Anfa Weather Records (MOM00060155)

Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Anfa (MOM00060155), Morocco, with 69 years of record.

Key Facts for Anfa

Anfa (MOM00060155) is a weather station in Morocco at 33.56 latitude and -7.66 longitude, 62 m (203 ft) above sea level.
The station reports from 1957 to 2025, 69 years of record.
1,464 records set at Anfa still stand.
Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
Anfa tied a daily record precipitation of 0.5 mm (0.02 in) on 24 August 2025.

About the Station

Location: Morocco, 33.56 latitude, -7.66 longitude.
Elevation: 62 m (203 ft).
Period of record: 1957 to 2025, 69 years.
Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp.

Daily Record Envelope and 2026

8 days at or beyond a record

The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Anfa. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 8 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius.

Daily record high and record low at Anfa, with 2026 drawn through them
Month	Highest record high	Lowest record low	2026 highest maximum	2026 lowest minimum
Jan	29.8 C (85.6 F)	-1.0 C (30.2 F)	25.7 C (78.3 F)	8.8 C (47.8 F)
Feb	29.4 C (84.9 F)	2.0 C (35.6 F)	27.7 C (81.9 F)	9.8 C (49.6 F)
Mar	31.2 C (88.2 F)	4.0 C (39.2 F)	25.4 C (77.7 F)	9.9 C (49.8 F)
Apr	32.3 C (90.1 F)	2.0 C (35.6 F)	27.4 C (81.3 F)	12.8 C (55.0 F)
May	33.4 C (92.1 F)	7.0 C (44.6 F)	32.0 C (89.6 F)	13.7 C (56.7 F)
Jun	34.0 C (93.2 F)	10.0 C (50.0 F)	34.0 C (93.2 F)	17.6 C (63.7 F)
Jul	36.0 C (96.8 F)	12.0 C (53.6 F)	31.9 C (89.4 F)	20.5 C (68.9 F)
Aug	35.4 C (95.7 F)	12.0 C (53.6 F)	34.5 C (94.1 F)	20.7 C (69.3 F)
Sep	35.0 C (95.0 F)	10.0 C (50.0 F)	n/a	n/a
Oct	35.7 C (96.3 F)	6.0 C (42.8 F)	n/a	n/a
Nov	33.3 C (91.9 F)	0.0 C (32.0 F)	n/a	n/a
Dec	30.3 C (86.5 F)	-2.3 C (27.9 F)	n/a	n/a

Which Years Hold Standing Records

1,464 standing records

1,464 records at Anfa still stand. 1974 holds the most, with 76.

Standing records at Anfa by the year they were set
Year set	Standing records
1957	23
1958	49
1959	19
1960	9
1961	10
1962	13
1964	9
1965	40
1966	29
1967	24
1973	43
1974	76
1975	52
1976	32
1977	68
1978	33
1979	23
1980	29
1981	30
1982	28
1983	33
1984	43
1985	35
1986	17
1987	20
1988	18
1989	27
1990	11
1991	29
1992	19
1993	14
1994	14
1995	27
1996	20
1997	16
1998	16
1999	8
2000	15
2001	16
2002	9
2003	20
2004	16
2005	21
2006	19
2007	6
2008	9
2009	16
2010	23
2011	12
2012	19
2013	6
2014	14
2015	17
2016	22
2017	38
2018	13
2019	10
2020	16
2021	9
2022	25
2023	26
2024	40
2025	21

All-Time Record Progression

2 new records

2 all-time records were set at Anfa between 19 December 1998 and 18 July 2006. Each dot is a new record.

When Anfa set new all-time records
Date	Kind	Detail
1998-12-19	Record low minimum temperature	Record low minimum temperature -2.3 C (27.9 F)
2006-07-18	Record high maximum temperature	Record high maximum temperature 36.0 C (96.8 F)

Wettest Day of Each Month

Nov: 170.9 mm (6.7 in)

The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Anfa. The most was 170.9 mm (6.7 in) on 16 November 1990.

Record daily precipitation for each month at Anfa
Month	Record daily precipitation (mm)	Date
Jan	80.0 mm (3.1 in)	16 January 1975
Feb	49.0 mm (1.9 in)	20 February 1991
Mar	34.0 mm (1.3 in)	25 March 2015
Apr	77.0 mm (3.0 in)	14 April 2002
May	36.8 mm (1.4 in)	27 May 2000
Jun	11.9 mm (0.5 in)	15 June 1992
Jul	81.0 mm (3.2 in)	23 July 1994
Aug	30.0 mm (1.2 in)	5 August 1973
Sep	35.1 mm (1.4 in)	12 September 2009
Oct	46.0 mm (1.8 in)	30 October 2012
Nov	170.9 mm (6.7 in)	16 November 1990
Dec	72.9 mm (2.9 in)	19 December 1996

Period of Record Coverage

1957 to 2025

63 years of record at Anfa, 1957 to 2025. 53 years have data for under 90 percent of days and are left out of rankings: 1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1966 and others.

Days with data per year at Anfa
Year	Days with data	Share of year	Complete
1957	243	67%	No
1958	364	100%	Yes
1959	229	63%	No
1960	166	45%	No
1961	170	47%	No
1962	162	44%	No
1964	68	19%	No
1965	319	87%	No
1966	301	82%	No
1967	337	92%	Yes
1973	300	82%	No
1974	330	90%	Yes
1975	334	92%	Yes
1976	316	86%	No
1977	315	86%	No
1978	306	84%	No
1979	324	89%	No
1980	337	92%	Yes
1981	314	86%	No
1982	318	87%	No
1983	332	91%	Yes
1984	317	87%	No
1985	285	78%	No
1986	307	84%	No
1987	304	83%	No
1988	332	91%	Yes
1989	304	83%	No
1990	333	91%	Yes
1991	305	84%	No
1992	322	88%	No
1993	329	90%	Yes
1994	340	93%	Yes
1995	328	90%	No
1996	272	74%	No
1997	258	71%	No
1998	269	74%	No
1999	257	70%	No
2000	260	71%	No
2001	275	75%	No
2002	279	76%	No
2003	231	63%	No
2004	279	76%	No
2005	306	84%	No
2006	272	75%	No
2007	308	84%	No
2008	296	81%	No
2009	217	59%	No
2010	283	78%	No
2011	246	67%	No
2012	279	76%	No
2013	298	82%	No
2014	288	79%	No
2015	277	76%	No
2016	284	78%	No
2017	261	72%	No
2018	295	81%	No
2019	293	80%	No
2020	275	75%	No
2021	282	77%	No
2022	283	78%	No
2023	256	70%	No
2024	276	75%	No
2025	194	53%	No

Latest Records

Latest records at Anfa
Date	Station	Record	Value	Beat old record by	Old record stood	Significance
24 August 2025	Anfa, MA	daily rain (Tie)	0.5 mm (0.02 in)	tie	28 years	3 of 100 (Routine)
18 August 2025	Anfa, MA	daily high min	23.9 C (75.0 F)	1.7 C (3.1 F)	68 years	35 of 100 (Notable)
16 August 2025	Anfa, MA	daily high min	23.5 C (74.3 F)	0.5 C (0.9 F)	51 years	23 of 100 (Routine)
13 August 2025	Anfa, MA	daily high min	22.9 C (73.2 F)	0.1 C (0.2 F)	16 years	10 of 100 (Routine)
11 August 2025	Anfa, MA	daily high max	33.3 C (91.9 F)	0.9 C (1.6 F)	2 years	10 of 100 (Routine)
10 August 2025	Anfa, MA	daily rain	0.3 mm (0.01 in)	0.3 mm (0.01 in)	52 years	20 of 100 (Routine)
6 August 2025	Anfa, MA	daily high min	23.7 C (74.7 F)	0.2 C (0.4 F)	35 years	17 of 100 (Routine)
3 August 2025	Anfa, MA	daily high min	23.5 C (74.3 F)	0.7 C (1.3 F)	3 years	9 of 100 (Routine)
2 July 2025	Anfa, MA	daily high min	22.7 C (72.9 F)	0.3 C (0.5 F)	2 years	7 of 100 (Routine)
30 June 2025	Anfa, MA	daily high min	24.9 C (76.8 F)	1.9 C (3.4 F)	20 years	21 of 100 (Routine)
29 June 2025	Anfa, MA	daily high min	25.8 C (78.4 F)	3.3 C (5.9 F)	20 years	27 of 100 (Routine)
28 June 2025	Anfa, MA	monthly high min	26.4 C (79.5 F)	0.9 C (1.6 F)	0 years	20 of 100 (Routine)
27 June 2025	Anfa, MA	daily high min (Tie)	21.6 C (70.9 F)	tie	14 years	2 of 100 (Routine)
23 June 2025	Anfa, MA	daily high min (Tie)	21.0 C (69.8 F)	tie	4 years	1 of 100 (Routine)
19 June 2025	Anfa, MA	monthly high max	34.0 C (93.2 F)	0.8 C (1.4 F)	7 years	21 of 100 (Routine)
19 June 2025	Anfa, MA	monthly high min	25.5 C (77.9 F)	0.1 C (0.2 F)	12 years	19 of 100 (Routine)
18 June 2025	Anfa, MA	daily high min	21.9 C (71.4 F)	0.9 C (1.6 F)	51 years	25 of 100 (Routine)
29 May 2025	Anfa, MA	monthly high min	24.1 C (75.4 F)	1.6 C (2.9 F)	33 years	31 of 100 (Routine)
28 May 2025	Anfa, MA	daily high max	32.0 C (89.6 F)	5.0 C (9.0 F)	22 years	32 of 100 (Routine)
29 April 2025	Anfa, MA	daily high min	17.4 C (63.3 F)	0.2 C (0.4 F)	8 years	8 of 100 (Routine)

Climate Trend

16 complete years, 1958 to 1995

One stripe for each of 16 complete years at Anfa, 1958 to 1995. Blue stripes are years cooler than the station's own mean of 17.6 C (63.6 F); red stripes are warmer. The coolest year was 1974, at 16.3 C (61.3 F), and the warmest was 1995, at 18.8 C (65.9 F). The strongest colour marks a difference of 1.3 C (2.3 F).

Annual mean temperature at Anfa as warming stripes, 1958 to 1995
Year	Annual mean temperature	Difference from the station mean
1958	17.9 C	+0.34 C
1965	17.5 C	-0.03 C
1974	16.3 C	-1.27 C
1975	16.9 C	-0.64 C
1976	17.0 C	-0.57 C
1977	17.1 C	-0.46 C
1979	17.0 C	-0.51 C
1980	17.4 C	-0.17 C
1983	17.8 C	+0.25 C
1987	18.3 C	+0.74 C
1988	17.9 C	+0.33 C
1990	18.1 C	+0.59 C
1992	17.7 C	+0.13 C
1993	17.4 C	-0.12 C
1994	17.7 C	+0.16 C
1995	18.8 C	+1.28 C

This station does not have enough complete years (30 are needed) to fit a temperature trend.

A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.

Extremes by Year

1957 to 2025

Yearly extremes at Anfa: the record and the median year
Measure	Record	Year of the record	Median year	Years with a value
Hottest day (TXx)	36.0 C (96.8 F)	2006	33.7 C (92.7 F)	63
Coldest night (TNn)	-2.3 C (27.9 F)	1998	3.9 C (39.0 F)	63
Wettest day (Rx1day)	170.9 mm (6.7 in)	1990	34.0 mm (1.3 in)	53
Wettest five days (Rx5day)	191.5 mm (7.5 in)	2021	69.3 mm (2.7 in)	53
Longest dry spell (CDD)	141 days	1983	42 days	53

Hottest day (TXx)

The hottest day of the year at Anfa, 1957 to 2025. The record is 36.0 C (96.8 F) in 2006, marked on the chart; the median year is 33.7 C (92.7 F).

Hottest day (TXx) at Anfa by year
Year	Hottest day (TXx)
1957	33.9 C (93.0 F)
1958	32.2 C (90.0 F)
1959	31.1 C (88.0 F)
1960	33.9 C (93.0 F)
1961	33.9 C (93.0 F)
1962	33.9 C (93.0 F)
1964	32.8 C (91.0 F)
1965	32.8 C (91.0 F)
1966	35.0 C (95.0 F)
1967	33.9 C (93.0 F)
1973	32.0 C (89.6 F)
1974	34.0 C (93.2 F)
1975	35.0 C (95.0 F)
1976	32.0 C (89.6 F)
1977	33.0 C (91.4 F)
1978	33.0 C (91.4 F)
1979	33.0 C (91.4 F)
1980	34.0 C (93.2 F)
1981	33.0 C (91.4 F)
1982	34.6 C (94.3 F)
1983	32.3 C (90.1 F)
1984	34.4 C (93.9 F)
1985	35.2 C (95.4 F)
1986	30.8 C (87.4 F)
1987	33.3 C (91.9 F)
1988	33.0 C (91.4 F)
1989	35.7 C (96.3 F)
1990	34.7 C (94.5 F)
1991	35.5 C (95.9 F)
1992	35.4 C (95.7 F)
1993	33.2 C (91.8 F)
1994	33.0 C (91.4 F)
1995	34.2 C (93.6 F)
1996	30.5 C (86.9 F)
1997	31.5 C (88.7 F)
1998	35.4 C (95.7 F)
1999	29.2 C (84.6 F)
2000	32.0 C (89.6 F)
2001	34.8 C (94.6 F)
2002	32.0 C (89.6 F)
2003	31.6 C (88.9 F)
2004	33.0 C (91.4 F)
2005	34.5 C (94.1 F)
2006	36.0 C (96.8 F)
2007	32.4 C (90.3 F)
2008	30.0 C (86.0 F)
2009	33.0 C (91.4 F)
2010	34.8 C (94.6 F)
2011	32.0 C (89.6 F)
2012	33.3 C (91.9 F)
2013	34.0 C (93.2 F)
2014	35.4 C (95.7 F)
2015	33.6 C (92.5 F)
2016	33.7 C (92.7 F)
2017	34.8 C (94.6 F)
2018	34.5 C (94.1 F)
2019	31.9 C (89.4 F)
2020	33.6 C (92.5 F)
2021	34.0 C (93.2 F)
2022	35.4 C (95.7 F)
2023	35.3 C (95.5 F)
2024	33.9 C (93.0 F)
2025	34.5 C (94.1 F)

Coldest night (TNn)

The coldest night of the year at Anfa, 1957 to 2025. The record is -2.3 C (27.9 F) in 1998, marked on the chart; the median year is 3.9 C (39.0 F).

Coldest night (TNn) at Anfa by year
Year	Coldest night (TNn)
1957	3.9 C (39.0 F)
1958	2.8 C (37.0 F)
1959	6.1 C (43.0 F)
1960	3.9 C (39.0 F)
1961	7.2 C (45.0 F)
1962	5.0 C (41.0 F)
1964	2.8 C (37.0 F)
1965	2.2 C (36.0 F)
1966	2.2 C (36.0 F)
1967	3.9 C (39.0 F)
1973	3.0 C (37.4 F)
1974	2.0 C (35.6 F)
1975	2.0 C (35.6 F)
1976	0.0 C (32.0 F)
1977	4.0 C (39.2 F)
1978	2.0 C (35.6 F)
1979	0.0 C (32.0 F)
1980	1.0 C (33.8 F)
1981	1.0 C (33.8 F)
1982	3.9 C (39.0 F)
1983	2.0 C (35.6 F)
1984	2.3 C (36.1 F)
1985	0.1 C (32.2 F)
1986	3.0 C (37.4 F)
1987	3.8 C (38.8 F)
1988	3.2 C (37.8 F)
1989	3.7 C (38.7 F)
1990	4.6 C (40.3 F)
1991	3.8 C (38.8 F)
1992	3.0 C (37.4 F)
1993	4.5 C (40.1 F)
1994	4.5 C (40.1 F)
1995	4.2 C (39.6 F)
1996	3.5 C (38.3 F)
1997	7.3 C (45.1 F)
1998	-2.3 C (27.9 F)
1999	3.2 C (37.8 F)
2000	3.9 C (39.0 F)
2001	5.5 C (41.9 F)
2002	6.6 C (43.9 F)
2003	4.3 C (39.7 F)
2004	4.3 C (39.7 F)
2005	-1.0 C (30.2 F)
2006	5.8 C (42.4 F)
2007	5.6 C (42.1 F)
2008	7.0 C (44.6 F)
2009	4.6 C (40.3 F)
2010	7.5 C (45.5 F)
2011	6.0 C (42.8 F)
2012	3.8 C (38.8 F)
2013	5.8 C (42.4 F)
2014	5.4 C (41.7 F)
2015	5.4 C (41.7 F)
2016	5.0 C (41.0 F)
2017	4.5 C (40.1 F)
2018	4.6 C (40.3 F)
2019	2.1 C (35.8 F)
2020	5.8 C (42.4 F)
2021	4.5 C (40.1 F)
2022	5.6 C (42.1 F)
2023	5.0 C (41.0 F)
2024	7.8 C (46.0 F)
2025	8.8 C (47.8 F)

Wettest day (Rx1day)

The wettest day of the year at Anfa, 1957 to 2025. The record is 170.9 mm (6.7 in) in 1990, marked on the chart; the median year is 34.0 mm (1.3 in).

Wettest day (Rx1day) at Anfa by year
Year	Wettest day (Rx1day)
1957	n/a
1958	n/a
1959	n/a
1960	n/a
1961	n/a
1962	n/a
1964	n/a
1965	n/a
1966	n/a
1967	n/a
1973	42.9 mm (1.7 in)
1974	21.1 mm (0.8 in)
1975	80.0 mm (3.1 in)
1976	33.0 mm (1.3 in)
1977	22.1 mm (0.9 in)
1978	50.0 mm (2.0 in)
1979	37.1 mm (1.5 in)
1980	31.0 mm (1.2 in)
1981	8.9 mm (0.35 in)
1982	24.9 mm (1.0 in)
1983	27.9 mm (1.1 in)
1984	48.0 mm (1.9 in)
1985	24.9 mm (1.0 in)
1986	34.0 mm (1.3 in)
1987	61.0 mm (2.4 in)
1988	36.1 mm (1.4 in)
1989	23.1 mm (0.9 in)
1990	170.9 mm (6.7 in)
1991	49.0 mm (1.9 in)
1992	27.9 mm (1.1 in)
1993	95.0 mm (3.7 in)
1994	81.0 mm (3.2 in)
1995	29.0 mm (1.1 in)
1996	74.9 mm (2.9 in)
1997	27.9 mm (1.1 in)
1998	25.9 mm (1.0 in)
1999	23.1 mm (0.9 in)
2000	36.8 mm (1.4 in)
2001	25.9 mm (1.0 in)
2002	77.0 mm (3.0 in)
2003	25.9 mm (1.0 in)
2004	38.1 mm (1.5 in)
2005	24.9 mm (1.0 in)
2006	31.0 mm (1.2 in)
2007	49.0 mm (1.9 in)
2008	27.9 mm (1.1 in)
2009	40.9 mm (1.6 in)
2010	40.9 mm (1.6 in)
2011	26.9 mm (1.1 in)
2012	46.0 mm (1.8 in)
2013	21.1 mm (0.8 in)
2014	41.9 mm (1.6 in)
2015	34.0 mm (1.3 in)
2016	24.9 mm (1.0 in)
2017	41.9 mm (1.6 in)
2018	34.0 mm (1.3 in)
2019	42.9 mm (1.7 in)
2020	44.7 mm (1.8 in)
2021	79.0 mm (3.1 in)
2022	46.2 mm (1.8 in)
2023	24.1 mm (0.9 in)
2024	16.5 mm (0.6 in)
2025	26.2 mm (1.0 in)

Wettest five days (Rx5day)

The wettest five days of the year at Anfa, 1957 to 2025. The record is 191.5 mm (7.5 in) in 2021, marked on the chart; the median year is 69.3 mm (2.7 in).

Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Anfa by year
Year	Wettest five days (Rx5day)
1957	n/a
1958	n/a
1959	n/a
1960	n/a
1961	n/a
1962	n/a
1964	n/a
1965	n/a
1966	n/a
1967	n/a
1973	86.8 mm (3.4 in)
1974	62.0 mm (2.4 in)
1975	80.5 mm (3.2 in)
1976	74.9 mm (2.9 in)
1977	50.0 mm (2.0 in)
1978	71.6 mm (2.8 in)
1979	71.2 mm (2.8 in)
1980	55.2 mm (2.2 in)
1981	19.1 mm (0.8 in)
1982	46.9 mm (1.8 in)
1983	70.8 mm (2.8 in)
1984	87.4 mm (3.4 in)
1985	29.2 mm (1.1 in)
1986	72.7 mm (2.9 in)
1987	66.3 mm (2.6 in)
1988	97.1 mm (3.8 in)
1989	49.2 mm (1.9 in)
1990	54.8 mm (2.2 in)
1991	116.1 mm (4.6 in)
1992	49.1 mm (1.9 in)
1993	153.1 mm (6.0 in)
1994	81.0 mm (3.2 in)
1995	42.1 mm (1.7 in)
1996	172.9 mm (6.8 in)
1997	66.0 mm (2.6 in)
1998	44.2 mm (1.7 in)
1999	41.1 mm (1.6 in)
2000	69.3 mm (2.7 in)
2001	53.3 mm (2.1 in)
2002	161.0 mm (6.3 in)
2003	40.3 mm (1.6 in)
2004	69.9 mm (2.8 in)
2005	38.2 mm (1.5 in)
2006	54.1 mm (2.1 in)
2007	97.0 mm (3.8 in)
2008	53.8 mm (2.1 in)
2009	110.9 mm (4.4 in)
2010	79.0 mm (3.1 in)
2011	70.7 mm (2.8 in)
2012	95.3 mm (3.8 in)
2013	38.4 mm (1.5 in)
2014	102.7 mm (4.0 in)
2015	68.3 mm (2.7 in)
2016	84.2 mm (3.3 in)
2017	57.2 mm (2.3 in)
2018	88.4 mm (3.5 in)
2019	46.9 mm (1.8 in)
2020	50.3 mm (2.0 in)
2021	191.5 mm (7.5 in)
2022	89.6 mm (3.5 in)
2023	30.2 mm (1.2 in)
2024	36.3 mm (1.4 in)
2025	74.8 mm (2.9 in)

Longest dry spell (CDD)

The longest dry spell of the year at Anfa, 1957 to 2025. The record is 141 days in 1983, marked on the chart; the median year is 42 days.

Longest dry spell (CDD) at Anfa by year
Year	Longest dry spell (CDD)
1957	n/a
1958	n/a
1959	n/a
1960	n/a
1961	n/a
1962	n/a
1964	n/a
1965	n/a
1966	n/a
1967	n/a
1973	42 days
1974	32 days
1975	6 days
1976	19 days
1977	34 days
1978	46 days
1979	38 days
1980	35 days
1981	70 days
1982	83 days
1983	141 days
1984	92 days
1985	67 days
1986	79 days
1987	53 days
1988	56 days
1989	30 days
1990	75 days
1991	44 days
1992	96 days
1993	94 days
1994	48 days
1995	66 days
1996	71 days
1997	77 days
1998	69 days
1999	13 days
2000	9 days
2001	6 days
2002	22 days
2003	37 days
2004	68 days
2005	30 days
2006	3 days
2007	3 days
2008	3 days
2009	3 days
2010	2 days
2011	4 days
2012	2 days
2013	2 days
2014	2 days
2015	2 days
2016	5 days
2017	2 days
2018	4 days
2019	118 days
2020	100 days
2021	135 days
2022	118 days
2023	45 days
2024	58 days
2025	82 days

Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.

Download the Data

Data for Anfa standing records by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Data for Anfa threshold days by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.

Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-16 (16 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.

Data as of 2025-12-31. Last revised 31 December 2025 (2025-12-31).