Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Leola (USC00034134), Arkansas, United States, with 72 years of record.
Key Facts for Leola
Leola (USC00034134) is a weather station in Arkansas, United States at 34.17 latitude and -92.59 longitude, 78 m (255 ft) above sea level.
The station reports from 1943 to 2014, 72 years of record.
1,464 records set at Leola still stand.
Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
Leola set a daily record high maximum temperature of 22.8 C (73.0 F) on 1 December 2014.
About the Station
Location: Arkansas, United States, 34.17 latitude, -92.59 longitude.
Elevation: 78 m (255 ft).
Period of record: 1943 to 2014, 72 years.
Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd.
Daily Record Envelope and 2026
0 days at or beyond a record
Record highRecord low2026 daily maximum2026 daily minimum
The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Leola. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 0 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
Daily record high and record low at Leola, with 2026 drawn through them
Month
Highest record high
Lowest record low
2026 highest maximum
2026 lowest minimum
Jan
27.2 C (81.0 F)
-23.3 C (-9.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Feb
30.0 C (86.0 F)
-18.9 C (-2.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Mar
33.9 C (93.0 F)
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Apr
35.0 C (95.0 F)
-4.4 C (24.1 F)
n/a
n/a
May
36.1 C (97.0 F)
0.0 C (32.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Jun
40.6 C (105.1 F)
6.7 C (44.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Jul
42.2 C (108.0 F)
10.6 C (51.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Aug
43.9 C (111.0 F)
6.7 C (44.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Sep
40.0 C (104.0 F)
0.0 C (32.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Oct
35.0 C (95.0 F)
-3.3 C (26.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Nov
29.4 C (84.9 F)
-12.2 C (10.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Dec
26.7 C (80.1 F)
-19.4 C (-2.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Which Years Hold Standing Records
1,464 standing records
Year with most
1,464 records at Leola still stand. 2011 holds the most, with 54.
Standing records at Leola by the year they were set
Year set
Standing records
1963
52
1964
37
1965
31
1966
35
1967
46
1968
17
1969
20
1970
27
1971
32
1972
43
1973
11
1974
48
1975
18
1976
36
1977
31
1978
20
1979
20
1980
52
1981
23
1982
34
1983
31
1984
32
1985
25
1986
32
1987
28
1988
21
1989
37
1990
33
1991
28
1992
16
1993
24
1994
20
1995
27
1996
27
1997
15
1998
9
1999
18
2000
39
2001
3
2002
28
2003
21
2004
28
2005
28
2006
35
2007
14
2008
16
2009
20
2010
33
2011
54
2012
34
2013
27
2014
28
All-Time Record Progression
6 new records
6 all-time records were set at Leola between 28 January 2000 and 4 August 2011. Each dot is a new record.
When Leola set new all-time records
Date
Kind
Detail
2000-01-28
Record daily snowfall
Record daily snowfall 30.5 cm (12.0 in)
2000-09-02
Record high minimum temperature
Record high minimum temperature 26.7 C (80.1 F)
2000-09-03
Record high minimum temperature
Record high minimum temperature 27.2 C (81.0 F)
2008-09-03
Record daily precipitation
Record daily precipitation 206.0 mm (8.1 in)
2011-08-04
Record high maximum temperature
Record high maximum temperature 43.9 C (111.0 F)
2011-08-04
Record high minimum temperature
Record high minimum temperature 29.4 C (84.9 F)
Wettest Day of Each Month
Sep: 206.0 mm (8.1 in)
The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Leola. The most was 206.0 mm (8.1 in) on 3 September 2008.
Record daily precipitation for each month at Leola
Month
Record daily precipitation (mm)
Date
Jan
111.8 mm (4.4 in)
25 January 2004
Feb
94.5 mm (3.7 in)
1 February 1957
Mar
147.3 mm (5.8 in)
14 March 1999
Apr
124.2 mm (4.9 in)
20 April 1973
May
146.1 mm (5.8 in)
1 May 1958
Jun
139.2 mm (5.5 in)
8 June 1974
Jul
156.5 mm (6.2 in)
16 July 1963
Aug
185.9 mm (7.3 in)
23 August 1958
Sep
206.0 mm (8.1 in)
3 September 2008
Oct
180.8 mm (7.1 in)
30 October 2009
Nov
96.5 mm (3.8 in)
2 November 2004
Dec
158.8 mm (6.3 in)
24 December 2009
Period of Record Coverage
1963 to 2014
Complete yearUnder 90 percent of days
52 years of record at Leola, 1963 to 2014. 12 years have data for under 90 percent of days and are left out of rankings: 1978, 1985, 1988, 1989, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1997 and others.
Cooler than the station meanWarmer than the station mean
One stripe for each of 33 complete years at Leola, 1964 to 2014. Blue stripes are years cooler than the station's own mean of 16.6 C (61.8 F); red stripes are warmer. The coolest year was 1979, at 15.5 C (59.9 F), and the warmest was 2012, at 17.9 C (64.3 F). The strongest colour marks a difference of 1.4 C (2.5 F).
Annual mean temperature at Leola as warming stripes, 1964 to 2014
Year
Annual mean temperature
Difference from the station mean
1964
16.6 C
+0.03 C
1965
16.9 C
+0.32 C
1966
16.0 C
-0.59 C
1967
16.5 C
-0.11 C
1969
16.0 C
-0.54 C
1971
16.9 C
+0.31 C
1972
16.8 C
+0.17 C
1974
16.9 C
+0.28 C
1975
16.6 C
+0.06 C
1976
15.8 C
-0.79 C
1977
17.0 C
+0.43 C
1979
15.5 C
-1.08 C
1980
16.8 C
+0.23 C
1981
16.6 C
+0.01 C
1982
16.6 C
+0.04 C
1983
15.7 C
-0.88 C
1984
16.7 C
+0.11 C
1986
17.4 C
+0.78 C
1990
16.9 C
+0.36 C
1993
16.1 C
-0.49 C
1995
16.7 C
+0.08 C
2003
15.9 C
-0.70 C
2004
16.4 C
-0.17 C
2005
16.8 C
+0.19 C
2006
17.6 C
+1.02 C
2007
17.2 C
+0.60 C
2008
16.1 C
-0.52 C
2009
16.2 C
-0.41 C
2010
16.7 C
+0.13 C
2011
17.2 C
+0.57 C
2012
17.9 C
+1.35 C
2013
16.1 C
-0.47 C
2014
16.1 C
-0.48 C
The fitted trend in annual mean temperature here over 1964 to 2014 is 0.05 C (-0.07 to 0.17) per decade. The interval includes zero, so the trend is not clearly different from zero. In Fahrenheit: 0.1 F (-0.1 to 0.3) per decade. The slope is a straight line fitted to 33 complete years; the brackets give its 95 percent interval.
Fitted temperature trends per decade at Leola
Measure
Per decade (C)
Per decade (F)
Period
Complete years
Reading
Annual mean temperature
0.05 C (-0.07 to 0.17) per decade
0.1 F (-0.1 to 0.3) per decade
1964 to 2014
33
Not clearly different from zero
Mean daily maximum
0.03 C (-0.13 to 0.20) per decade
0.1 F (-0.2 to 0.4) per decade
1964 to 2014
33
Not clearly different from zero
Mean daily minimum
0.1 C (0.0 to 0.2) per decade
0.1 F (-0.1 to 0.3) per decade
1964 to 2014
33
Not clearly different from zero
A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.
Extremes by Year
1943 to 2014
Yearly extremes at Leola: the record and the median year
Measure
Record
Year of the record
Median year
Years with a value
Hottest day (TXx)
43.9 C (111.0 F)
2011
38.3 C (100.9 F)
52
Coldest night (TNn)
-23.3 C (-9.9 F)
1966
-11.4 C (11.5 F)
52
Wettest day (Rx1day)
206.0 mm (8.1 in)
2008
93.9 mm (3.7 in)
72
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
298.4 mm (11.7 in)
1958
141.9 mm (5.6 in)
72
Longest dry spell (CDD)
44 days
1997
21 days
72
Hottest day (TXx)
The hottest day of the year at Leola, 1943 to 2014. The record is 43.9 C (111.0 F) in 2011, marked on the chart; the median year is 38.3 C (100.9 F).
Hottest day (TXx) at Leola by year
Year
Hottest day (TXx)
1943
n/a
1944
n/a
1945
n/a
1946
n/a
1947
n/a
1948
n/a
1949
n/a
1950
n/a
1951
n/a
1952
n/a
1953
n/a
1954
n/a
1955
n/a
1956
n/a
1957
n/a
1958
n/a
1959
n/a
1960
n/a
1961
n/a
1962
n/a
1963
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1964
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1965
37.2 C (99.0 F)
1966
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1967
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1968
36.1 C (97.0 F)
1969
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1970
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1971
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1972
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1973
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1974
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1975
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1976
37.8 C (100.0 F)
1977
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1978
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1979
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1980
42.2 C (108.0 F)
1981
37.2 C (99.0 F)
1982
37.2 C (99.0 F)
1983
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1984
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1985
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1986
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1987
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1988
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1989
33.9 C (93.0 F)
1990
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1991
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1992
35.0 C (95.0 F)
1993
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1994
34.4 C (93.9 F)
1995
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1996
36.1 C (97.0 F)
1997
36.1 C (97.0 F)
1998
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1999
38.3 C (100.9 F)
2000
41.1 C (106.0 F)
2001
30.0 C (86.0 F)
2002
36.7 C (98.1 F)
2003
36.7 C (98.1 F)
2004
35.6 C (96.1 F)
2005
40.6 C (105.1 F)
2006
40.0 C (104.0 F)
2007
38.9 C (102.0 F)
2008
39.4 C (102.9 F)
2009
38.3 C (100.9 F)
2010
42.2 C (108.0 F)
2011
43.9 C (111.0 F)
2012
41.7 C (107.1 F)
2013
38.9 C (102.0 F)
2014
35.6 C (96.1 F)
Coldest night (TNn)
The coldest night of the year at Leola, 1943 to 2014. The record is -23.3 C (-9.9 F) in 1966, marked on the chart; the median year is -11.4 C (11.5 F).
Coldest night (TNn) at Leola by year
Year
Coldest night (TNn)
1943
n/a
1944
n/a
1945
n/a
1946
n/a
1947
n/a
1948
n/a
1949
n/a
1950
n/a
1951
n/a
1952
n/a
1953
n/a
1954
n/a
1955
n/a
1956
n/a
1957
n/a
1958
n/a
1959
n/a
1960
n/a
1961
n/a
1962
n/a
1963
-19.4 C (-2.9 F)
1964
-15.6 C (3.9 F)
1965
-12.2 C (10.0 F)
1966
-23.3 C (-9.9 F)
1967
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
1968
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
1969
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
1970
-15.0 C (5.0 F)
1971
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
1972
-12.8 C (9.0 F)
1973
-10.0 C (14.0 F)
1974
-9.4 C (15.1 F)
1975
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
1976
-12.8 C (9.0 F)
1977
-16.1 C (3.0 F)
1978
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
1979
-13.3 C (8.1 F)
1980
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
1981
-13.3 C (8.1 F)
1982
-18.3 C (-0.9 F)
1983
-17.8 C (0.0 F)
1984
-15.0 C (5.0 F)
1985
-18.9 C (-2.0 F)
1986
-9.4 C (15.1 F)
1987
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
1988
-16.1 C (3.0 F)
1989
-17.8 C (0.0 F)
1990
-12.8 C (9.0 F)
1991
-8.9 C (16.0 F)
1992
-9.4 C (15.1 F)
1993
-9.4 C (15.1 F)
1994
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
1995
-13.3 C (8.1 F)
1996
-16.1 C (3.0 F)
1997
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
1998
-9.4 C (15.1 F)
1999
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
2000
-12.2 C (10.0 F)
2001
-6.1 C (21.0 F)
2002
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
2003
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
2004
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
2005
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
2006
-7.8 C (18.0 F)
2007
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
2008
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
2009
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
2010
-12.8 C (9.0 F)
2011
-13.9 C (7.0 F)
2012
-7.8 C (18.0 F)
2013
-7.8 C (18.0 F)
2014
-12.2 C (10.0 F)
Wettest day (Rx1day)
The wettest day of the year at Leola, 1943 to 2014. The record is 206.0 mm (8.1 in) in 2008, marked on the chart; the median year is 93.9 mm (3.7 in).
Wettest day (Rx1day) at Leola by year
Year
Wettest day (Rx1day)
1943
57.2 mm (2.3 in)
1944
61.5 mm (2.4 in)
1945
95.0 mm (3.7 in)
1946
96.8 mm (3.8 in)
1947
66.0 mm (2.6 in)
1948
114.3 mm (4.5 in)
1949
114.3 mm (4.5 in)
1950
87.6 mm (3.4 in)
1951
117.3 mm (4.6 in)
1952
71.9 mm (2.8 in)
1953
87.4 mm (3.4 in)
1954
50.8 mm (2.0 in)
1955
96.3 mm (3.8 in)
1956
107.4 mm (4.2 in)
1957
152.4 mm (6.0 in)
1958
185.9 mm (7.3 in)
1959
57.9 mm (2.3 in)
1960
130.0 mm (5.1 in)
1961
75.2 mm (3.0 in)
1962
73.2 mm (2.9 in)
1963
156.5 mm (6.2 in)
1964
113.8 mm (4.5 in)
1965
91.4 mm (3.6 in)
1966
91.4 mm (3.6 in)
1967
86.9 mm (3.4 in)
1968
129.5 mm (5.1 in)
1969
86.4 mm (3.4 in)
1970
83.8 mm (3.3 in)
1971
123.7 mm (4.9 in)
1972
91.9 mm (3.6 in)
1973
124.2 mm (4.9 in)
1974
139.2 mm (5.5 in)
1975
86.4 mm (3.4 in)
1976
93.2 mm (3.7 in)
1977
55.1 mm (2.2 in)
1978
92.7 mm (3.6 in)
1979
111.3 mm (4.4 in)
1980
120.7 mm (4.8 in)
1981
63.0 mm (2.5 in)
1982
66.5 mm (2.6 in)
1983
128.8 mm (5.1 in)
1984
99.1 mm (3.9 in)
1985
143.5 mm (5.6 in)
1986
80.8 mm (3.2 in)
1987
109.2 mm (4.3 in)
1988
71.1 mm (2.8 in)
1989
118.9 mm (4.7 in)
1990
136.7 mm (5.4 in)
1991
85.3 mm (3.4 in)
1992
58.9 mm (2.3 in)
1993
136.1 mm (5.4 in)
1994
90.7 mm (3.6 in)
1995
59.2 mm (2.3 in)
1996
95.5 mm (3.8 in)
1997
83.1 mm (3.3 in)
1998
81.5 mm (3.2 in)
1999
147.3 mm (5.8 in)
2000
92.2 mm (3.6 in)
2001
118.1 mm (4.6 in)
2002
78.2 mm (3.1 in)
2003
66.0 mm (2.6 in)
2004
111.8 mm (4.4 in)
2005
133.4 mm (5.3 in)
2006
74.4 mm (2.9 in)
2007
120.7 mm (4.8 in)
2008
206.0 mm (8.1 in)
2009
180.8 mm (7.1 in)
2010
58.2 mm (2.3 in)
2011
123.7 mm (4.9 in)
2012
97.8 mm (3.9 in)
2013
94.5 mm (3.7 in)
2014
66.0 mm (2.6 in)
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
The wettest five days of the year at Leola, 1943 to 2014. The record is 298.4 mm (11.7 in) in 1958, marked on the chart; the median year is 141.9 mm (5.6 in).
Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Leola by year
Year
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
1943
57.2 mm (2.3 in)
1944
91.4 mm (3.6 in)
1945
206.2 mm (8.1 in)
1946
134.7 mm (5.3 in)
1947
106.2 mm (4.2 in)
1948
131.8 mm (5.2 in)
1949
152.5 mm (6.0 in)
1950
151.6 mm (6.0 in)
1951
172.7 mm (6.8 in)
1952
105.7 mm (4.2 in)
1953
137.0 mm (5.4 in)
1954
83.1 mm (3.3 in)
1955
119.6 mm (4.7 in)
1956
155.2 mm (6.1 in)
1957
188.2 mm (7.4 in)
1958
298.4 mm (11.7 in)
1959
103.7 mm (4.1 in)
1960
187.5 mm (7.4 in)
1961
143.3 mm (5.6 in)
1962
171.2 mm (6.7 in)
1963
235.2 mm (9.3 in)
1964
174.6 mm (6.9 in)
1965
178.1 mm (7.0 in)
1966
183.8 mm (7.2 in)
1967
114.8 mm (4.5 in)
1968
210.1 mm (8.3 in)
1969
131.1 mm (5.2 in)
1970
131.1 mm (5.2 in)
1971
174.8 mm (6.9 in)
1972
121.5 mm (4.8 in)
1973
173.2 mm (6.8 in)
1974
258.1 mm (10.2 in)
1975
125.0 mm (4.9 in)
1976
120.1 mm (4.7 in)
1977
93.3 mm (3.7 in)
1978
140.5 mm (5.5 in)
1979
134.6 mm (5.3 in)
1980
288.4 mm (11.4 in)
1981
100.6 mm (4.0 in)
1982
175.5 mm (6.9 in)
1983
151.9 mm (6.0 in)
1984
216.0 mm (8.5 in)
1985
170.0 mm (6.7 in)
1986
113.3 mm (4.5 in)
1987
266.7 mm (10.5 in)
1988
123.5 mm (4.9 in)
1989
138.0 mm (5.4 in)
1990
241.1 mm (9.5 in)
1991
158.2 mm (6.2 in)
1992
93.7 mm (3.7 in)
1993
165.8 mm (6.5 in)
1994
207.1 mm (8.2 in)
1995
75.2 mm (3.0 in)
1996
99.8 mm (3.9 in)
1997
127.5 mm (5.0 in)
1998
139.9 mm (5.5 in)
1999
147.3 mm (5.8 in)
2000
132.3 mm (5.2 in)
2001
195.5 mm (7.7 in)
2002
111.8 mm (4.4 in)
2003
78.2 mm (3.1 in)
2004
162.1 mm (6.4 in)
2005
142.8 mm (5.6 in)
2006
96.2 mm (3.8 in)
2007
215.1 mm (8.5 in)
2008
287.0 mm (11.3 in)
2009
266.4 mm (10.5 in)
2010
92.2 mm (3.6 in)
2011
167.7 mm (6.6 in)
2012
141.0 mm (5.6 in)
2013
108.5 mm (4.3 in)
2014
118.3 mm (4.7 in)
Longest dry spell (CDD)
The longest dry spell of the year at Leola, 1943 to 2014. The record is 44 days in 1997, marked on the chart; the median year is 21 days.
Longest dry spell (CDD) at Leola by year
Year
Longest dry spell (CDD)
1943
28 days
1944
36 days
1945
17 days
1946
31 days
1947
43 days
1948
29 days
1949
16 days
1950
16 days
1951
15 days
1952
19 days
1953
26 days
1954
22 days
1955
20 days
1956
33 days
1957
20 days
1958
24 days
1959
23 days
1960
18 days
1961
21 days
1962
20 days
1963
33 days
1964
18 days
1965
22 days
1966
43 days
1967
25 days
1968
16 days
1969
19 days
1970
26 days
1971
22 days
1972
18 days
1973
20 days
1974
17 days
1975
22 days
1976
16 days
1977
19 days
1978
17 days
1979
15 days
1980
35 days
1981
26 days
1982
23 days
1983
21 days
1984
11 days
1985
18 days
1986
17 days
1987
19 days
1988
20 days
1989
14 days
1990
17 days
1991
21 days
1992
12 days
1993
20 days
1994
15 days
1995
27 days
1996
23 days
1997
44 days
1998
31 days
1999
33 days
2000
33 days
2001
36 days
2002
19 days
2003
28 days
2004
20 days
2005
32 days
2006
21 days
2007
29 days
2008
20 days
2009
16 days
2010
33 days
2011
33 days
2012
19 days
2013
36 days
2014
19 days
Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.
Frost Dates and Growing Season
33 years with a frost
Across 33 years with a frost, the median last spring frost at Leola falls on 5 April and the median first autumn frost on 28 October, which leaves a median of 212 days between them.
Fitted over all years, the growing season changes by +5.7 days per decade at this station.
Frost dates and growing season at Leola
Measure
Median, all years
Earliest period
Recent period (1967 to 2014)
Recent against earliest
Fitted trend
Last spring frost
5 April
n/a
5 April
n/a
-0.9 days per decade
First autumn frost
28 October
n/a
29 October
n/a
+4.8 days per decade
Growing days
212 days
n/a
212 days
n/a
+5.7 days per decade
A frost day is a day with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F). The last spring frost and the first autumn frost are the last and first such days of the cold season, and growing days are the days between them. A negative trend for the last spring frost means it comes earlier.
Rainfall Return Levels
63 years, 1945 to 2014
A day with at least 97.0 mm (3.8 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 205.0 mm (8.1 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.
Rainfall return levels at Leola: the daily rain expected about once in a given number of years
Expected about once in
A day with at least
Note
2 years
97.0 mm (3.8 in)
5 years
126.6 mm (5.0 in)
10 years
145.9 mm (5.7 in)
25 years
170.0 mm (6.7 in)
50 years
187.6 mm (7.4 in)
100 years
205.0 mm (8.1 in)
Longer than the 63 years of record
The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 63 years of values from 1945 to 2014.
A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.
The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 206.0 mm (8.1 in) in 2008; 185.9 mm (7.3 in) in 1958; 180.8 mm (7.1 in) in 2009.
Download the Data
Data for Leola standing records by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Data for Leola threshold days by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-14 (14 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.