Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Murfreesboro 1W (USC00035079), Arkansas, United States, with 57 years of record.
Key Facts for Murfreesboro 1W
Murfreesboro 1W (USC00035079) is a weather station in Arkansas, United States at 34.08 latitude and -93.70 longitude, 113 m (370 ft) above sea level.
The station reports from 1970 to 2026, 57 years of record.
1,464 records set at Murfreesboro 1W still stand.
Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
Murfreesboro 1W set a daily record precipitation of 20.6 mm (0.8 in) on 12 June 2026.
About the Station
Location: Arkansas, United States, 34.08 latitude, -93.70 longitude.
Elevation: 113 m (370 ft).
Period of record: 1970 to 2026, 57 years.
Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd.
Daily Record Envelope and 2026
0 days at or beyond a record
Record highRecord low2026 daily maximum2026 daily minimum
The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Murfreesboro 1W. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 0 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
Daily record high and record low at Murfreesboro 1W, with 2026 drawn through them
Month
Highest record high
Lowest record low
2026 highest maximum
2026 lowest minimum
Jan
25.6 C (78.1 F)
-18.3 C (-0.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Feb
30.0 C (86.0 F)
-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Mar
30.0 C (86.0 F)
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Apr
33.9 C (93.0 F)
-5.6 C (21.9 F)
n/a
n/a
May
35.0 C (95.0 F)
0.6 C (33.1 F)
32.2 C (90.0 F)
19.4 C (66.9 F)
Jun
40.0 C (104.0 F)
7.8 C (46.0 F)
33.3 C (91.9 F)
18.9 C (66.0 F)
Jul
42.2 C (108.0 F)
11.1 C (52.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Aug
42.8 C (109.0 F)
10.6 C (51.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Sep
42.2 C (108.0 F)
0.6 C (33.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Oct
33.3 C (91.9 F)
-6.1 C (21.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Nov
30.0 C (86.0 F)
-12.8 C (9.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Dec
26.7 C (80.1 F)
-18.9 C (-2.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Which Years Hold Standing Records
1,464 standing records
Year with most
1,464 records at Murfreesboro 1W still stand. 1976 holds the most, with 54.
Standing records at Murfreesboro 1W by the year they were set
Year set
Standing records
1970
18
1971
29
1972
43
1973
22
1974
46
1975
33
1976
54
1977
24
1978
27
1979
27
1980
53
1981
37
1982
29
1983
24
1984
31
1985
35
1986
31
1987
24
1988
19
1989
48
1990
13
1991
30
1992
17
1993
20
1994
12
1995
18
1996
32
1997
23
1998
25
1999
13
2000
41
2001
17
2002
3
2004
16
2005
32
2006
35
2007
22
2008
22
2009
23
2010
22
2011
50
2012
29
2013
25
2014
41
2015
14
2016
14
2017
23
2018
22
2019
26
2020
18
2021
33
2022
25
2023
16
2024
21
2025
17
All-Time Record Progression
5 new records
5 all-time records were set at Murfreesboro 1W between 4 August 2011 and 18 February 2021. Each dot is a new record.
When Murfreesboro 1W set new all-time records
Date
Kind
Detail
2011-08-04
Record high maximum temperature
Record high maximum temperature 42.8 C (109.0 F)
2019-07-16
Record daily precipitation
Record daily precipitation 231.1 mm (9.1 in)
2021-02-16
Record low minimum temperature
Record low minimum temperature -24.4 C (-11.9 F)
2021-02-17
Record low minimum temperature
Record low minimum temperature -25.0 C (-13.0 F)
2021-02-18
Record snow depth
Record snow depth 38.1 cm (15.0 in)
Wettest Day of Each Month
Jul: 231.1 mm (9.1 in)
The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Murfreesboro 1W. The most was 231.1 mm (9.1 in) on 16 July 2019.
Record daily precipitation for each month at Murfreesboro 1W
Month
Record daily precipitation (mm)
Date
Jan
97.0 mm (3.8 in)
14 January 2007
Feb
87.6 mm (3.4 in)
9 February 2023
Mar
136.4 mm (5.4 in)
8 March 1990
Apr
180.8 mm (7.1 in)
5 April 2025
May
213.4 mm (8.4 in)
28 May 1998
Jun
101.6 mm (4.0 in)
15 June 2000
Jul
231.1 mm (9.1 in)
16 July 2019
Aug
142.2 mm (5.6 in)
10 August 2018
Sep
180.3 mm (7.1 in)
28 September 1980
Oct
172.7 mm (6.8 in)
28 October 1991
Nov
137.9 mm (5.4 in)
16 November 1978
Dec
206.2 mm (8.1 in)
28 December 2015
Period of Record Coverage
1970 to 2026
Complete yearUnder 90 percent of days
56 years of record at Murfreesboro 1W, 1970 to 2026. 12 years have data for under 90 percent of days and are left out of rankings: 1970, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1982, 2001, 2002, 2004 and others.
Cooler than the station meanWarmer than the station mean
One stripe for each of 45 complete years at Murfreesboro 1W, 1971 to 2023. Blue stripes are years cooler than the station's own mean of 15.8 C (60.5 F); red stripes are warmer. The coolest year was 2014, at 14.4 C (57.9 F), and the warmest was 1999, at 17.4 C (63.4 F). The strongest colour marks a difference of 1.6 C (2.9 F).
Annual mean temperature at Murfreesboro 1W as warming stripes, 1971 to 2023
Year
Annual mean temperature
Difference from the station mean
1971
16.2 C
+0.35 C
1972
15.9 C
+0.08 C
1973
16.0 C
+0.22 C
1974
16.0 C
+0.22 C
1975
15.8 C
-0.03 C
1976
14.5 C
-1.31 C
1977
16.4 C
+0.59 C
1979
14.9 C
-0.90 C
1980
16.5 C
+0.72 C
1981
15.4 C
-0.38 C
1982
15.7 C
-0.16 C
1983
14.7 C
-1.12 C
1984
15.4 C
-0.46 C
1985
15.8 C
-0.07 C
1986
16.5 C
+0.67 C
1987
16.2 C
+0.39 C
1988
15.4 C
-0.39 C
1989
14.9 C
-0.95 C
1990
16.2 C
+0.41 C
1991
15.9 C
+0.07 C
1993
15.0 C
-0.80 C
1994
15.5 C
-0.32 C
1995
15.6 C
-0.21 C
1996
15.0 C
-0.81 C
1999
17.4 C
+1.60 C
2000
16.4 C
+0.59 C
2005
16.6 C
+0.79 C
2006
16.3 C
+0.46 C
2007
16.2 C
+0.39 C
2008
15.4 C
-0.39 C
2009
15.3 C
-0.56 C
2010
15.8 C
-0.04 C
2011
16.3 C
+0.51 C
2012
17.1 C
+1.24 C
2013
15.1 C
-0.74 C
2014
14.4 C
-1.42 C
2015
15.9 C
+0.11 C
2016
16.6 C
+0.77 C
2017
16.5 C
+0.69 C
2018
15.7 C
-0.10 C
2019
15.7 C
-0.13 C
2020
15.7 C
-0.16 C
2021
15.7 C
-0.09 C
2022
15.9 C
+0.06 C
2023
16.5 C
+0.67 C
The fitted trend in annual mean temperature here over 1971 to 2023 is 0.1 C (-0.1 to 0.2) per decade. The interval includes zero, so the trend is not clearly different from zero. In Fahrenheit: 0.1 F (-0.1 to 0.3) per decade. The slope is a straight line fitted to 45 complete years; the brackets give its 95 percent interval.
Fitted temperature trends per decade at Murfreesboro 1W
Measure
Per decade (C)
Per decade (F)
Period
Complete years
Reading
Annual mean temperature
0.1 C (-0.1 to 0.2) per decade
0.1 F (-0.1 to 0.3) per decade
1971 to 2023
45
Not clearly different from zero
Mean daily maximum
-0.01 C (-0.17 to 0.15) per decade
-0.02 F (-0.31 to 0.26) per decade
1971 to 2023
45
Not clearly different from zero
Mean daily minimum
0.13 C (-0.01 to 0.27) per decade
0.23 F (-0.03 to 0.48) per decade
1971 to 2023
45
Not clearly different from zero
A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.
Extremes by Year
1970 to 2026
Yearly extremes at Murfreesboro 1W: the record and the median year
Measure
Record
Year of the record
Median year
Years with a value
Hottest day (TXx)
42.8 C (109.0 F)
2011
37.2 C (99.0 F)
56
Coldest night (TNn)
-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
2021
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
56
Wettest day (Rx1day)
231.1 mm (9.1 in)
2019
101.9 mm (4.0 in)
56
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
373.6 mm (14.7 in)
2019
151.4 mm (6.0 in)
55
Longest dry spell (CDD)
44 days
2007
21 days
56
Hottest day (TXx)
The hottest day of the year at Murfreesboro 1W, 1970 to 2026. The record is 42.8 C (109.0 F) in 2011, marked on the chart; the median year is 37.2 C (99.0 F).
Hottest day (TXx) at Murfreesboro 1W by year
Year
Hottest day (TXx)
1970
36.1 C (97.0 F)
1971
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1972
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1973
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1974
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1975
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1976
37.2 C (99.0 F)
1977
37.2 C (99.0 F)
1978
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1979
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1980
42.2 C (108.0 F)
1981
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1982
37.2 C (99.0 F)
1983
37.8 C (100.0 F)
1984
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1985
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1986
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1987
37.8 C (100.0 F)
1988
37.2 C (99.0 F)
1989
35.0 C (95.0 F)
1990
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1991
34.4 C (93.9 F)
1992
33.3 C (91.9 F)
1993
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1994
34.4 C (93.9 F)
1995
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1996
34.4 C (93.9 F)
1997
37.2 C (99.0 F)
1998
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1999
40.6 C (105.1 F)
2000
42.2 C (108.0 F)
2001
37.2 C (99.0 F)
2002
25.0 C (77.0 F)
2004
35.0 C (95.0 F)
2005
37.8 C (100.0 F)
2006
39.4 C (102.9 F)
2007
39.4 C (102.9 F)
2008
40.0 C (104.0 F)
2009
36.7 C (98.1 F)
2010
38.9 C (102.0 F)
2011
42.8 C (109.0 F)
2012
40.0 C (104.0 F)
2013
36.1 C (97.0 F)
2014
33.9 C (93.0 F)
2015
38.3 C (100.9 F)
2016
37.2 C (99.0 F)
2017
34.4 C (93.9 F)
2018
39.4 C (102.9 F)
2019
36.7 C (98.1 F)
2020
34.4 C (93.9 F)
2021
36.7 C (98.1 F)
2022
39.4 C (102.9 F)
2023
39.4 C (102.9 F)
2024
40.6 C (105.1 F)
2025
37.8 C (100.0 F)
2026
33.3 C (91.9 F)
Coldest night (TNn)
The coldest night of the year at Murfreesboro 1W, 1970 to 2026. The record is -25.0 C (-13.0 F) in 2021, marked on the chart; the median year is -11.7 C (10.9 F).
Coldest night (TNn) at Murfreesboro 1W by year
Year
Coldest night (TNn)
1970
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
1971
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
1972
-12.2 C (10.0 F)
1973
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
1974
-8.9 C (16.0 F)
1975
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
1976
-13.9 C (7.0 F)
1977
-15.0 C (5.0 F)
1978
-12.2 C (10.0 F)
1979
-13.9 C (7.0 F)
1980
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
1981
-15.0 C (5.0 F)
1982
-18.3 C (-0.9 F)
1983
-18.9 C (-2.0 F)
1984
-14.4 C (6.1 F)
1985
-17.8 C (0.0 F)
1986
-9.4 C (15.1 F)
1987
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
1988
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
1989
-18.9 C (-2.0 F)
1990
-13.3 C (8.1 F)
1991
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
1992
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
1993
-8.3 C (17.1 F)
1994
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
1995
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
1996
-15.6 C (3.9 F)
1997
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
1998
-8.3 C (17.1 F)
1999
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
2000
-9.4 C (15.1 F)
2001
-12.8 C (9.0 F)
2002
-4.4 C (24.1 F)
2004
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
2005
-12.8 C (9.0 F)
2006
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
2007
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
2008
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
2009
-8.9 C (16.0 F)
2010
-13.3 C (8.1 F)
2011
-13.3 C (8.1 F)
2012
-8.9 C (16.0 F)
2013
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
2014
-13.3 C (8.1 F)
2015
-12.2 C (10.0 F)
2016
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
2017
-16.1 C (3.0 F)
2018
-17.2 C (1.0 F)
2019
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
2020
-8.9 C (16.0 F)
2021
-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
2022
-18.3 C (-0.9 F)
2023
-7.8 C (18.0 F)
2024
-17.8 C (0.0 F)
2025
-15.6 C (3.9 F)
2026
18.9 C (66.0 F)
Wettest day (Rx1day)
The wettest day of the year at Murfreesboro 1W, 1970 to 2026. The record is 231.1 mm (9.1 in) in 2019, marked on the chart; the median year is 101.9 mm (4.0 in).
Wettest day (Rx1day) at Murfreesboro 1W by year
Year
Wettest day (Rx1day)
1970
47.8 mm (1.9 in)
1971
112.3 mm (4.4 in)
1972
77.2 mm (3.0 in)
1973
102.1 mm (4.0 in)
1974
91.4 mm (3.6 in)
1975
74.2 mm (2.9 in)
1976
102.4 mm (4.0 in)
1977
78.2 mm (3.1 in)
1978
137.9 mm (5.4 in)
1979
118.1 mm (4.6 in)
1980
180.3 mm (7.1 in)
1981
58.9 mm (2.3 in)
1982
170.2 mm (6.7 in)
1983
222.0 mm (8.7 in)
1984
78.0 mm (3.1 in)
1985
83.6 mm (3.3 in)
1986
138.4 mm (5.4 in)
1987
91.2 mm (3.6 in)
1988
71.4 mm (2.8 in)
1989
80.3 mm (3.2 in)
1990
157.7 mm (6.2 in)
1991
172.7 mm (6.8 in)
1992
92.7 mm (3.6 in)
1993
137.2 mm (5.4 in)
1994
102.9 mm (4.1 in)
1995
101.1 mm (4.0 in)
1996
100.6 mm (4.0 in)
1997
78.2 mm (3.1 in)
1998
213.4 mm (8.4 in)
1999
86.1 mm (3.4 in)
2000
101.6 mm (4.0 in)
2001
100.8 mm (4.0 in)
2002
14.2 mm (0.6 in)
2004
114.3 mm (4.5 in)
2005
107.2 mm (4.2 in)
2006
81.5 mm (3.2 in)
2007
97.0 mm (3.8 in)
2008
141.5 mm (5.6 in)
2009
132.3 mm (5.2 in)
2010
71.1 mm (2.8 in)
2011
104.1 mm (4.1 in)
2012
75.9 mm (3.0 in)
2013
132.3 mm (5.2 in)
2014
121.9 mm (4.8 in)
2015
206.2 mm (8.1 in)
2016
119.6 mm (4.7 in)
2017
107.2 mm (4.2 in)
2018
142.2 mm (5.6 in)
2019
231.1 mm (9.1 in)
2020
94.2 mm (3.7 in)
2021
78.5 mm (3.1 in)
2022
76.5 mm (3.0 in)
2023
129.5 mm (5.1 in)
2024
89.2 mm (3.5 in)
2025
180.8 mm (7.1 in)
2026
20.6 mm (0.8 in)
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
The wettest five days of the year at Murfreesboro 1W, 1970 to 2026. The record is 373.6 mm (14.7 in) in 2019, marked on the chart; the median year is 151.4 mm (6.0 in).
Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Murfreesboro 1W by year
Year
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
1970
76.8 mm (3.0 in)
1971
129.6 mm (5.1 in)
1972
182.9 mm (7.2 in)
1973
182.3 mm (7.2 in)
1974
203.4 mm (8.0 in)
1975
142.8 mm (5.6 in)
1976
175.3 mm (6.9 in)
1977
116.9 mm (4.6 in)
1978
268.7 mm (10.6 in)
1979
133.3 mm (5.2 in)
1980
286.9 mm (11.3 in)
1981
144.8 mm (5.7 in)
1982
182.9 mm (7.2 in)
1983
320.6 mm (12.6 in)
1984
121.2 mm (4.8 in)
1985
94.8 mm (3.7 in)
1986
204.7 mm (8.1 in)
1987
200.9 mm (7.9 in)
1988
138.0 mm (5.4 in)
1989
147.6 mm (5.8 in)
1990
224.3 mm (8.8 in)
1991
232.4 mm (9.1 in)
1992
165.1 mm (6.5 in)
1993
246.8 mm (9.7 in)
1994
151.4 mm (6.0 in)
1995
101.9 mm (4.0 in)
1996
152.9 mm (6.0 in)
1997
106.1 mm (4.2 in)
1998
217.0 mm (8.5 in)
1999
106.7 mm (4.2 in)
2000
140.7 mm (5.5 in)
2001
120.6 mm (4.7 in)
2002
14.2 mm (0.6 in)
2004
149.4 mm (5.9 in)
2005
112.5 mm (4.4 in)
2006
141.9 mm (5.6 in)
2007
222.5 mm (8.8 in)
2008
218.4 mm (8.6 in)
2009
224.9 mm (8.9 in)
2010
104.9 mm (4.1 in)
2011
141.2 mm (5.6 in)
2012
109.4 mm (4.3 in)
2013
202.7 mm (8.0 in)
2014
127.2 mm (5.0 in)
2015
249.8 mm (9.8 in)
2016
206.2 mm (8.1 in)
2017
173.5 mm (6.8 in)
2018
275.1 mm (10.8 in)
2019
373.6 mm (14.7 in)
2020
148.2 mm (5.8 in)
2021
119.6 mm (4.7 in)
2022
95.3 mm (3.8 in)
2023
201.9 mm (7.9 in)
2024
146.6 mm (5.8 in)
2025
277.3 mm (10.9 in)
2026
n/a
Longest dry spell (CDD)
The longest dry spell of the year at Murfreesboro 1W, 1970 to 2026. The record is 44 days in 2007, marked on the chart; the median year is 21 days.
Longest dry spell (CDD) at Murfreesboro 1W by year
Year
Longest dry spell (CDD)
1970
27 days
1971
21 days
1972
20 days
1973
14 days
1974
19 days
1975
33 days
1976
18 days
1977
20 days
1978
29 days
1979
20 days
1980
37 days
1981
27 days
1982
19 days
1983
19 days
1984
15 days
1985
18 days
1986
26 days
1987
33 days
1988
19 days
1989
22 days
1990
16 days
1991
16 days
1992
30 days
1993
33 days
1994
28 days
1995
27 days
1996
19 days
1997
15 days
1998
29 days
1999
28 days
2000
28 days
2001
26 days
2002
10 days
2004
17 days
2005
32 days
2006
23 days
2007
44 days
2008
19 days
2009
16 days
2010
26 days
2011
19 days
2012
30 days
2013
21 days
2014
21 days
2015
24 days
2016
19 days
2017
22 days
2018
14 days
2019
20 days
2020
16 days
2021
12 days
2022
20 days
2023
23 days
2024
35 days
2025
14 days
2026
3 days
Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.
Frost Dates and Growing Season
45 years with a frost
Across 45 years with a frost, the median last spring frost at Murfreesboro 1W falls on 6 April and the median first autumn frost on 4 November, which leaves a median of 214 days between them.
Fitted over all years, the growing season changes by -2.2 days per decade at this station.
Frost dates and growing season at Murfreesboro 1W
Measure
Median, all years
Earliest period
Recent period (1987 to 2023)
Recent against earliest
Fitted trend
Last spring frost
6 April
n/a
6 April
n/a
+0.4 days per decade
First autumn frost
4 November
n/a
1 November
n/a
-1.8 days per decade
Growing days
214 days
n/a
213 days
n/a
-2.2 days per decade
A frost day is a day with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F). The last spring frost and the first autumn frost are the last and first such days of the cold season, and growing days are the days between them. A negative trend for the last spring frost means it comes earlier.
Rainfall Return Levels
47 years, 1971 to 2022
A day with at least 104.6 mm (4.1 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 288.3 mm (11.4 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.
Rainfall return levels at Murfreesboro 1W: the daily rain expected about once in a given number of years
Expected about once in
A day with at least
Note
2 years
104.6 mm (4.1 in)
5 years
141.6 mm (5.6 in)
10 years
170.3 mm (6.7 in)
25 years
212.3 mm (8.4 in)
50 years
248.2 mm (9.8 in)
Longer than the 47 years of record
100 years
288.3 mm (11.4 in)
Longer than the 47 years of record
The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 47 years of values from 1971 to 2022.
A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.
The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 231.1 mm (9.1 in) in 2019; 222.0 mm (8.7 in) in 1983; 213.4 mm (8.4 in) in 1998.
Station Changes
No change in the annual mean temperature of this station was found against its neighbours.
Climate Twins
2009 to 2023 against 1961 to 1990
Over 2009 to 2023, Murfreesboro 1W had a mean temperature of 15.9 C (60.6 F) and 1,593.7 mm (62.7 in) of rain a year. The 3 stations whose 1961 to 1990 climate was closest to that are Water Valley (United States, 374 km away), Vernon (United States, 516 km away) and Huntsville Intnl AP (United States, 638 km away).
Climate twins of Murfreesboro 1W: stations whose 1961 to 1990 climate is closest to its 2009 to 2023 climate
Twins are stations, not cities. A twin is one of the three stations at least 100 km away whose earlier climate is closest to this station's recent one, so a close match does not mean the two places look alike in other ways. A station move or a gap in a record can change that station's averages. The list describes past climate; it is not a forecast and does not say what caused any change. How twins are found, and a search for any station.
Download the Data
Data for Murfreesboro 1W standing records by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Data for Murfreesboro 1W threshold days by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-14 (14 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.