Nogliki Weather Records (RSM00032053)
Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Nogliki (RSM00032053), Russia, with 97 years of record.
Key Facts for Nogliki
- Nogliki (RSM00032053) is a weather station in Russia at 51.92 latitude and 143.13 longitude, 35 m (115 ft) above sea level.
- The station reports from 1929 to 2025, 97 years of record.
- 1,464 records set at Nogliki still stand.
- Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
- Nogliki set a daily record precipitation of 32.0 mm (1.3 in) on 16 August 2025.
About the Station
- Location: Russia, 51.92 latitude, 143.13 longitude.
- Elevation: 35 m (115 ft).
- Period of record: 1929 to 2025, 97 years.
- Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp.
Daily Record Envelope and 2026
4 days at or beyond a record| Month | Highest record high | Lowest record low | 2026 highest maximum | 2026 lowest minimum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 0.9 C (33.6 F) | -47.9 C (-54.2 F) | -1.9 C (28.6 F) | -27.0 C (-16.6 F) |
| Feb | 3.5 C (38.3 F) | -43.9 C (-47.0 F) | -1.1 C (30.0 F) | -25.6 C (-14.1 F) |
| Mar | 13.0 C (55.4 F) | -39.5 C (-39.1 F) | 1.7 C (35.1 F) | -26.2 C (-15.2 F) |
| Apr | 21.4 C (70.5 F) | -27.5 C (-17.5 F) | 15.9 C (60.6 F) | -11.1 C (12.0 F) |
| May | 30.6 C (87.1 F) | -10.4 C (13.3 F) | 18.9 C (66.0 F) | -2.5 C (27.5 F) |
| Jun | 32.8 C (91.0 F) | -4.7 C (23.5 F) | 30.2 C (86.4 F) | 1.8 C (35.2 F) |
| Jul | 34.9 C (94.8 F) | -1.2 C (29.8 F) | 32.2 C (90.0 F) | 8.3 C (46.9 F) |
| Aug | 36.6 C (97.9 F) | -0.8 C (30.6 F) | 29.4 C (84.9 F) | 7.9 C (46.2 F) |
| Sep | 28.8 C (83.8 F) | -4.6 C (23.7 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Oct | 23.3 C (73.9 F) | -19.9 C (-3.8 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Nov | 12.2 C (54.0 F) | -33.7 C (-28.7 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Dec | 7.0 C (44.6 F) | -42.2 C (-44.0 F) | n/a | n/a |
Which Years Hold Standing Records
1,464 standing records| Year set | Standing records |
|---|---|
| 1929 | 6 |
| 1930 | 29 |
| 1931 | 59 |
| 1932 | 24 |
| 1933 | 27 |
| 1934 | 14 |
| 1935 | 14 |
| 1936 | 10 |
| 1937 | 16 |
| 1938 | 22 |
| 1939 | 16 |
| 1940 | 23 |
| 1941 | 15 |
| 1942 | 30 |
| 1943 | 16 |
| 1944 | 14 |
| 1945 | 28 |
| 1946 | 12 |
| 1947 | 19 |
| 1948 | 22 |
| 1949 | 8 |
| 1950 | 20 |
| 1951 | 11 |
| 1952 | 30 |
| 1953 | 9 |
| 1954 | 10 |
| 1955 | 18 |
| 1956 | 12 |
| 1957 | 19 |
| 1958 | 30 |
| 1959 | 20 |
| 1960 | 15 |
| 1961 | 14 |
| 1962 | 10 |
| 1963 | 15 |
| 1964 | 17 |
| 1965 | 19 |
| 1966 | 17 |
| 1967 | 21 |
| 1968 | 23 |
| 1969 | 27 |
| 1970 | 16 |
| 1971 | 9 |
| 1972 | 13 |
| 1973 | 8 |
| 1974 | 4 |
| 1975 | 20 |
| 1976 | 9 |
| 1977 | 8 |
| 1978 | 9 |
| 1979 | 14 |
| 1980 | 18 |
| 1981 | 9 |
| 1982 | 15 |
| 1983 | 9 |
| 1984 | 10 |
| 1985 | 9 |
| 1986 | 5 |
| 1987 | 11 |
| 1988 | 10 |
| 1989 | 12 |
| 1990 | 21 |
| 1991 | 12 |
| 1992 | 9 |
| 1993 | 15 |
| 1994 | 11 |
| 1995 | 22 |
| 1996 | 7 |
| 1997 | 11 |
| 1998 | 10 |
| 1999 | 15 |
| 2000 | 11 |
| 2001 | 15 |
| 2002 | 12 |
| 2003 | 8 |
| 2004 | 2 |
| 2005 | 17 |
| 2006 | 9 |
| 2007 | 3 |
| 2008 | 17 |
| 2009 | 12 |
| 2010 | 21 |
| 2011 | 10 |
| 2012 | 19 |
| 2013 | 18 |
| 2014 | 16 |
| 2015 | 18 |
| 2016 | 5 |
| 2017 | 10 |
| 2018 | 15 |
| 2019 | 8 |
| 2020 | 6 |
| 2021 | 26 |
| 2022 | 12 |
| 2023 | 17 |
| 2024 | 12 |
| 2025 | 13 |
All-Time Record Progression
4 new records| Date | Kind | Detail |
|---|---|---|
| 1965-09-19 | Record daily precipitation | Record daily precipitation 87.0 mm (3.4 in) |
| 1993-08-29 | Record daily precipitation | Record daily precipitation 87.1 mm (3.4 in) |
| 2004-09-01 | Record daily precipitation | Record daily precipitation 125.2 mm (4.9 in) |
| 2005-08-13 | Record high minimum temperature | Record high minimum temperature 22.6 C (72.7 F) |
Wettest Day of Each Month
Sep: 125.2 mm (4.9 in)| Month | Record daily precipitation (mm) | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 27.8 mm (1.1 in) | 31 January 2005 |
| Feb | 31.8 mm (1.3 in) | 14 February 2008 |
| Mar | 28.5 mm (1.1 in) | 15 March 2009 |
| Apr | 54.1 mm (2.1 in) | 27 April 2022 |
| May | 102.1 mm (4.0 in) | 31 May 2022 |
| Jun | 46.3 mm (1.8 in) | 22 June 1948 |
| Jul | 78.0 mm (3.1 in) | 14 July 1995 |
| Aug | 87.1 mm (3.4 in) | 29 August 1993 |
| Sep | 125.2 mm (4.9 in) | 1 September 2004 |
| Oct | 87.0 mm (3.4 in) | 7 October 1977 |
| Nov | 32.2 mm (1.3 in) | 8 November 2005 |
| Dec | 38.3 mm (1.5 in) | 26 December 2017 |
Period of Record Coverage
1929 to 2025| Year | Days with data | Share of year | Complete |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1929 | 56 | 15% | No |
| 1930 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 1931 | 334 | 92% | Yes |
| 1932 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1933 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1934 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1935 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1936 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1937 | 356 | 98% | Yes |
| 1938 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1939 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1940 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1941 | 333 | 91% | Yes |
| 1942 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1943 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1944 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1945 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1946 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1947 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1948 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1949 | 77 | 21% | No |
| 1950 | 83 | 23% | No |
| 1951 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1952 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1953 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1954 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1955 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1956 | 358 | 98% | Yes |
| 1957 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1958 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1959 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1960 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1961 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1962 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1963 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1964 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1965 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1966 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 1967 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 1968 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1969 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 1970 | 356 | 98% | Yes |
| 1971 | 358 | 98% | Yes |
| 1972 | 359 | 98% | Yes |
| 1973 | 297 | 81% | No |
| 1974 | 271 | 74% | No |
| 1975 | 360 | 99% | Yes |
| 1976 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1977 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1978 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1979 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1980 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1981 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1982 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1983 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1984 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1985 | 347 | 95% | Yes |
| 1986 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1987 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1988 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1989 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1990 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1991 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1992 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1993 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1994 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1995 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1996 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1997 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1998 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1999 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2000 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 2001 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2002 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2003 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2004 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 2005 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2006 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2007 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2008 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 2009 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2010 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2011 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2012 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 2013 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2014 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2015 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2016 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 2017 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2018 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2019 | 350 | 96% | Yes |
| 2020 | 346 | 95% | Yes |
| 2021 | 323 | 88% | No |
| 2022 | 328 | 90% | No |
| 2023 | 343 | 94% | Yes |
| 2024 | 327 | 89% | No |
| 2025 | 215 | 59% | No |
Latest Records
20| Date | Station | Record | Value | Beat old record by | Old record stood | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 August 2025 | Nogliki, RU | daily rain | 32.0 mm (1.3 in) | 0.8 mm (0.03 in) | 24 years | 16 of 100 (Routine) |
| 1 August 2025 | Nogliki, RU | daily high min | 18.1 C (64.6 F) | 2.0 C (3.6 F) | 44 years | 28 of 100 (Routine) |
| 28 July 2025 | Nogliki, RU | daily rain | 43.9 mm (1.7 in) | 18.9 mm (0.7 in) | 52 years | 47 of 100 (Notable) |
| 22 July 2025 | Nogliki, RU | daily high max | 32.2 C (90.0 F) | 2.8 C (5.0 F) | 4 years | 14 of 100 (Routine) |
| 21 July 2025 | Nogliki, RU | daily high min | 19.9 C (67.8 F) | 1.4 C (2.5 F) | 35 years | 23 of 100 (Routine) |
| 3 July 2025 | Nogliki, RU | daily high min | 18.3 C (64.9 F) | 1.7 C (3.1 F) | 0 years | 13 of 100 (Routine) |
| 24 June 2025 | Nogliki, RU | daily high min | 16.8 C (62.2 F) | 3.6 C (6.5 F) | 32 years | 28 of 100 (Routine) |
| 24 June 2025 | Nogliki, RU | daily high max | 30.2 C (86.4 F) | 0.7 C (1.3 F) | 19 years | 15 of 100 (Routine) |
| 20 June 2025 | Nogliki, RU | daily high min | 14.0 C (57.2 F) | 1.5 C (2.7 F) | 31 years | 22 of 100 (Routine) |
| 13 June 2025 | Nogliki, RU | daily high min | 12.1 C (53.8 F) | 0.6 C (1.1 F) | 3 years | 10 of 100 (Routine) |
| 10 May 2025 | Nogliki, RU | daily rain | 14.0 mm (0.6 in) | 2.7 mm (0.11 in) | 36 years | 20 of 100 (Routine) |
| 14 April 2025 | Nogliki, RU | daily high max | 14.0 C (57.2 F) | 0.4 C (0.7 F) | 16 years | 14 of 100 (Routine) |
| 13 April 2025 | Nogliki, RU | daily high max | 15.9 C (60.6 F) | 2.1 C (3.8 F) | 0 years | 13 of 100 (Routine) |
| 7 April 2025 | Nogliki, RU | daily high min | -0.2 C (31.6 F) | 0.3 C (0.5 F) | 0 years | 9 of 100 (Routine) |
| 18 February 2025 | Nogliki, RU | daily high min | -9.6 C (14.7 F) | 0.8 C (1.4 F) | 30 years | 19 of 100 (Routine) |
| 8 January 2025 | Nogliki, RU | daily rain | 20.1 mm (0.8 in) | 3.4 mm (0.13 in) | 25 years | 20 of 100 (Routine) |
| 8 January 2025 | Nogliki, RU | daily high min | -2.6 C (27.3 F) | 3.7 C (6.7 F) | 34 years | 23 of 100 (Routine) |
| 28 November 2024 | Nogliki, RU | daily high min | -0.2 C (31.6 F) | 1.5 C (2.7 F) | 61 years | 29 of 100 (Routine) |
| 19 October 2024 | Nogliki, RU | daily rain | 28.2 mm (1.1 in) | 0.3 mm (0.01 in) | 75 years | 31 of 100 (Routine) |
| 15 October 2024 | Nogliki, RU | daily high max | 20.0 C (68.0 F) | 0.7 C (1.3 F) | 81 years | 34 of 100 (Routine) |
Climate Trend
86 complete years, 1930 to 2024| Year | Annual mean temperature | Difference from the station mean |
|---|---|---|
| 1930 | -2.1 C | -1.30 C |
| 1932 | -2.5 C | -1.65 C |
| 1933 | -2.0 C | -1.21 C |
| 1934 | -0.7 C | +0.11 C |
| 1935 | -2.2 C | -1.41 C |
| 1936 | -1.0 C | -0.14 C |
| 1937 | -2.0 C | -1.22 C |
| 1938 | -1.3 C | -0.46 C |
| 1939 | -1.3 C | -0.47 C |
| 1940 | -1.6 C | -0.82 C |
| 1942 | -2.5 C | -1.67 C |
| 1943 | -0.2 C | +0.61 C |
| 1944 | -1.6 C | -0.78 C |
| 1945 | -1.2 C | -0.42 C |
| 1946 | -1.5 C | -0.73 C |
| 1947 | -1.8 C | -0.97 C |
| 1948 | -0.2 C | +0.57 C |
| 1952 | -3.3 C | -2.45 C |
| 1953 | -2.2 C | -1.43 C |
| 1954 | -1.1 C | -0.31 C |
| 1955 | -1.1 C | -0.28 C |
| 1956 | -1.6 C | -0.80 C |
| 1957 | -1.3 C | -0.50 C |
| 1958 | -1.9 C | -1.13 C |
| 1959 | -1.7 C | -0.92 C |
| 1960 | -2.0 C | -1.20 C |
| 1961 | -1.1 C | -0.31 C |
| 1962 | -1.5 C | -0.69 C |
| 1963 | -0.5 C | +0.34 C |
| 1964 | -1.5 C | -0.65 C |
| 1965 | -2.2 C | -1.35 C |
| 1966 | -1.6 C | -0.82 C |
| 1967 | -1.4 C | -0.63 C |
| 1968 | 0.2 C | +1.00 C |
| 1969 | -3.0 C | -2.16 C |
| 1970 | -1.6 C | -0.82 C |
| 1971 | -1.6 C | -0.78 C |
| 1972 | -1.2 C | -0.40 C |
| 1975 | 0.1 C | +0.90 C |
| 1976 | -0.5 C | +0.29 C |
| 1977 | -1.3 C | -0.44 C |
| 1978 | -0.9 C | -0.06 C |
| 1979 | -1.3 C | -0.45 C |
| 1980 | -1.1 C | -0.27 C |
| 1981 | -1.1 C | -0.25 C |
| 1982 | -1.2 C | -0.41 C |
| 1983 | -1.0 C | -0.23 C |
| 1984 | -0.6 C | +0.19 C |
| 1986 | -1.1 C | -0.30 C |
| 1987 | -1.9 C | -1.05 C |
| 1988 | -0.4 C | +0.39 C |
| 1989 | 0.7 C | +1.51 C |
| 1990 | 1.0 C | +1.85 C |
| 1991 | -0.6 C | +0.24 C |
| 1992 | -0.5 C | +0.35 C |
| 1993 | -0.4 C | +0.39 C |
| 1994 | -0.4 C | +0.46 C |
| 1995 | 0.7 C | +1.55 C |
| 1996 | -0.5 C | +0.29 C |
| 1997 | 0.4 C | +1.18 C |
| 1998 | -0.5 C | +0.35 C |
| 1999 | -0.4 C | +0.44 C |
| 2000 | -1.0 C | -0.15 C |
| 2001 | -1.3 C | -0.50 C |
| 2002 | 0.0 C | +0.86 C |
| 2003 | -0.2 C | +0.62 C |
| 2004 | -0.2 C | +0.66 C |
| 2005 | 0.4 C | +1.24 C |
| 2006 | -0.5 C | +0.34 C |
| 2007 | -0.3 C | +0.51 C |
| 2008 | 0.6 C | +1.37 C |
| 2009 | 0.3 C | +1.12 C |
| 2010 | 0.0 C | +0.83 C |
| 2011 | 0.6 C | +1.44 C |
| 2012 | 0.6 C | +1.46 C |
| 2013 | 0.9 C | +1.73 C |
| 2014 | 0.7 C | +1.51 C |
| 2015 | 1.1 C | +1.92 C |
| 2016 | -0.7 C | +0.14 C |
| 2017 | 0.4 C | +1.19 C |
| 2018 | -0.3 C | +0.56 C |
| 2019 | -0.2 C | +0.60 C |
| 2020 | 0.0 C | +0.85 C |
| 2022 | 0.6 C | +1.43 C |
| 2023 | 0.0 C | +0.83 C |
| 2024 | 0.0 C | +0.79 C |
The annual mean temperature here has risen by 0.3 C (0.2 to 0.3) per decade over 1930 to 2024. In Fahrenheit: 0.5 F (0.4 to 0.6) per decade. The slope is a straight line fitted to 86 complete years; the brackets give its 95 percent interval.
| Measure | Per decade (C) | Per decade (F) | Period | Complete years | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual mean temperature | 0.3 C (0.2 to 0.3) per decade | 0.5 F (0.4 to 0.6) per decade | 1930 to 2024 | 86 | Rise |
| Mean daily maximum | 0.2 C (0.1 to 0.2) per decade | 0.3 F (0.2 to 0.4) per decade | 1930 to 2024 | 86 | Rise |
| Mean daily minimum | 0.3 C (0.3 to 0.4) per decade | 0.6 F (0.5 to 0.7) per decade | 1930 to 2024 | 86 | Rise |
A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.
Extremes by Year
1929 to 2025| Measure | Record | Year of the record | Median year | Years with a value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hottest day (TXx) | 36.6 C (97.9 F) | 1955 | 30.1 C (86.2 F) | 97 |
| Coldest night (TNn) | -47.9 C (-54.2 F) | 1931 | -36.9 C (-34.4 F) | 97 |
| Wettest day (Rx1day) | 125.2 mm (4.9 in) | 2004 | 39.3 mm (1.5 in) | 96 |
| Wettest five days (Rx5day) | 159.0 mm (6.3 in) | 2004 | 68.2 mm (2.7 in) | 96 |
| Longest dry spell (CDD) | 72 days | 1935 | 23 days | 96 |
Hottest day (TXx)
| Year | Hottest day (TXx) |
|---|---|
| 1929 | 3.6 C (38.5 F) |
| 1930 | 31.1 C (88.0 F) |
| 1931 | 28.1 C (82.6 F) |
| 1932 | 31.1 C (88.0 F) |
| 1933 | 31.4 C (88.5 F) |
| 1934 | 28.1 C (82.6 F) |
| 1935 | 29.3 C (84.7 F) |
| 1936 | 29.0 C (84.2 F) |
| 1937 | 33.6 C (92.5 F) |
| 1938 | 30.5 C (86.9 F) |
| 1939 | 31.2 C (88.2 F) |
| 1940 | 27.5 C (81.5 F) |
| 1941 | 28.7 C (83.7 F) |
| 1942 | 28.3 C (82.9 F) |
| 1943 | 31.3 C (88.3 F) |
| 1944 | 29.7 C (85.5 F) |
| 1945 | 27.8 C (82.0 F) |
| 1946 | 29.5 C (85.1 F) |
| 1947 | 27.6 C (81.7 F) |
| 1948 | 33.5 C (92.3 F) |
| 1949 | -2.1 C (28.2 F) |
| 1950 | 8.6 C (47.5 F) |
| 1951 | 30.4 C (86.7 F) |
| 1952 | 32.8 C (91.0 F) |
| 1953 | 30.2 C (86.4 F) |
| 1954 | 28.9 C (84.0 F) |
| 1955 | 36.6 C (97.9 F) |
| 1956 | 25.3 C (77.5 F) |
| 1957 | 30.8 C (87.4 F) |
| 1958 | 30.2 C (86.4 F) |
| 1959 | 30.4 C (86.7 F) |
| 1960 | 30.4 C (86.7 F) |
| 1961 | 27.6 C (81.7 F) |
| 1962 | 29.9 C (85.8 F) |
| 1963 | 29.8 C (85.6 F) |
| 1964 | 29.4 C (84.9 F) |
| 1965 | 29.5 C (85.1 F) |
| 1966 | 29.2 C (84.6 F) |
| 1967 | 27.7 C (81.9 F) |
| 1968 | 28.8 C (83.8 F) |
| 1969 | 30.7 C (87.3 F) |
| 1970 | 29.7 C (85.5 F) |
| 1971 | 27.1 C (80.8 F) |
| 1972 | 27.0 C (80.6 F) |
| 1973 | 28.0 C (82.4 F) |
| 1974 | 33.4 C (92.1 F) |
| 1975 | 28.7 C (83.7 F) |
| 1976 | 31.4 C (88.5 F) |
| 1977 | 33.2 C (91.8 F) |
| 1978 | 29.8 C (85.6 F) |
| 1979 | 29.6 C (85.3 F) |
| 1980 | 31.9 C (89.4 F) |
| 1981 | 32.5 C (90.5 F) |
| 1982 | 33.3 C (91.9 F) |
| 1983 | 32.2 C (90.0 F) |
| 1984 | 29.0 C (84.2 F) |
| 1985 | 28.0 C (82.4 F) |
| 1986 | 28.6 C (83.5 F) |
| 1987 | 29.0 C (84.2 F) |
| 1988 | 32.8 C (91.0 F) |
| 1989 | 32.5 C (90.5 F) |
| 1990 | 32.2 C (90.0 F) |
| 1991 | 26.7 C (80.1 F) |
| 1992 | 28.8 C (83.8 F) |
| 1993 | 30.5 C (86.9 F) |
| 1994 | 30.1 C (86.2 F) |
| 1995 | 31.7 C (89.1 F) |
| 1996 | 31.6 C (88.9 F) |
| 1997 | 31.4 C (88.5 F) |
| 1998 | 29.3 C (84.7 F) |
| 1999 | 32.3 C (90.1 F) |
| 2000 | 28.7 C (83.7 F) |
| 2001 | 30.7 C (87.3 F) |
| 2002 | 28.6 C (83.5 F) |
| 2003 | 28.6 C (83.5 F) |
| 2004 | 27.7 C (81.9 F) |
| 2005 | 30.0 C (86.0 F) |
| 2006 | 31.3 C (88.3 F) |
| 2007 | 31.1 C (88.0 F) |
| 2008 | 29.9 C (85.8 F) |
| 2009 | 30.3 C (86.5 F) |
| 2010 | 29.2 C (84.6 F) |
| 2011 | 33.6 C (92.5 F) |
| 2012 | 33.4 C (92.1 F) |
| 2013 | 33.6 C (92.5 F) |
| 2014 | 30.1 C (86.2 F) |
| 2015 | 32.6 C (90.7 F) |
| 2016 | 30.6 C (87.1 F) |
| 2017 | 31.9 C (89.4 F) |
| 2018 | 27.5 C (81.5 F) |
| 2019 | 27.5 C (81.5 F) |
| 2020 | 30.3 C (86.5 F) |
| 2021 | 32.4 C (90.3 F) |
| 2022 | 31.5 C (88.7 F) |
| 2023 | 30.0 C (86.0 F) |
| 2024 | 30.2 C (86.4 F) |
| 2025 | 32.2 C (90.0 F) |
Coldest night (TNn)
| Year | Coldest night (TNn) |
|---|---|
| 1929 | -42.2 C (-44.0 F) |
| 1930 | -41.9 C (-43.4 F) |
| 1931 | -47.9 C (-54.2 F) |
| 1932 | -39.4 C (-38.9 F) |
| 1933 | -46.2 C (-51.2 F) |
| 1934 | -34.7 C (-30.5 F) |
| 1935 | -37.6 C (-35.7 F) |
| 1936 | -40.9 C (-41.6 F) |
| 1937 | -38.2 C (-36.8 F) |
| 1938 | -43.3 C (-45.9 F) |
| 1939 | -41.4 C (-42.5 F) |
| 1940 | -38.6 C (-37.5 F) |
| 1941 | -40.5 C (-40.9 F) |
| 1942 | -40.2 C (-40.4 F) |
| 1943 | -36.3 C (-33.3 F) |
| 1944 | -40.1 C (-40.2 F) |
| 1945 | -39.8 C (-39.6 F) |
| 1946 | -38.9 C (-38.0 F) |
| 1947 | -39.6 C (-39.3 F) |
| 1948 | -39.4 C (-38.9 F) |
| 1949 | -40.3 C (-40.5 F) |
| 1950 | -37.1 C (-34.8 F) |
| 1951 | -36.3 C (-33.3 F) |
| 1952 | -40.9 C (-41.6 F) |
| 1953 | -38.6 C (-37.5 F) |
| 1954 | -38.1 C (-36.6 F) |
| 1955 | -37.5 C (-35.5 F) |
| 1956 | -38.4 C (-37.1 F) |
| 1957 | -37.1 C (-34.8 F) |
| 1958 | -39.7 C (-39.5 F) |
| 1959 | -39.7 C (-39.5 F) |
| 1960 | -39.6 C (-39.3 F) |
| 1961 | -38.6 C (-37.5 F) |
| 1962 | -37.0 C (-34.6 F) |
| 1963 | -33.1 C (-27.6 F) |
| 1964 | -35.6 C (-32.1 F) |
| 1965 | -35.3 C (-31.5 F) |
| 1966 | -38.5 C (-37.3 F) |
| 1967 | -38.6 C (-37.5 F) |
| 1968 | -37.5 C (-35.5 F) |
| 1969 | -38.6 C (-37.5 F) |
| 1970 | -34.9 C (-30.8 F) |
| 1971 | -40.1 C (-40.2 F) |
| 1972 | -41.3 C (-42.3 F) |
| 1973 | -30.9 C (-23.6 F) |
| 1974 | -33.8 C (-28.8 F) |
| 1975 | -38.5 C (-37.3 F) |
| 1976 | -30.5 C (-22.9 F) |
| 1977 | -37.1 C (-34.8 F) |
| 1978 | -33.8 C (-28.8 F) |
| 1979 | -34.6 C (-30.3 F) |
| 1980 | -38.9 C (-38.0 F) |
| 1981 | -35.4 C (-31.7 F) |
| 1982 | -39.2 C (-38.6 F) |
| 1983 | -34.8 C (-30.6 F) |
| 1984 | -31.9 C (-25.4 F) |
| 1985 | -34.4 C (-29.9 F) |
| 1986 | -39.8 C (-39.6 F) |
| 1987 | -37.5 C (-35.5 F) |
| 1988 | -31.6 C (-24.9 F) |
| 1989 | -32.1 C (-25.8 F) |
| 1990 | -40.1 C (-40.2 F) |
| 1991 | -32.7 C (-26.9 F) |
| 1992 | -31.6 C (-24.9 F) |
| 1993 | -29.4 C (-20.9 F) |
| 1994 | -39.2 C (-38.6 F) |
| 1995 | -30.5 C (-22.9 F) |
| 1996 | -36.9 C (-34.4 F) |
| 1997 | -32.5 C (-26.5 F) |
| 1998 | -39.3 C (-38.7 F) |
| 1999 | -36.0 C (-32.8 F) |
| 2000 | -32.6 C (-26.7 F) |
| 2001 | -37.2 C (-35.0 F) |
| 2002 | -34.6 C (-30.3 F) |
| 2003 | -33.1 C (-27.6 F) |
| 2004 | -31.7 C (-25.1 F) |
| 2005 | -35.8 C (-32.4 F) |
| 2006 | -34.1 C (-29.4 F) |
| 2007 | -30.3 C (-22.5 F) |
| 2008 | -33.5 C (-28.3 F) |
| 2009 | -31.9 C (-25.4 F) |
| 2010 | -32.7 C (-26.9 F) |
| 2011 | -30.4 C (-22.7 F) |
| 2012 | -32.9 C (-27.2 F) |
| 2013 | -35.4 C (-31.7 F) |
| 2014 | -31.2 C (-24.2 F) |
| 2015 | -30.9 C (-23.6 F) |
| 2016 | -33.7 C (-28.7 F) |
| 2017 | -34.0 C (-29.2 F) |
| 2018 | -34.6 C (-30.3 F) |
| 2019 | -36.9 C (-34.4 F) |
| 2020 | -32.2 C (-26.0 F) |
| 2021 | -35.2 C (-31.4 F) |
| 2022 | -32.7 C (-26.9 F) |
| 2023 | -37.9 C (-36.2 F) |
| 2024 | -36.4 C (-33.5 F) |
| 2025 | -27.0 C (-16.6 F) |
Wettest day (Rx1day)
| Year | Wettest day (Rx1day) |
|---|---|
| 1929 | n/a |
| 1930 | 23.1 mm (0.9 in) |
| 1931 | 33.8 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1932 | 24.6 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1933 | 32.9 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1934 | 25.1 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1935 | 39.0 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1936 | 37.2 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1937 | 24.9 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1938 | 24.4 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1939 | 36.6 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1940 | 42.0 mm (1.7 in) |
| 1941 | 80.0 mm (3.1 in) |
| 1942 | 30.8 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1943 | 38.7 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1944 | 44.0 mm (1.7 in) |
| 1945 | 30.1 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1946 | 81.7 mm (3.2 in) |
| 1947 | 44.8 mm (1.8 in) |
| 1948 | 46.3 mm (1.8 in) |
| 1949 | 55.8 mm (2.2 in) |
| 1950 | 30.9 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1951 | 72.3 mm (2.8 in) |
| 1952 | 41.5 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1953 | 21.1 mm (0.8 in) |
| 1954 | 36.7 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1955 | 31.6 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1956 | 31.7 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1957 | 56.2 mm (2.2 in) |
| 1958 | 53.9 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1959 | 49.7 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1960 | 37.8 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1961 | 75.7 mm (3.0 in) |
| 1962 | 25.3 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1963 | 47.8 mm (1.9 in) |
| 1964 | 35.6 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1965 | 87.0 mm (3.4 in) |
| 1966 | 25.8 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1967 | 39.4 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1968 | 35.7 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1969 | 37.2 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1970 | 39.9 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1971 | 54.3 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1972 | 42.5 mm (1.7 in) |
| 1973 | 45.7 mm (1.8 in) |
| 1974 | 41.5 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1975 | 33.6 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1976 | 34.3 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1977 | 87.0 mm (3.4 in) |
| 1978 | 44.0 mm (1.7 in) |
| 1979 | 62.9 mm (2.5 in) |
| 1980 | 36.4 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1981 | 53.3 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1982 | 38.7 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1983 | 46.9 mm (1.8 in) |
| 1984 | 66.0 mm (2.6 in) |
| 1985 | 36.1 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1986 | 46.9 mm (1.8 in) |
| 1987 | 32.8 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1988 | 37.2 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1989 | 36.7 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1990 | 49.1 mm (1.9 in) |
| 1991 | 31.6 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1992 | 48.6 mm (1.9 in) |
| 1993 | 87.1 mm (3.4 in) |
| 1994 | 61.5 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1995 | 78.0 mm (3.1 in) |
| 1996 | 37.4 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1997 | 48.8 mm (1.9 in) |
| 1998 | 26.6 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1999 | 34.2 mm (1.3 in) |
| 2000 | 51.2 mm (2.0 in) |
| 2001 | 39.1 mm (1.5 in) |
| 2002 | 38.7 mm (1.5 in) |
| 2003 | 31.2 mm (1.2 in) |
| 2004 | 125.2 mm (4.9 in) |
| 2005 | 32.2 mm (1.3 in) |
| 2006 | 50.5 mm (2.0 in) |
| 2007 | 44.3 mm (1.7 in) |
| 2008 | 35.5 mm (1.4 in) |
| 2009 | 64.1 mm (2.5 in) |
| 2010 | 41.4 mm (1.6 in) |
| 2011 | 48.5 mm (1.9 in) |
| 2012 | 26.4 mm (1.0 in) |
| 2013 | 61.3 mm (2.4 in) |
| 2014 | 32.9 mm (1.3 in) |
| 2015 | 65.1 mm (2.6 in) |
| 2016 | 53.9 mm (2.1 in) |
| 2017 | 38.3 mm (1.5 in) |
| 2018 | 35.9 mm (1.4 in) |
| 2019 | 27.9 mm (1.1 in) |
| 2020 | 34.0 mm (1.3 in) |
| 2021 | 31.0 mm (1.2 in) |
| 2022 | 102.1 mm (4.0 in) |
| 2023 | 51.1 mm (2.0 in) |
| 2024 | 54.1 mm (2.1 in) |
| 2025 | 43.9 mm (1.7 in) |
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
| Year | Wettest five days (Rx5day) |
|---|---|
| 1929 | n/a |
| 1930 | 39.1 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1931 | 57.3 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1932 | 38.7 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1933 | 75.4 mm (3.0 in) |
| 1934 | 40.5 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1935 | 44.7 mm (1.8 in) |
| 1936 | 69.5 mm (2.7 in) |
| 1937 | 60.9 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1938 | 63.8 mm (2.5 in) |
| 1939 | 49.7 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1940 | 62.5 mm (2.5 in) |
| 1941 | 105.3 mm (4.1 in) |
| 1942 | 60.0 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1943 | 52.0 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1944 | 54.5 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1945 | 58.1 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1946 | 102.9 mm (4.1 in) |
| 1947 | 50.5 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1948 | 59.7 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1949 | 95.9 mm (3.8 in) |
| 1950 | 72.0 mm (2.8 in) |
| 1951 | 97.1 mm (3.8 in) |
| 1952 | 82.9 mm (3.3 in) |
| 1953 | 37.0 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1954 | 59.3 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1955 | 55.4 mm (2.2 in) |
| 1956 | 59.6 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1957 | 74.9 mm (2.9 in) |
| 1958 | 85.8 mm (3.4 in) |
| 1959 | 91.4 mm (3.6 in) |
| 1960 | 55.8 mm (2.2 in) |
| 1961 | 92.3 mm (3.6 in) |
| 1962 | 46.7 mm (1.8 in) |
| 1963 | 78.9 mm (3.1 in) |
| 1964 | 47.6 mm (1.9 in) |
| 1965 | 144.1 mm (5.7 in) |
| 1966 | 56.8 mm (2.2 in) |
| 1967 | 104.1 mm (4.1 in) |
| 1968 | 54.3 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1969 | 78.2 mm (3.1 in) |
| 1970 | 71.1 mm (2.8 in) |
| 1971 | 57.2 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1972 | 73.9 mm (2.9 in) |
| 1973 | 80.5 mm (3.2 in) |
| 1974 | 56.9 mm (2.2 in) |
| 1975 | 72.0 mm (2.8 in) |
| 1976 | 57.2 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1977 | 112.2 mm (4.4 in) |
| 1978 | 106.7 mm (4.2 in) |
| 1979 | 101.7 mm (4.0 in) |
| 1980 | 68.9 mm (2.7 in) |
| 1981 | 74.8 mm (2.9 in) |
| 1982 | 59.5 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1983 | 67.4 mm (2.7 in) |
| 1984 | 87.8 mm (3.5 in) |
| 1985 | 39.9 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1986 | 80.7 mm (3.2 in) |
| 1987 | 87.4 mm (3.4 in) |
| 1988 | 97.2 mm (3.8 in) |
| 1989 | 70.0 mm (2.8 in) |
| 1990 | 74.3 mm (2.9 in) |
| 1991 | 57.7 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1992 | 66.7 mm (2.6 in) |
| 1993 | 110.7 mm (4.4 in) |
| 1994 | 112.2 mm (4.4 in) |
| 1995 | 85.3 mm (3.4 in) |
| 1996 | 55.8 mm (2.2 in) |
| 1997 | 79.6 mm (3.1 in) |
| 1998 | 41.2 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1999 | 51.1 mm (2.0 in) |
| 2000 | 86.8 mm (3.4 in) |
| 2001 | 52.6 mm (2.1 in) |
| 2002 | 80.5 mm (3.2 in) |
| 2003 | 49.6 mm (2.0 in) |
| 2004 | 159.0 mm (6.3 in) |
| 2005 | 60.7 mm (2.4 in) |
| 2006 | 108.2 mm (4.3 in) |
| 2007 | 77.5 mm (3.1 in) |
| 2008 | 59.7 mm (2.4 in) |
| 2009 | 106.5 mm (4.2 in) |
| 2010 | 74.5 mm (2.9 in) |
| 2011 | 62.9 mm (2.5 in) |
| 2012 | 62.8 mm (2.5 in) |
| 2013 | 86.3 mm (3.4 in) |
| 2014 | 64.8 mm (2.6 in) |
| 2015 | 100.0 mm (3.9 in) |
| 2016 | 129.1 mm (5.1 in) |
| 2017 | 60.3 mm (2.4 in) |
| 2018 | 86.1 mm (3.4 in) |
| 2019 | 42.9 mm (1.7 in) |
| 2020 | 58.7 mm (2.3 in) |
| 2021 | 52.4 mm (2.1 in) |
| 2022 | 103.4 mm (4.1 in) |
| 2023 | 78.8 mm (3.1 in) |
| 2024 | 60.8 mm (2.4 in) |
| 2025 | 44.9 mm (1.8 in) |
Longest dry spell (CDD)
| Year | Longest dry spell (CDD) |
|---|---|
| 1929 | n/a |
| 1930 | 36 days |
| 1931 | 43 days |
| 1932 | 47 days |
| 1933 | 37 days |
| 1934 | 22 days |
| 1935 | 72 days |
| 1936 | 23 days |
| 1937 | 52 days |
| 1938 | 31 days |
| 1939 | 56 days |
| 1940 | 22 days |
| 1941 | 24 days |
| 1942 | 16 days |
| 1943 | 34 days |
| 1944 | 65 days |
| 1945 | 33 days |
| 1946 | 23 days |
| 1947 | 21 days |
| 1948 | 23 days |
| 1949 | 55 days |
| 1950 | 29 days |
| 1951 | 24 days |
| 1952 | 32 days |
| 1953 | 32 days |
| 1954 | 30 days |
| 1955 | 30 days |
| 1956 | 21 days |
| 1957 | 23 days |
| 1958 | 49 days |
| 1959 | 32 days |
| 1960 | 33 days |
| 1961 | 24 days |
| 1962 | 45 days |
| 1963 | 23 days |
| 1964 | 67 days |
| 1965 | 18 days |
| 1966 | 28 days |
| 1967 | 17 days |
| 1968 | 19 days |
| 1969 | 21 days |
| 1970 | 22 days |
| 1971 | 25 days |
| 1972 | 14 days |
| 1973 | 21 days |
| 1974 | 16 days |
| 1975 | 23 days |
| 1976 | 24 days |
| 1977 | 21 days |
| 1978 | 22 days |
| 1979 | 27 days |
| 1980 | 26 days |
| 1981 | 38 days |
| 1982 | 24 days |
| 1983 | 36 days |
| 1984 | 26 days |
| 1985 | 6 days |
| 1986 | 44 days |
| 1987 | 26 days |
| 1988 | 44 days |
| 1989 | 30 days |
| 1990 | 22 days |
| 1991 | 19 days |
| 1992 | 22 days |
| 1993 | 34 days |
| 1994 | 13 days |
| 1995 | 19 days |
| 1996 | 22 days |
| 1997 | 20 days |
| 1998 | 31 days |
| 1999 | 22 days |
| 2000 | 33 days |
| 2001 | 17 days |
| 2002 | 18 days |
| 2003 | 24 days |
| 2004 | 13 days |
| 2005 | 17 days |
| 2006 | 25 days |
| 2007 | 35 days |
| 2008 | 28 days |
| 2009 | 18 days |
| 2010 | 14 days |
| 2011 | 17 days |
| 2012 | 23 days |
| 2013 | 17 days |
| 2014 | 21 days |
| 2015 | 17 days |
| 2016 | 33 days |
| 2017 | 14 days |
| 2018 | 15 days |
| 2019 | 41 days |
| 2020 | 14 days |
| 2021 | 17 days |
| 2022 | 11 days |
| 2023 | 17 days |
| 2024 | 20 days |
| 2025 | 13 days |
Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.
Frost Dates and Growing Season
86 years with a frostAcross 86 years with a frost, the median last spring frost at Nogliki falls on 8 June and the median first autumn frost on 25 September, which leaves a median of 110 days between them.
In 1994 to 2024 the median growing season was 121 days. That is 22 days more than in 1930 to 1964.
Fitted over all years, the growing season changes by +5.6 days per decade at this station.
| Measure | Median, all years | Earliest period (1930 to 1964) | Recent period (1994 to 2024) | Recent against earliest | Fitted trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last spring frost | 8 June | 16 June | 31 May | 16 days earlier | -2.5 days per decade |
| First autumn frost | 25 September | 23 September | 28 September | 5 days later | +3.1 days per decade |
| Growing days | 110 days | 99 days | 121 days | 22 days more | +5.6 days per decade |
A frost day is a day with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F). The last spring frost and the first autumn frost are the last and first such days of the cold season, and growing days are the days between them. A negative trend for the last spring frost means it comes earlier.
Rainfall Return Levels
90 years, 1931 to 2023A day with at least 40.6 mm (1.6 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 117.7 mm (4.6 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.
| Expected about once in | A day with at least | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2 years | 40.6 mm (1.6 in) | |
| 5 years | 55.3 mm (2.2 in) | |
| 10 years | 67.0 mm (2.6 in) | |
| 25 years | 84.6 mm (3.3 in) | |
| 50 years | 100.0 mm (3.9 in) | |
| 100 years | 117.7 mm (4.6 in) | Longer than the 90 years of record |
The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 90 years of values from 1931 to 2023.
A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.
The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 125.2 mm (4.9 in) in 2004; 102.1 mm (4.0 in) in 2022; 87.1 mm (3.4 in) in 1993.
Station Changes
1 suspectedOne change was suspected in the annual mean temperature of Nogliki, at 1989. Each is measured against neighbouring stations.
- Relative to 5 neighbouring stations, the station's annual mean temperature from 1989 ran 0.2 C (0.4 F) higher than in the years before (likely change).
| Year | Shift (C) | Shift (F) | Strength | Neighbours |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1989 | +0.2 | +0.4 | likely | 5 |
Possible change at the station (a move, a new instrument or a new site); the record is kept as measured. A "likely" change has a larger test statistic than a "possible" one. Neither says why the station differs from its neighbours. How changes are found, and the largest ones.
Climate Twins
2009 to 2024 against 1961 to 1990Over 2009 to 2024, Nogliki had a mean temperature of 0.3 C (32.5 F) and 769.4 mm (30.3 in) of rain a year. The 3 stations whose 1961 to 1990 climate was closest to that are Poronajsk (Russia, 301 km away), Aleksandrovsk-Sahalinskij (Russia, 132 km away) and Sovetskaja Gavan (Russia, 381 km away).
| Twin station | Country | Distance away | Mean temperature, 1961-1990 | Rain a year, 1961-1990 | Climate difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poronajsk | Russia | 301 km (187 mi) | 0.6 C (33.1 F) | 733.3 mm (28.9 in) | 0.77 |
| Aleksandrovsk-Sahalinskij | Russia | 132 km (82 mi) | 0.6 C (33.2 F) | 627.8 mm (24.7 in) | 1.01 |
| Sovetskaja Gavan | Russia | 381 km (237 mi) | 1.5 C (34.7 F) | 748.0 mm (29.4 in) | 1.35 |
Twins are stations, not cities. A twin is one of the three stations at least 100 km away whose earlier climate is closest to this station's recent one, so a close match does not mean the two places look alike in other ways. A station move or a gap in a record can change that station's averages. The list describes past climate; it is not a forecast and does not say what caused any change. How twins are found, and a search for any station.
Download the Data
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-15 (15 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.
Data as of . Last revised (2025-12-31).