1.4 in)
192034.0 mm (1.3 in)
192122.1 mm (0.9 in)
192237.1 mm (1.5 in)
192341.9 mm (1.6 in)
192433.5 mm (1.3 in)
192520.8 mm (0.8 in)
192629.0 mm (1.1 in)
192745.7 mm (1.8 in)
192849.8 mm (2.0 in)
192935.8 mm (1.4 in)
193069.6 mm (2.7 in)
193125.1 mm (1.0 in)
193278.7 mm (3.1 in)
193339.6 mm (1.6 in)
193442.4 mm (1.7 in)
193537.1 mm (1.5 in)
193648.3 mm (1.9 in)
193741.1 mm (1.6 in)
193834.3 mm (1.4 in)
193973.9 mm (2.9 in)
194034.5 mm (1.4 in)
194173.2 mm (2.9 in)
194245.0 mm (1.8 in)
194339.6 mm (1.6 in)
194426.9 mm (1.1 in)
194546.2 mm (1.8 in)
194670.9 mm (2.8 in)
194746.2 mm (1.8 in)
194842.9 mm (1.7 in)
194933.0 mm (1.3 in)
195038.4 mm (1.5 in)
195145.2 mm (1.8 in)
1952114.0 mm (4.5 in)
195333.8 mm (1.3 in)
195447.5 mm (1.9 in)
195526.7 mm (1.1 in)
195627.4 mm (1.1 in)
195789.4 mm (3.5 in)
195833.0 mm (1.3 in)
195929.2 mm (1.1 in)
196050.8 mm (2.0 in)
196155.9 mm (2.2 in)
196224.6 mm (1.0 in)
196340.9 mm (1.6 in)
196440.1 mm (1.6 in)
196530.0 mm (1.2 in)
196638.1 mm (1.5 in)
196731.5 mm (1.2 in)
196824.6 mm (1.0 in)
196950.8 mm (2.0 in)
197044.5 mm (1.8 in)
197178.2 mm (3.1 in)
197232.5 mm (1.3 in)
197355.9 mm (2.2 in)
197440.0 mm (1.6 in)
197528.0 mm (1.1 in)
197627.4 mm (1.1 in)
197733.0 mm (1.3 in)
197838.4 mm (1.5 in)
197931.2 mm (1.2 in)
198035.8 mm (1.4 in)
198129.4 mm (1.2 in)
198227.8 mm (1.1 in)
198332.0 mm (1.3 in)
198453.4 mm (2.1 in)
198564.0 mm (2.5 in)
198646.4 mm (1.8 in)
198756.2 mm (2.2 in)
198826.4 mm (1.0 in)
198940.0 mm (1.6 in)
199095.2 mm (3.7 in)
199189.6 mm (3.5 in)
199276.0 mm (3.0 in)
199341.0 mm (1.6 in)
199424.2 mm (1.0 in)
199530.4 mm (1.2 in)
199630.0 mm (1.2 in)
199739.2 mm (1.5 in)
199845.6 mm (1.8 in)
199931.0 mm (1.2 in)
200027.0 mm (1.1 in)
200131.4 mm (1.2 in)
200250.4 mm (2.0 in)
200324.0 mm (0.9 in)
200438.5 mm (1.5 in)
200557.0 mm (2.2 in)
200637.0 mm (1.5 in)
200751.0 mm (2.0 in)
200852.8 mm (2.1 in)
200939.2 mm (1.5 in)
201034.0 mm (1.3 in)
201132.6 mm (1.3 in)
201228.0 mm (1.1 in)
201343.0 mm (1.7 in)
201437.6 mm (1.5 in)
201525.0 mm (1.0 in)
201623.0 mm (0.9 in)
201735.2 mm (1.4 in)
201834.8 mm (1.4 in)
201941.2 mm (1.6 in)
202035.2 mm (1.4 in)
202158.0 mm (2.3 in)
202238.0 mm (1.5 in)
202327.6 mm (1.1 in)
202434.0 mm (1.3 in)
202537.6 mm (1.5 in)
202623.6 mm (0.9 in)

Wettest five days (Rx5day)

Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Port Campbell Post Office by year The wettest five days of the year at Port Campbell Post Office, 1885 to 2026. The record is 137.1 mm (5.4 in) in 1971, marked on the chart; the median year is 71.2 mm (2.8 in). 0501001501900192019401960198020002020Record: 137.1 mm (5.4 in) in 1971
The wettest five days of the year at Port Campbell Post Office, 1885 to 2026. The record is 137.1 mm (5.4 in) in 1971, marked on the chart; the median year is 71.2 mm (2.8 in).
Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Port Campbell Post Office by year
YearWettest five days (Rx5day)
188525.7 mm (1.0 in)
188698.6 mm (3.9 in)
188764.5 mm (2.5 in)
188858.4 mm (2.3 in)
188973.1 mm (2.9 in)
189066.4 mm (2.6 in)
189197.6 mm (3.8 in)
189293.1 mm (3.7 in)
189367.1 mm (2.6 in)
1894103.9 mm (4.1 in)
189576.0 mm (3.0 in)
189651.1 mm (2.0 in)
189754.0 mm (2.1 in)
189860.4 mm (2.4 in)
189983.1 mm (3.3 in)
1900117.1 mm (4.6 in)
190156.1 mm (2.2 in)
190289.1 mm (3.5 in)
190371.2 mm (2.8 in)
190441.4 mm (1.6 in)
190555.8 mm (2.2 in)
190683.0 mm (3.3 in)
190756.9 mm (2.2 in)
190876.2 mm (3.0 in)
190953.9 mm (2.1 in)
191093.1 mm (3.7 in)
1911115.8 mm (4.6 in)
191299.5 mm (3.9 in)
191363.6 mm (2.5 in)
191446.7 mm (1.8 in)
1915106.8 mm (4.2 in)
191671.9 mm (2.8 in)
191783.3 mm (3.3 in)
191873.1 mm (2.9 in)
191971.1 mm (2.8 in)
192082.0 mm (3.2 in)
192157.2 mm (2.3 in)
1922105.9 mm (4.2 in)
192398.4 mm (3.9 in)
192464.7 mm (2.5 in)
192542.6 mm (1.7 in)
192683.8 mm (3.3 in)
192781.6 mm (3.2 in)
192885.3 mm (3.4 in)
1929105.1 mm (4.1 in)
193097.5 mm (3.8 in)
193144.2 mm (1.7 in)
1932125.2 mm (4.9 in)
193363.0 mm (2.5 in)
193472.2 mm (2.8 in)
193582.3 mm (3.2 in)
193653.4 mm (2.1 in)
1937117.9 mm (4.6 in)
193856.4 mm (2.2 in)
193984.0 mm (3.3 in)
194050.0 mm (2.0 in)
1941101.4 mm (4.0 in)
194258.7 mm (2.3 in)
194376.1 mm (3.0 in)
194455.6 mm (2.2 in)
194564.8 mm (2.6 in)
1946114.7 mm (4.5 in)
1947100.6 mm (4.0 in)
194873.7 mm (2.9 in)
194978.8 mm (3.1 in)
195061.1 mm (2.4 in)
195181.5 mm (3.2 in)
1952118.9 mm (4.7 in)
195377.0 mm (3.0 in)
195466.1 mm (2.6 in)
195565.3 mm (2.6 in)
195681.5 mm (3.2 in)
1957104.7 mm (4.1 in)
195899.3 mm (3.9 in)
195961.0 mm (2.4 in)
196078.5 mm (3.1 in)
196192.0 mm (3.6 in)
196258.4 mm (2.3 in)
196358.2 mm (2.3 in)
196487.1 mm (3.4 in)
196570.3 mm (2.8 in)
196681.1 mm (3.2 in)
196746.9 mm (1.8 in)
196878.4 mm (3.1 in)
196991.2 mm (3.6 in)
197083.1 mm (3.3 in)
1971137.1 mm (5.4 in)
197257.0 mm (2.2 in)
197369.4 mm (2.7 in)
197489.6 mm (3.5 in)
197578.2 mm (3.1 in)
197649.2 mm (1.9 in)
197769.8 mm (2.7 in)
197866.0 mm (2.6 in)
197979.2 mm (3.1 in)
198069.6 mm (2.7 in)
198181.0 mm (3.2 in)
198261.2 mm (2.4 in)
198367.2 mm (2.6 in)
198496.2 mm (3.8 in)
198576.4 mm (3.0 in)
198670.2 mm (2.8 in)
198771.6 mm (2.8 in)
198844.8 mm (1.8 in)
198963.0 mm (2.5 in)
1990128.2 mm (5.0 in)
1991100.4 mm (4.0 in)
199294.2 mm (3.7 in)
199361.8 mm (2.4 in)
199455.0 mm (2.2 in)
199564.6 mm (2.5 in)
199656.8 mm (2.2 in)
199751.2 mm (2.0 in)
199852.4 mm (2.1 in)
199946.4 mm (1.8 in)
200061.8 mm (2.4 in)
200158.8 mm (2.3 in)
200261.4 mm (2.4 in)
200360.2 mm (2.4 in)
200459.3 mm (2.3 in)
200578.9 mm (3.1 in)
200660.2 mm (2.4 in)
200790.4 mm (3.6 in)
200864.2 mm (2.5 in)
200977.0 mm (3.0 in)
201040.5 mm (1.6 in)
201163.6 mm (2.5 in)
201247.3 mm (1.9 in)
2013134.0 mm (5.3 in)
201471.9 mm (2.8 in)
201552.8 mm (2.1 in)
201669.0 mm (2.7 in)
201756.4 mm (2.2 in)
201870.0 mm (2.8 in)
201975.4 mm (3.0 in)
202084.8 mm (3.3 in)
202182.5 mm (3.2 in)
202267.0 mm (2.6 in)
202346.6 mm (1.8 in)
202457.0 mm (2.2 in)
202578.1 mm (3.1 in)
202669.4 mm (2.7 in)

Longest dry spell (CDD)

Longest dry spell (CDD) at Port Campbell Post Office by year The longest dry spell of the year at Port Campbell Post Office, 1885 to 2026. The record is 40 days in 2013, marked on the chart; the median year is 19 days. 102030401900192019401960198020002020Record: 40 days in 2013
The longest dry spell of the year at Port Campbell Post Office, 1885 to 2026. The record is 40 days in 2013, marked on the chart; the median year is 19 days.
Longest dry spell (CDD) at Port Campbell Post Office by year
YearLongest dry spell (CDD)
188524 days
188621 days
188723 days
188829 days
188921 days
189016 days
189124 days
189230 days
189335 days
189427 days
189517 days
189629 days
189727 days
189822 days
189915 days
190014 days
190128 days
190224 days
190321 days
190426 days
190520 days
190626 days
190717 days
190812 days
190911 days
191036 days
191121 days
191228 days
191327 days
191417 days
191515 days
191630 days
191718 days
191816 days
191914 days
192019 days
192123 days
192218 days
192335 days
192423 days
192519 days
192611 days
192717 days
192815 days
192914 days
193032 days
193127 days
193219 days
193319 days
193420 days
193521 days
193628 days
193718 days
193811 days
193929 days
194022 days
194120 days
194217 days
194319 days
194418 days
194525 days
194613 days
194714 days
194830 days
194914 days
195014 days
195135 days
195213 days
195317 days
195415 days
195515 days
195625 days
195713 days
195817 days
195924 days
196014 days
196116 days
196219 days
196316 days
196418 days
196516 days
196610 days
196722 days
196818 days
196919 days
197013 days
197121 days
197230 days
197316 days
197420 days
197515 days
197619 days
197714 days
197815 days
197925 days
198015 days
198120 days
198221 days
198331 days
198413 days
198516 days
198619 days
198717 days
198828 days
198923 days
199027 days
199133 days
199212 days
199322 days
199420 days
199519 days
199623 days
199711 days
199811 days
199920 days
200020 days
200111 days
200222 days
200317 days
200415 days
200513 days
200625 days
200715 days
200818 days
200938 days
201011 days
201112 days
201213 days
201340 days
201440 days
201518 days
201613 days
201719 days
201822 days
201919 days
202013 days
202112 days
202217 days
202315 days
202440 days
202537 days
202622 days

Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.

Rainfall Return Levels

133 years, 1886 to 2025

A day with at least 38.1 mm (1.5 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 99.6 mm (3.9 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.

Rainfall return levels at Port Campbell Post Office: the daily rain expected about once in a given number of years
Expected about once inA day with at leastNote
2 years38.1 mm (1.5 in)
5 years50.7 mm (2.0 in)
10 years60.3 mm (2.4 in)
25 years74.4 mm (2.9 in)
50 years86.3 mm (3.4 in)
100 years99.6 mm (3.9 in)

The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 133 years of values from 1886 to 2025.

A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.

The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 114.0 mm (4.5 in) in 1952; 95.2 mm (3.7 in) in 1990; 89.6 mm (3.5 in) in 1991.

Download the Data

  • Data for Port Campbell Post Office standing records by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
  • Data for Port Campbell Post Office threshold days by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.

Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-13 (13 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.

Data as of . Last revised (2026-10-12).