Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Powell River (CA001046390), British Columbia, Canada, with 84 years of record.
Key Facts for Powell River
Powell River (CA001046390) is a weather station in British Columbia, Canada at 49.88 latitude and -124.55 longitude, 52 m (171 ft) above sea level.
The station reports from 1924 to 2007, 84 years of record.
1,464 records set at Powell River still stand.
Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp, snow: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
Powell River set a daily record low minimum temperature of -9.0 C (15.8 F) on 24 December 1983.
About the Station
Location: British Columbia, Canada, 49.88 latitude, -124.55 longitude.
Elevation: 52 m (171 ft).
Period of record: 1924 to 2007, 84 years.
Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp, snow.
Daily Record Envelope and 2026
0 days at or beyond a record
Record highRecord low2026 daily maximum2026 daily minimum
The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Powell River. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 0 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
Daily record high and record low at Powell River, with 2026 drawn through them
Month
Highest record high
Lowest record low
2026 highest maximum
2026 lowest minimum
Jan
15.6 C (60.1 F)
-14.4 C (6.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Feb
15.6 C (60.1 F)
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Mar
20.0 C (68.0 F)
-7.8 C (18.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Apr
23.9 C (75.0 F)
-1.7 C (28.9 F)
n/a
n/a
May
33.0 C (91.4 F)
-0.6 C (30.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Jun
33.0 C (91.4 F)
3.3 C (37.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Jul
33.9 C (93.0 F)
6.1 C (43.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Aug
33.0 C (91.4 F)
6.0 C (42.8 F)
n/a
n/a
Sep
29.4 C (84.9 F)
0.0 C (32.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Oct
24.0 C (75.2 F)
-2.8 C (27.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Nov
20.0 C (68.0 F)
-9.4 C (15.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Dec
15.0 C (59.0 F)
-12.8 C (9.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Which Years Hold Standing Records
1,464 standing records
Year with most
1,464 records at Powell River still stand. 1958 holds the most, with 49.
Standing records at Powell River by the year they were set
Year set
Standing records
1924
43
1925
20
1926
30
1927
16
1928
26
1929
31
1930
27
1931
19
1932
32
1933
31
1934
25
1935
35
1936
46
1937
22
1938
7
1939
27
1940
32
1941
38
1942
16
1943
18
1944
20
1945
23
1946
9
1947
19
1948
9
1949
23
1950
44
1951
25
1952
21
1953
10
1954
11
1955
42
1956
30
1957
12
1958
49
1959
10
1960
17
1961
21
1962
25
1963
28
1964
12
1965
30
1966
19
1967
21
1968
33
1969
18
1970
18
1971
27
1972
32
1973
20
1974
31
1975
25
1976
36
1977
19
1978
13
1979
8
1980
29
1981
29
1982
24
1983
31
All-Time Record Progression
2 new records
2 all-time records were set at Powell River between 12 July 1961 and 4 January 1978. Each dot is a new record.
When Powell River set new all-time records
Date
Kind
Detail
1961-07-12
Record high maximum temperature
Record high maximum temperature 33.9 C (93.0 F)
1978-01-04
Record daily snowfall
Record daily snowfall 50.8 cm (20.0 in)
Wettest Day of Each Month
Dec: 68.3 mm (2.7 in)
The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Powell River. The most was 68.3 mm (2.7 in) on 12 December 1947.
Record daily precipitation for each month at Powell River
Month
Record daily precipitation (mm)
Date
Jan
64.8 mm (2.6 in)
24 January 1951
Feb
49.0 mm (1.9 in)
9 February 1951
Mar
56.1 mm (2.2 in)
9 March 1974
Apr
27.7 mm (1.1 in)
11 April 1950
May
50.3 mm (2.0 in)
22 May 1961
Jun
58.9 mm (2.3 in)
26 June 1958
Jul
48.3 mm (1.9 in)
19 July 1965
Aug
46.5 mm (1.8 in)
31 August 1936
Sep
57.2 mm (2.3 in)
8 September 1972
Oct
49.0 mm (1.9 in)
27 October 1973
Nov
58.0 mm (2.3 in)
1 November 1980
Dec
68.3 mm (2.7 in)
12 December 1947
Period of Record Coverage
1924 to 1983
Complete yearUnder 90 percent of days
60 years of record at Powell River, 1924 to 1983. 13 years have data for under 90 percent of days and are left out of rankings: 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1957, 1958, 1959 and others.
Cooler than the station meanWarmer than the station mean
One stripe for each of 49 complete years at Powell River, 1924 to 1983. Blue stripes are years cooler than the station's own mean of 10.4 C (50.7 F); red stripes are warmer. The coolest year was 1933, at 9.1 C (48.4 F), and the warmest was 1958, at 12.3 C (54.1 F). The strongest colour marks a difference of 1.9 C (3.4 F).
Annual mean temperature at Powell River as warming stripes, 1924 to 1983
Year
Annual mean temperature
Difference from the station mean
1924
10.4 C
+0.03 C
1925
10.7 C
+0.34 C
1926
11.2 C
+0.80 C
1927
9.7 C
-0.69 C
1928
10.4 C
-0.05 C
1929
9.9 C
-0.55 C
1930
10.0 C
-0.36 C
1931
10.5 C
+0.12 C
1932
9.9 C
-0.47 C
1933
9.1 C
-1.29 C
1934
10.8 C
+0.40 C
1935
9.8 C
-0.62 C
1936
10.2 C
-0.16 C
1937
9.8 C
-0.58 C
1938
10.6 C
+0.16 C
1939
10.8 C
+0.36 C
1940
11.5 C
+1.12 C
1941
11.5 C
+1.14 C
1942
10.9 C
+0.46 C
1943
9.9 C
-0.55 C
1944
11.1 C
+0.66 C
1945
10.2 C
-0.20 C
1946
10.0 C
-0.41 C
1947
10.4 C
+0.04 C
1948
9.6 C
-0.82 C
1949
10.0 C
-0.38 C
1950
9.6 C
-0.78 C
1951
10.4 C
-0.05 C
1952
10.7 C
+0.33 C
1953
10.9 C
+0.54 C
1954
10.0 C
-0.43 C
1955
9.2 C
-1.22 C
1956
10.2 C
-0.24 C
1958
12.3 C
+1.90 C
1960
10.6 C
+0.22 C
1962
10.8 C
+0.36 C
1964
10.0 C
-0.43 C
1967
11.3 C
+0.94 C
1968
10.6 C
+0.15 C
1973
10.5 C
+0.13 C
1974
10.5 C
+0.05 C
1975
9.5 C
-0.90 C
1976
9.9 C
-0.47 C
1977
10.4 C
0.00 C
1978
10.4 C
-0.02 C
1979
10.6 C
+0.19 C
1980
10.6 C
+0.19 C
1981
11.0 C
+0.63 C
1983
11.0 C
+0.57 C
The fitted trend in annual mean temperature here over 1924 to 1983 is 0.04 C (-0.06 to 0.15) per decade. The interval includes zero, so the trend is not clearly different from zero. In Fahrenheit: 0.1 F (-0.1 to 0.3) per decade. The slope is a straight line fitted to 49 complete years; the brackets give its 95 percent interval.
Fitted temperature trends per decade at Powell River
Measure
Per decade (C)
Per decade (F)
Period
Complete years
Reading
Annual mean temperature
0.04 C (-0.06 to 0.15) per decade
0.1 F (-0.1 to 0.3) per decade
1924 to 1983
49
Not clearly different from zero
Mean daily maximum
0.07 C (-0.04 to 0.18) per decade
0.1 F (-0.1 to 0.3) per decade
1924 to 1983
49
Not clearly different from zero
Mean daily minimum
0.02 C (-0.09 to 0.13) per decade
0.04 F (-0.15 to 0.23) per decade
1924 to 1983
49
Not clearly different from zero
A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.
Extremes by Year
1924 to 1983
Yearly extremes at Powell River: the record and the median year
Measure
Record
Year of the record
Median year
Years with a value
Hottest day (TXx)
33.9 C (93.0 F)
1961
29.7 C (85.5 F)
60
Coldest night (TNn)
-14.4 C (6.1 F)
1950
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
60
Wettest day (Rx1day)
68.3 mm (2.7 in)
1947
35.9 mm (1.4 in)
60
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
127.3 mm (5.0 in)
1926
74.8 mm (2.9 in)
60
Longest dry spell (CDD)
54 days
1960
25 days
60
Hottest day (TXx)
The hottest day of the year at Powell River, 1924 to 1983. The record is 33.9 C (93.0 F) in 1961, marked on the chart; the median year is 29.7 C (85.5 F).
Hottest day (TXx) at Powell River by year
Year
Hottest day (TXx)
1924
30.6 C (87.1 F)
1925
32.8 C (91.0 F)
1926
31.7 C (89.1 F)
1927
28.9 C (84.0 F)
1928
30.0 C (86.0 F)
1929
27.2 C (81.0 F)
1930
28.9 C (84.0 F)
1931
30.0 C (86.0 F)
1932
28.9 C (84.0 F)
1933
28.3 C (82.9 F)
1934
27.8 C (82.0 F)
1935
28.3 C (82.9 F)
1936
27.8 C (82.0 F)
1937
27.2 C (81.0 F)
1938
31.1 C (88.0 F)
1939
29.4 C (84.9 F)
1940
26.7 C (80.1 F)
1941
32.8 C (91.0 F)
1942
31.7 C (89.1 F)
1943
26.7 C (80.1 F)
1944
29.4 C (84.9 F)
1945
28.3 C (82.9 F)
1946
26.7 C (80.1 F)
1947
28.3 C (82.9 F)
1948
27.8 C (82.0 F)
1949
28.3 C (82.9 F)
1950
28.9 C (84.0 F)
1951
32.8 C (91.0 F)
1952
30.6 C (87.1 F)
1953
30.0 C (86.0 F)
1954
25.0 C (77.0 F)
1955
28.9 C (84.0 F)
1956
31.7 C (89.1 F)
1957
28.3 C (82.9 F)
1958
32.2 C (90.0 F)
1959
31.7 C (89.1 F)
1960
32.2 C (90.0 F)
1961
33.9 C (93.0 F)
1962
30.0 C (86.0 F)
1963
30.6 C (87.1 F)
1964
27.2 C (81.0 F)
1965
30.6 C (87.1 F)
1966
28.9 C (84.0 F)
1967
31.1 C (88.0 F)
1968
29.4 C (84.9 F)
1969
30.6 C (87.1 F)
1970
30.6 C (87.1 F)
1971
32.2 C (90.0 F)
1972
30.6 C (87.1 F)
1973
27.8 C (82.0 F)
1974
29.4 C (84.9 F)
1975
30.6 C (87.1 F)
1976
25.6 C (78.1 F)
1977
31.7 C (89.1 F)
1978
33.0 C (91.4 F)
1979
29.0 C (84.2 F)
1980
29.0 C (84.2 F)
1981
32.0 C (89.6 F)
1982
33.0 C (91.4 F)
1983
33.0 C (91.4 F)
Coldest night (TNn)
The coldest night of the year at Powell River, 1924 to 1983. The record is -14.4 C (6.1 F) in 1950, marked on the chart; the median year is -6.7 C (19.9 F).
Coldest night (TNn) at Powell River by year
Year
Coldest night (TNn)
1924
-10.0 C (14.0 F)
1925
-1.7 C (28.9 F)
1926
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
1927
-10.0 C (14.0 F)
1928
-4.4 C (24.1 F)
1929
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
1930
-8.9 C (16.0 F)
1931
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1932
-10.0 C (14.0 F)
1933
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
1934
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1935
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
1936
-7.8 C (18.0 F)
1937
-9.4 C (15.1 F)
1938
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1939
-4.4 C (24.1 F)
1940
-2.8 C (27.0 F)
1941
-3.9 C (25.0 F)
1942
-3.3 C (26.1 F)
1943
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
1944
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1945
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1946
-2.8 C (27.0 F)
1947
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
1948
-4.4 C (24.1 F)
1949
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
1950
-14.4 C (6.1 F)
1951
-7.8 C (18.0 F)
1952
-5.6 C (21.9 F)
1953
-1.1 C (30.0 F)
1954
-8.3 C (17.1 F)
1955
-9.4 C (15.1 F)
1956
-10.0 C (14.0 F)
1957
-8.9 C (16.0 F)
1958
-1.7 C (28.9 F)
1959
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
1960
-4.4 C (24.1 F)
1961
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1962
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
1963
-6.1 C (21.0 F)
1964
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
1965
-5.6 C (21.9 F)
1966
-4.4 C (24.1 F)
1967
-3.3 C (26.1 F)
1968
-12.8 C (9.0 F)
1969
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
1970
-6.1 C (21.0 F)
1971
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
1972
-7.8 C (18.0 F)
1973
-5.0 C (23.0 F)
1974
-3.9 C (25.0 F)
1975
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
1976
-4.4 C (24.1 F)
1977
-3.9 C (25.0 F)
1978
-7.0 C (19.4 F)
1979
-7.0 C (19.4 F)
1980
-7.0 C (19.4 F)
1981
-3.0 C (26.6 F)
1982
-8.0 C (17.6 F)
1983
-9.0 C (15.8 F)
Wettest day (Rx1day)
The wettest day of the year at Powell River, 1924 to 1983. The record is 68.3 mm (2.7 in) in 1947, marked on the chart; the median year is 35.9 mm (1.4 in).
Wettest day (Rx1day) at Powell River by year
Year
Wettest day (Rx1day)
1924
48.8 mm (1.9 in)
1925
31.8 mm (1.3 in)
1926
48.3 mm (1.9 in)
1927
40.6 mm (1.6 in)
1928
35.6 mm (1.4 in)
1929
33.8 mm (1.3 in)
1930
35.1 mm (1.4 in)
1931
30.5 mm (1.2 in)
1932
21.1 mm (0.8 in)
1933
33.5 mm (1.3 in)
1934
35.8 mm (1.4 in)
1935
34.0 mm (1.3 in)
1936
46.5 mm (1.8 in)
1937
29.7 mm (1.2 in)
1938
56.9 mm (2.2 in)
1939
36.1 mm (1.4 in)
1940
33.8 mm (1.3 in)
1941
34.8 mm (1.4 in)
1942
29.7 mm (1.2 in)
1943
27.9 mm (1.1 in)
1944
27.4 mm (1.1 in)
1945
25.1 mm (1.0 in)
1946
22.6 mm (0.9 in)
1947
68.3 mm (2.7 in)
1948
34.3 mm (1.4 in)
1949
61.0 mm (2.4 in)
1950
33.0 mm (1.3 in)
1951
64.8 mm (2.6 in)
1952
33.8 mm (1.3 in)
1953
41.1 mm (1.6 in)
1954
32.0 mm (1.3 in)
1955
45.7 mm (1.8 in)
1956
28.7 mm (1.1 in)
1957
34.3 mm (1.4 in)
1958
58.9 mm (2.3 in)
1959
32.0 mm (1.3 in)
1960
59.7 mm (2.4 in)
1961
50.3 mm (2.0 in)
1962
33.3 mm (1.3 in)
1963
32.8 mm (1.3 in)
1964
47.5 mm (1.9 in)
1965
48.3 mm (1.9 in)
1966
54.9 mm (2.2 in)
1967
37.8 mm (1.5 in)
1968
52.1 mm (2.1 in)
1969
33.0 mm (1.3 in)
1970
26.2 mm (1.0 in)
1971
42.7 mm (1.7 in)
1972
57.2 mm (2.3 in)
1973
50.3 mm (2.0 in)
1974
56.1 mm (2.2 in)
1975
33.3 mm (1.3 in)
1976
29.7 mm (1.2 in)
1977
41.9 mm (1.6 in)
1978
50.8 mm (2.0 in)
1979
36.0 mm (1.4 in)
1980
58.0 mm (2.3 in)
1981
37.0 mm (1.5 in)
1982
36.0 mm (1.4 in)
1983
37.2 mm (1.5 in)
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
The wettest five days of the year at Powell River, 1924 to 1983. The record is 127.3 mm (5.0 in) in 1926, marked on the chart; the median year is 74.8 mm (2.9 in).
Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Powell River by year
Year
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
1924
81.0 mm (3.2 in)
1925
56.2 mm (2.2 in)
1926
127.3 mm (5.0 in)
1927
124.6 mm (4.9 in)
1928
71.7 mm (2.8 in)
1929
65.0 mm (2.6 in)
1930
67.6 mm (2.7 in)
1931
57.5 mm (2.3 in)
1932
62.2 mm (2.4 in)
1933
79.5 mm (3.1 in)
1934
66.0 mm (2.6 in)
1935
100.8 mm (4.0 in)
1936
63.8 mm (2.5 in)
1937
69.9 mm (2.8 in)
1938
91.7 mm (3.6 in)
1939
108.0 mm (4.3 in)
1940
62.3 mm (2.5 in)
1941
62.8 mm (2.5 in)
1942
69.4 mm (2.7 in)
1943
42.9 mm (1.7 in)
1944
56.6 mm (2.2 in)
1945
64.8 mm (2.6 in)
1946
53.4 mm (2.1 in)
1947
96.1 mm (3.8 in)
1948
74.6 mm (2.9 in)
1949
56.6 mm (2.2 in)
1950
70.0 mm (2.8 in)
1951
92.5 mm (3.6 in)
1952
53.4 mm (2.1 in)
1953
67.3 mm (2.6 in)
1954
82.3 mm (3.2 in)
1955
77.2 mm (3.0 in)
1956
75.0 mm (3.0 in)
1957
74.4 mm (2.9 in)
1958
88.8 mm (3.5 in)
1959
64.0 mm (2.5 in)
1960
93.7 mm (3.7 in)
1961
73.4 mm (2.9 in)
1962
110.8 mm (4.4 in)
1963
96.9 mm (3.8 in)
1964
93.0 mm (3.7 in)
1965
61.6 mm (2.4 in)
1966
113.8 mm (4.5 in)
1967
73.4 mm (2.9 in)
1968
86.5 mm (3.4 in)
1969
77.8 mm (3.1 in)
1970
49.8 mm (2.0 in)
1971
64.3 mm (2.5 in)
1972
105.7 mm (4.2 in)
1973
95.8 mm (3.8 in)
1974
81.1 mm (3.2 in)
1975
93.5 mm (3.7 in)
1976
48.7 mm (1.9 in)
1977
98.0 mm (3.9 in)
1978
102.0 mm (4.0 in)
1979
68.8 mm (2.7 in)
1980
109.8 mm (4.3 in)
1981
97.3 mm (3.8 in)
1982
116.0 mm (4.6 in)
1983
95.0 mm (3.7 in)
Longest dry spell (CDD)
The longest dry spell of the year at Powell River, 1924 to 1983. The record is 54 days in 1960, marked on the chart; the median year is 25 days.
Longest dry spell (CDD) at Powell River by year
Year
Longest dry spell (CDD)
1924
32 days
1925
38 days
1926
25 days
1927
30 days
1928
32 days
1929
23 days
1930
23 days
1931
23 days
1932
26 days
1933
24 days
1934
30 days
1935
25 days
1936
49 days
1937
41 days
1938
29 days
1939
23 days
1940
32 days
1941
32 days
1942
38 days
1943
22 days
1944
25 days
1945
22 days
1946
20 days
1947
22 days
1948
13 days
1949
20 days
1950
30 days
1951
25 days
1952
29 days
1953
12 days
1954
14 days
1955
23 days
1956
27 days
1957
22 days
1958
34 days
1959
28 days
1960
54 days
1961
43 days
1962
20 days
1963
19 days
1964
10 days
1965
20 days
1966
13 days
1967
22 days
1968
23 days
1969
23 days
1970
27 days
1971
21 days
1972
33 days
1973
20 days
1974
47 days
1975
28 days
1976
13 days
1977
23 days
1978
17 days
1979
36 days
1980
28 days
1981
35 days
1982
22 days
1983
15 days
Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.
Frost Dates and Growing Season
46 years with a frost
Across 46 years with a frost, the median last spring frost at Powell River falls on 23 March and the median first autumn frost on 20 November, which leaves a median of 243 days between them.
Fitted over all years, the growing season changes by +1.4 days per decade at this station.
Frost dates and growing season at Powell River
Measure
Median, all years
Earliest period
Recent period (1940 to 1983)
Recent against earliest
Fitted trend
Last spring frost
23 March
n/a
21 March
n/a
-2.4 days per decade
First autumn frost
20 November
n/a
23 November
n/a
-1.0 days per decade
Growing days
243 days
n/a
245 days
n/a
+1.4 days per decade
A frost day is a day with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F). The last spring frost and the first autumn frost are the last and first such days of the cold season, and growing days are the days between them. A negative trend for the last spring frost means it comes earlier.
Rainfall Return Levels
55 years, 1924 to 1983
A day with at least 37.6 mm (1.5 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 76.8 mm (3.0 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.
Rainfall return levels at Powell River: the daily rain expected about once in a given number of years
Expected about once in
A day with at least
Note
2 years
37.6 mm (1.5 in)
5 years
47.7 mm (1.9 in)
10 years
54.6 mm (2.1 in)
25 years
63.4 mm (2.5 in)
50 years
70.1 mm (2.8 in)
100 years
76.8 mm (3.0 in)
Longer than the 55 years of record
The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 55 years of values from 1924 to 1983.
A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.
The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 68.3 mm (2.7 in) in 1947; 61.0 mm (2.4 in) in 1949; 59.7 mm (2.4 in) in 1960.
Station Changes
2 suspected
2 changes were suspected in the annual mean temperature of Powell River, at 1949 and 1974. Each is measured against neighbouring stations.
Relative to 5 neighbouring stations, the station's annual mean temperature from 1949 ran 0.4 C (0.6 F) higher than in the years before (likely change).
Relative to 5 neighbouring stations, the station's annual mean temperature from 1974 ran 0.2 C (0.4 F) lower than in the years before (possible change).
Suspected changes in the annual mean temperature at Powell River, against neighbouring stations
Year
Shift (C)
Shift (F)
Strength
Neighbours
1949
+0.4
+0.6
likely
5
1974
-0.2
-0.4
possible
5
Possible change at the station (a move, a new instrument or a new site); the record is kept as measured. A "likely" change has a larger test statistic than a "possible" one. Neither says why the station differs from its neighbours. How changes are found, and the largest ones.
Download the Data
Data for Powell River standing records by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Data for Powell River threshold days by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-14 (14 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.