Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Salamanca Obs. (SPE00120422), Spain, with 57 years of record.
Key Facts for Salamanca Obs.
Salamanca Obs. (SPE00120422) is a weather station in Spain at 40.96 latitude and -5.66 longitude, 775 m (2,543 ft) above sea level.
The station reports from 1970 to 2026, 57 years of record.
1,464 records set at Salamanca Obs. still stand.
Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
Salamanca Obs. set a daily record high minimum temperature of 17.4 C (63.3 F) on 29 May 2026.
About the Station
Location: Spain, 40.96 latitude, -5.66 longitude.
Elevation: 775 m (2,543 ft).
Period of record: 1970 to 2026, 57 years.
Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp.
Daily Record Envelope and 2026
13 days at or beyond a record
Record highRecord low2026 daily maximum2026 daily minimum
The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Salamanca Obs.. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 13 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
Daily record high and record low at Salamanca Obs., with 2026 drawn through them
Month
Highest record high
Lowest record low
2026 highest maximum
2026 lowest minimum
Jan
21.7 C (71.1 F)
-13.4 C (7.9 F)
14.3 C (57.7 F)
-4.5 C (23.9 F)
Feb
23.5 C (74.3 F)
-10.5 C (13.1 F)
23.5 C (74.3 F)
-0.1 C (31.8 F)
Mar
27.2 C (81.0 F)
-8.2 C (17.2 F)
23.4 C (74.1 F)
0.2 C (32.4 F)
Apr
30.3 C (86.5 F)
-5.0 C (23.0 F)
28.3 C (82.9 F)
1.9 C (35.4 F)
May
35.0 C (95.0 F)
-1.4 C (29.5 F)
35.0 C (95.0 F)
5.4 C (41.7 F)
Jun
39.1 C (102.4 F)
3.0 C (37.4 F)
31.5 C (88.7 F)
9.8 C (49.6 F)
Jul
40.8 C (105.4 F)
5.8 C (42.4 F)
n/a
n/a
Aug
40.1 C (104.2 F)
4.5 C (40.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Sep
37.5 C (99.5 F)
1.4 C (34.5 F)
n/a
n/a
Oct
34.3 C (93.7 F)
-4.8 C (23.4 F)
n/a
n/a
Nov
24.5 C (76.1 F)
-7.6 C (18.3 F)
n/a
n/a
Dec
20.5 C (68.9 F)
-9.6 C (14.7 F)
n/a
n/a
Which Years Hold Standing Records
1,464 standing records
Year with most
1,464 records at Salamanca Obs. still stand. 2022 holds the most, with 54.
Standing records at Salamanca Obs. by the year they were set
Year set
Standing records
1970
49
1971
48
1972
30
1973
31
1974
43
1975
33
1976
19
1977
44
1978
35
1979
21
1980
33
1981
18
1982
11
1983
31
1988
1
1989
12
1990
9
1991
27
1992
40
1993
37
1994
25
1995
21
1996
26
1997
21
1998
28
1999
12
2000
38
2001
32
2002
19
2003
23
2004
13
2005
21
2006
32
2007
12
2008
14
2009
23
2010
23
2011
33
2012
36
2013
21
2014
13
2015
43
2016
12
2017
45
2018
15
2019
24
2020
37
2021
31
2022
54
2023
39
2024
43
2025
41
2026
22
All-Time Record Progression
2 new records
2 all-time records were set at Salamanca Obs. between 19 June 2017 and 14 July 2022. Each dot is a new record.
When Salamanca Obs. set new all-time records
Date
Kind
Detail
2017-06-19
Record high minimum temperature
Record high minimum temperature 22.1 C (71.8 F)
2022-07-14
Record high maximum temperature
Record high maximum temperature 40.8 C (105.4 F)
Wettest Day of Each Month
Jun: 48.2 mm (1.9 in)
The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Salamanca Obs.. The most was 48.2 mm (1.9 in) on 16 June 1989.
Record daily precipitation for each month at Salamanca Obs.
Month
Record daily precipitation (mm)
Date
Jan
35.0 mm (1.4 in)
2 January 2003
Feb
29.9 mm (1.2 in)
2 February 1972
Mar
33.8 mm (1.3 in)
9 March 2018
Apr
24.7 mm (1.0 in)
20 April 1997
May
43.2 mm (1.7 in)
20 May 2007
Jun
48.2 mm (1.9 in)
16 June 1989
Jul
23.1 mm (0.9 in)
29 July 1982
Aug
24.8 mm (1.0 in)
25 August 2019
Sep
43.0 mm (1.7 in)
30 September 2007
Oct
38.9 mm (1.5 in)
17 October 2012
Nov
27.6 mm (1.1 in)
8 November 1978
Dec
38.8 mm (1.5 in)
19 December 2019
Period of Record Coverage
1970 to 2026
Complete yearUnder 90 percent of days
53 years of record at Salamanca Obs., 1970 to 2026. 7 years have data for under 90 percent of days and are left out of rankings: 1983, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1993, 2016, 2026.
Cooler than the station meanWarmer than the station mean
One stripe for each of 44 complete years at Salamanca Obs., 1970 to 2025. Blue stripes are years cooler than the station's own mean of 13.0 C (55.4 F); red stripes are warmer. The coolest year was 1972, at 10.9 C (51.6 F), and the warmest was 2022, at 15.3 C (59.5 F). The strongest colour marks a difference of 2.3 C (4.1 F).
Annual mean temperature at Salamanca Obs. as warming stripes, 1970 to 2025
Year
Annual mean temperature
Difference from the station mean
1970
11.8 C
-1.20 C
1971
11.0 C
-2.03 C
1972
10.9 C
-2.07 C
1973
11.4 C
-1.57 C
1974
11.2 C
-1.80 C
1975
11.5 C
-1.50 C
1976
11.5 C
-1.46 C
1977
11.7 C
-1.29 C
1978
11.8 C
-1.23 C
1979
11.9 C
-1.07 C
1980
11.7 C
-1.28 C
1981
12.3 C
-0.66 C
1982
12.4 C
-0.61 C
1989
13.2 C
+0.25 C
1995
13.1 C
+0.08 C
1996
11.9 C
-1.05 C
1997
12.6 C
-0.34 C
1998
11.9 C
-1.06 C
1999
11.8 C
-1.23 C
2000
11.8 C
-1.18 C
2001
13.2 C
+0.25 C
2002
13.6 C
+0.61 C
2003
13.8 C
+0.80 C
2004
13.1 C
+0.14 C
2005
13.0 C
+0.04 C
2006
13.9 C
+0.88 C
2007
12.7 C
-0.33 C
2008
12.7 C
-0.31 C
2009
14.1 C
+1.08 C
2010
13.5 C
+0.48 C
2011
14.4 C
+1.45 C
2012
13.5 C
+0.47 C
2013
13.1 C
+0.11 C
2014
13.9 C
+0.92 C
2015
14.3 C
+1.36 C
2017
14.6 C
+1.65 C
2018
13.7 C
+0.71 C
2019
14.1 C
+1.07 C
2020
14.7 C
+1.71 C
2021
14.1 C
+1.12 C
2022
15.3 C
+2.27 C
2023
14.9 C
+1.91 C
2024
14.8 C
+1.84 C
2025
14.9 C
+1.89 C
The annual mean temperature here has risen by 0.6 C (0.5 to 0.7) per decade over 1970 to 2025. In Fahrenheit: 1.1 F (1.0 to 1.3) per decade. The slope is a straight line fitted to 44 complete years; the brackets give its 95 percent interval.
Fitted temperature trends per decade at Salamanca Obs.
Measure
Per decade (C)
Per decade (F)
Period
Complete years
Reading
Annual mean temperature
0.6 C (0.5 to 0.7) per decade
1.1 F (1.0 to 1.3) per decade
1970 to 2025
44
Rise
Mean daily maximum
0.7 C (0.6 to 0.8) per decade
1.2 F (1.1 to 1.4) per decade
1970 to 2025
44
Rise
Mean daily minimum
0.6 C (0.5 to 0.7) per decade
1.0 F (0.8 to 1.2) per decade
1970 to 2025
44
Rise
A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.
Extremes by Year
1970 to 2026
Yearly extremes at Salamanca Obs.: the record and the median year
Measure
Record
Year of the record
Median year
Years with a value
Hottest day (TXx)
40.8 C (105.4 F)
2022
36.9 C (98.4 F)
53
Coldest night (TNn)
-13.4 C (7.9 F)
1970
-6.8 C (19.8 F)
53
Wettest day (Rx1day)
48.2 mm (1.9 in)
1989
24.5 mm (1.0 in)
54
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
90.7 mm (3.6 in)
1993
44.1 mm (1.7 in)
53
Longest dry spell (CDD)
84 days
2007
37 days
54
Hottest day (TXx)
The hottest day of the year at Salamanca Obs., 1970 to 2026. The record is 40.8 C (105.4 F) in 2022, marked on the chart; the median year is 36.9 C (98.4 F).
Hottest day (TXx) at Salamanca Obs. by year
Year
Hottest day (TXx)
1970
35.4 C (95.7 F)
1971
33.8 C (92.8 F)
1972
34.6 C (94.3 F)
1973
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1974
35.5 C (95.9 F)
1975
36.3 C (97.3 F)
1976
36.2 C (97.2 F)
1977
33.0 C (91.4 F)
1978
36.5 C (97.7 F)
1979
36.0 C (96.8 F)
1980
36.5 C (97.7 F)
1981
36.5 C (97.7 F)
1982
36.0 C (96.8 F)
1983
34.5 C (94.1 F)
1985
n/a
1988
1.0 C (33.8 F)
1989
36.1 C (97.0 F)
1990
36.1 C (97.0 F)
1991
37.1 C (98.8 F)
1992
34.8 C (94.6 F)
1993
36.3 C (97.3 F)
1994
36.1 C (97.0 F)
1995
39.8 C (103.6 F)
1996
34.7 C (94.5 F)
1997
34.5 C (94.1 F)
1998
36.9 C (98.4 F)
1999
36.7 C (98.1 F)
2000
37.4 C (99.3 F)
2001
37.0 C (98.6 F)
2002
35.8 C (96.4 F)
2003
39.0 C (102.2 F)
2004
38.3 C (100.9 F)
2005
39.6 C (103.3 F)
2006
37.8 C (100.0 F)
2007
39.1 C (102.4 F)
2008
37.8 C (100.0 F)
2009
36.7 C (98.1 F)
2010
38.0 C (100.4 F)
2011
38.9 C (102.0 F)
2012
39.7 C (103.5 F)
2013
37.0 C (98.6 F)
2014
37.0 C (98.6 F)
2015
38.4 C (101.1 F)
2016
37.2 C (99.0 F)
2017
39.1 C (102.4 F)
2018
39.3 C (102.7 F)
2019
38.7 C (101.7 F)
2020
38.1 C (100.6 F)
2021
39.2 C (102.6 F)
2022
40.8 C (105.4 F)
2023
40.1 C (104.2 F)
2024
39.1 C (102.4 F)
2025
39.5 C (103.1 F)
2026
35.0 C (95.0 F)
Coldest night (TNn)
The coldest night of the year at Salamanca Obs., 1970 to 2026. The record is -13.4 C (7.9 F) in 1970, marked on the chart; the median year is -6.8 C (19.8 F).
Coldest night (TNn) at Salamanca Obs. by year
Year
Coldest night (TNn)
1970
-13.4 C (7.9 F)
1971
-10.0 C (14.0 F)
1972
-12.6 C (9.3 F)
1973
-6.8 C (19.8 F)
1974
-5.0 C (23.0 F)
1975
-8.4 C (16.9 F)
1976
-7.5 C (18.5 F)
1977
-5.5 C (22.1 F)
1978
-8.5 C (16.7 F)
1979
-6.0 C (21.2 F)
1980
-8.0 C (17.6 F)
1981
-8.5 C (16.7 F)
1982
-3.0 C (26.6 F)
1983
-10.5 C (13.1 F)
1985
n/a
1988
-3.6 C (25.5 F)
1989
-5.0 C (23.0 F)
1990
-6.9 C (19.6 F)
1991
-6.2 C (20.8 F)
1992
-8.6 C (16.5 F)
1993
-8.8 C (16.2 F)
1994
-7.0 C (19.4 F)
1995
-6.0 C (21.2 F)
1996
-6.8 C (19.8 F)
1997
-6.9 C (19.6 F)
1998
-8.3 C (17.1 F)
1999
-7.0 C (19.4 F)
2000
-9.4 C (15.1 F)
2001
-9.6 C (14.7 F)
2002
-4.1 C (24.6 F)
2003
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
2004
-6.1 C (21.0 F)
2005
-7.8 C (18.0 F)
2006
-9.6 C (14.7 F)
2007
-7.6 C (18.3 F)
2008
-7.5 C (18.5 F)
2009
-7.6 C (18.3 F)
2010
-6.2 C (20.8 F)
2011
-5.8 C (21.6 F)
2012
-6.9 C (19.6 F)
2013
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
2014
-5.0 C (23.0 F)
2015
-4.2 C (24.4 F)
2016
-5.0 C (23.0 F)
2017
-7.1 C (19.2 F)
2018
-5.7 C (21.7 F)
2019
-5.4 C (22.3 F)
2020
-4.6 C (23.7 F)
2021
-8.0 C (17.6 F)
2022
-4.5 C (23.9 F)
2023
-4.0 C (24.8 F)
2024
-3.2 C (26.2 F)
2025
-6.0 C (21.2 F)
2026
-4.5 C (23.9 F)
Wettest day (Rx1day)
The wettest day of the year at Salamanca Obs., 1970 to 2026. The record is 48.2 mm (1.9 in) in 1989, marked on the chart; the median year is 24.5 mm (1.0 in).
Wettest day (Rx1day) at Salamanca Obs. by year
Year
Wettest day (Rx1day)
1970
23.6 mm (0.9 in)
1971
20.8 mm (0.8 in)
1972
40.5 mm (1.6 in)
1973
25.4 mm (1.0 in)
1974
25.7 mm (1.0 in)
1975
20.4 mm (0.8 in)
1976
24.4 mm (1.0 in)
1977
25.0 mm (1.0 in)
1978
27.6 mm (1.1 in)
1979
21.9 mm (0.9 in)
1980
30.9 mm (1.2 in)
1981
20.0 mm (0.8 in)
1982
28.5 mm (1.1 in)
1983
37.0 mm (1.5 in)
1985
0.0 mm (0.00 in)
1988
0.0 mm (0.00 in)
1989
48.2 mm (1.9 in)
1990
29.4 mm (1.2 in)
1991
21.2 mm (0.8 in)
1992
17.2 mm (0.7 in)
1993
33.6 mm (1.3 in)
1994
19.6 mm (0.8 in)
1995
30.7 mm (1.2 in)
1996
31.4 mm (1.2 in)
1997
24.7 mm (1.0 in)
1998
27.8 mm (1.1 in)
1999
20.8 mm (0.8 in)
2000
26.9 mm (1.1 in)
2001
28.7 mm (1.1 in)
2002
23.1 mm (0.9 in)
2003
42.1 mm (1.7 in)
2004
22.9 mm (0.9 in)
2005
16.6 mm (0.7 in)
2006
28.7 mm (1.1 in)
2007
43.2 mm (1.7 in)
2008
39.0 mm (1.5 in)
2009
22.6 mm (0.9 in)
2010
25.9 mm (1.0 in)
2011
23.3 mm (0.9 in)
2012
38.9 mm (1.5 in)
2013
35.6 mm (1.4 in)
2014
16.3 mm (0.6 in)
2015
18.4 mm (0.7 in)
2016
22.2 mm (0.9 in)
2017
21.9 mm (0.9 in)
2018
33.8 mm (1.3 in)
2019
38.8 mm (1.5 in)
2020
24.3 mm (1.0 in)
2021
34.3 mm (1.4 in)
2022
21.4 mm (0.8 in)
2023
23.3 mm (0.9 in)
2024
21.8 mm (0.9 in)
2025
22.0 mm (0.9 in)
2026
23.0 mm (0.9 in)
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
The wettest five days of the year at Salamanca Obs., 1970 to 2026. The record is 90.7 mm (3.6 in) in 1993, marked on the chart; the median year is 44.1 mm (1.7 in).
Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Salamanca Obs. by year
Year
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
1970
49.0 mm (1.9 in)
1971
42.4 mm (1.7 in)
1972
57.8 mm (2.3 in)
1973
51.0 mm (2.0 in)
1974
42.6 mm (1.7 in)
1975
37.5 mm (1.5 in)
1976
41.9 mm (1.6 in)
1977
43.0 mm (1.7 in)
1978
52.9 mm (2.1 in)
1979
64.7 mm (2.5 in)
1980
35.1 mm (1.4 in)
1981
66.9 mm (2.6 in)
1982
60.7 mm (2.4 in)
1983
57.7 mm (2.3 in)
1985
0.0 mm (0.00 in)
1988
n/a
1989
69.9 mm (2.8 in)
1990
45.2 mm (1.8 in)
1991
25.5 mm (1.0 in)
1992
46.3 mm (1.8 in)
1993
90.7 mm (3.6 in)
1994
52.3 mm (2.1 in)
1995
36.0 mm (1.4 in)
1996
49.5 mm (1.9 in)
1997
48.6 mm (1.9 in)
1998
71.8 mm (2.8 in)
1999
52.0 mm (2.0 in)
2000
34.6 mm (1.4 in)
2001
42.8 mm (1.7 in)
2002
35.5 mm (1.4 in)
2003
59.9 mm (2.4 in)
2004
42.6 mm (1.7 in)
2005
39.1 mm (1.5 in)
2006
42.5 mm (1.7 in)
2007
87.0 mm (3.4 in)
2008
56.8 mm (2.2 in)
2009
28.5 mm (1.1 in)
2010
44.1 mm (1.7 in)
2011
31.7 mm (1.2 in)
2012
73.3 mm (2.9 in)
2013
66.1 mm (2.6 in)
2014
36.1 mm (1.4 in)
2015
32.7 mm (1.3 in)
2016
40.6 mm (1.6 in)
2017
27.1 mm (1.1 in)
2018
48.1 mm (1.9 in)
2019
58.5 mm (2.3 in)
2020
42.7 mm (1.7 in)
2021
62.7 mm (2.5 in)
2022
40.8 mm (1.6 in)
2023
34.3 mm (1.4 in)
2024
40.8 mm (1.6 in)
2025
38.4 mm (1.5 in)
2026
63.7 mm (2.5 in)
Longest dry spell (CDD)
The longest dry spell of the year at Salamanca Obs., 1970 to 2026. The record is 84 days in 2007, marked on the chart; the median year is 37 days.
Longest dry spell (CDD) at Salamanca Obs. by year
Year
Longest dry spell (CDD)
1970
28 days
1971
18 days
1972
18 days
1973
35 days
1974
28 days
1975
34 days
1976
25 days
1977
21 days
1978
38 days
1979
35 days
1980
16 days
1981
50 days
1982
28 days
1983
36 days
1985
30 days
1988
3 days
1989
37 days
1990
27 days
1991
52 days
1992
46 days
1993
39 days
1994
59 days
1995
25 days
1996
21 days
1997
56 days
1998
34 days
1999
40 days
2000
37 days
2001
34 days
2002
32 days
2003
24 days
2004
41 days
2005
59 days
2006
59 days
2007
84 days
2008
73 days
2009
43 days
2010
58 days
2011
35 days
2012
52 days
2013
38 days
2014
30 days
2015
36 days
2016
27 days
2017
50 days
2018
71 days
2019
32 days
2020
39 days
2021
50 days
2022
47 days
2023
75 days
2024
67 days
2025
84 days
2026
17 days
Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.
Frost Dates and Growing Season
43 years with a frost
Across 43 years with a frost, the median last spring frost at Salamanca Obs. falls on 5 April and the median first autumn frost on 10 November, which leaves a median of 220 days between them.
Fitted over all years, the growing season changes by +13.9 days per decade at this station.
Frost dates and growing season at Salamanca Obs.
Measure
Median, all years
Earliest period
Recent period (1995 to 2025)
Recent against earliest
Fitted trend
Last spring frost
5 April
n/a
27 March
n/a
-8.0 days per decade
First autumn frost
10 November
n/a
16 November
n/a
+5.8 days per decade
Growing days
220 days
n/a
232 days
n/a
+13.9 days per decade
A frost day is a day with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F). The last spring frost and the first autumn frost are the last and first such days of the cold season, and growing days are the days between them. A negative trend for the last spring frost means it comes earlier.
Rainfall Return Levels
38 years, 1971 to 2023
A day with at least 25.8 mm (1.0 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 56.3 mm (2.2 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.
Rainfall return levels at Salamanca Obs.: the daily rain expected about once in a given number of years
Expected about once in
A day with at least
Note
2 years
25.8 mm (1.0 in)
5 years
32.8 mm (1.3 in)
10 years
37.8 mm (1.5 in)
25 years
44.8 mm (1.8 in)
50 years
50.4 mm (2.0 in)
Longer than the 38 years of record
100 years
56.3 mm (2.2 in)
Longer than the 38 years of record
The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 38 years of values from 1971 to 2023.
A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.
The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 48.2 mm (1.9 in) in 1989; 43.2 mm (1.7 in) in 2007; 42.1 mm (1.7 in) in 2003.
Station Changes
2 suspected
2 changes were suspected in the annual mean temperature of Salamanca Obs., at 1996 and 2001. Each is measured against neighbouring stations.
Relative to 5 neighbouring stations, the station's annual mean temperature from 1996 ran 0.7 C (1.2 F) lower than in the years before (likely change).
Relative to 5 neighbouring stations, the station's annual mean temperature from 2001 ran 1.2 C (2.1 F) higher than in the years before (likely change).
Suspected changes in the annual mean temperature at Salamanca Obs., against neighbouring stations
Year
Shift (C)
Shift (F)
Strength
Neighbours
1996
-0.6
-1.2
likely
5
2001
+1.2
+2.1
likely
5
Possible change at the station (a move, a new instrument or a new site); the record is kept as measured. A "likely" change has a larger test statistic than a "possible" one. Neither says why the station differs from its neighbours. How changes are found, and the largest ones.
Download the Data
Data for Salamanca Obs. standing records by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Data for Salamanca Obs. threshold days by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-16 (16 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.