Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Santa Maria (USC00047940), California, United States, with 67 years of record.
Key Facts for Santa Maria
Santa Maria (USC00047940) is a weather station in California, United States at 34.95 latitude and -120.43 longitude, 67 m (220 ft) above sea level.
The station reports from 1893 to 1959, 67 years of record.
1,464 records set at Santa Maria still stand.
Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
Santa Maria set a daily record high maximum temperature of 28.9 C (84.0 F) on 3 April 1959.
About the Station
Location: California, United States, 34.95 latitude, -120.43 longitude.
Elevation: 67 m (220 ft).
Period of record: 1893 to 1959, 67 years.
Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp.
Daily Record Envelope and 2026
0 days at or beyond a record
Record highRecord low2026 daily maximum2026 daily minimum
The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Santa Maria. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 0 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
Daily record high and record low at Santa Maria, with 2026 drawn through them
Month
Highest record high
Lowest record low
2026 highest maximum
2026 lowest minimum
Jan
29.4 C (84.9 F)
-6.1 C (21.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Feb
31.7 C (89.1 F)
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Mar
32.8 C (91.0 F)
-5.0 C (23.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Apr
36.7 C (98.1 F)
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
n/a
n/a
May
38.9 C (102.0 F)
-2.8 C (27.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Jun
42.8 C (109.0 F)
1.7 C (35.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Jul
39.4 C (102.9 F)
4.4 C (39.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Aug
34.4 C (93.9 F)
4.4 C (39.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Sep
41.1 C (106.0 F)
0.0 C (32.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Oct
40.0 C (104.0 F)
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Nov
34.4 C (93.9 F)
-6.1 C (21.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Dec
33.3 C (91.9 F)
-5.6 C (21.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Which Years Hold Standing Records
1,464 standing records
Year with most
1,464 records at Santa Maria still stand. 1918 holds the most, with 119.
Standing records at Santa Maria by the year they were set
Year set
Standing records
1893
23
1894
32
1895
22
1896
50
1897
22
1898
41
1899
36
1900
38
1901
31
1902
19
1903
32
1904
33
1905
21
1906
29
1907
15
1908
9
1909
21
1910
59
1911
52
1912
12
1917
25
1918
119
1919
71
1920
61
1921
43
1922
18
1923
17
1924
14
1925
17
1926
21
1927
16
1928
9
1929
28
1930
20
1931
24
1932
15
1933
19
1934
13
1935
18
1936
13
1937
10
1938
12
1939
26
1940
10
1941
10
1942
6
1943
11
1944
9
1945
8
1946
8
1947
11
1948
13
1949
28
1950
15
1951
9
1952
11
1953
15
1954
11
1955
24
1956
19
1957
6
1958
11
1959
3
All-Time Record Progression
3 new records
3 all-time records were set at Santa Maria between 20 June 1929 and 10 February 1938. Each dot is a new record.
When Santa Maria set new all-time records
Date
Kind
Detail
1929-06-20
Record high maximum temperature
Record high maximum temperature 42.2 C (108.0 F)
1929-06-21
Record high maximum temperature
Record high maximum temperature 42.8 C (109.0 F)
1938-02-10
Record daily precipitation
Record daily precipitation 90.2 mm (3.6 in)
Wettest Day of Each Month
Feb: 90.2 mm (3.6 in)
The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Santa Maria. The most was 90.2 mm (3.6 in) on 10 February 1938.
Record daily precipitation for each month at Santa Maria
Month
Record daily precipitation (mm)
Date
Jan
78.7 mm (3.1 in)
6 January 1901
Feb
90.2 mm (3.6 in)
10 February 1938
Mar
61.5 mm (2.4 in)
30 March 1946
Apr
45.7 mm (1.8 in)
6 April 1923
May
29.2 mm (1.1 in)
27 May 1906
Jun
43.9 mm (1.7 in)
4 June 1933
Jul
15.7 mm (0.6 in)
10 July 1950
Aug
21.6 mm (0.9 in)
22 August 1904
Sep
33.0 mm (1.3 in)
23 September 1904
Oct
71.1 mm (2.8 in)
22 October 1907
Nov
61.0 mm (2.4 in)
9 November 1902
Dec
72.1 mm (2.8 in)
28 December 1941
Period of Record Coverage
1893 to 1959
Complete yearUnder 90 percent of days
63 years of record at Santa Maria, 1893 to 1959. 7 years have data for under 90 percent of days and are left out of rankings: 1894, 1895, 1900, 1901, 1912, 1917, 1959.
Cooler than the station meanWarmer than the station mean
One stripe for each of 51 complete years at Santa Maria, 1896 to 1958. Blue stripes are years cooler than the station's own mean of 14.3 C (57.8 F); red stripes are warmer. The coolest year was 1918, at 12.8 C (55.1 F), and the warmest was 1896, at 15.7 C (60.3 F). The strongest colour marks a difference of 1.6 C (2.9 F).
Annual mean temperature at Santa Maria as warming stripes, 1896 to 1958
Year
Annual mean temperature
Difference from the station mean
1896
15.7 C
+1.41 C
1898
15.4 C
+1.03 C
1899
15.0 C
+0.68 C
1902
14.3 C
-0.03 C
1903
15.2 C
+0.84 C
1904
15.5 C
+1.19 C
1905
14.7 C
+0.38 C
1906
15.1 C
+0.79 C
1907
14.8 C
+0.50 C
1908
14.1 C
-0.20 C
1909
14.6 C
+0.25 C
1910
15.7 C
+1.33 C
1918
12.8 C
-1.51 C
1920
12.8 C
-1.50 C
1921
13.5 C
-0.84 C
1922
13.6 C
-0.73 C
1923
14.0 C
-0.32 C
1924
13.8 C
-0.57 C
1925
14.6 C
+0.27 C
1926
15.1 C
+0.82 C
1927
14.1 C
-0.18 C
1928
14.3 C
-0.02 C
1929
14.2 C
-0.14 C
1930
14.0 C
-0.28 C
1931
14.5 C
+0.13 C
1932
13.7 C
-0.61 C
1933
13.3 C
-1.01 C
1934
15.3 C
+0.97 C
1935
13.9 C
-0.45 C
1936
14.8 C
+0.48 C
1937
13.9 C
-0.40 C
1938
14.5 C
+0.14 C
1939
14.3 C
+0.00 C
1940
15.5 C
+1.20 C
1941
15.3 C
+0.95 C
1942
14.4 C
+0.03 C
1943
14.4 C
+0.11 C
1944
13.7 C
-0.58 C
1945
14.2 C
-0.11 C
1946
13.8 C
-0.53 C
1947
14.4 C
+0.03 C
1948
13.5 C
-0.86 C
1949
13.7 C
-0.62 C
1950
14.2 C
-0.09 C
1951
14.0 C
-0.35 C
1952
13.5 C
-0.82 C
1953
14.1 C
-0.24 C
1955
13.3 C
-1.04 C
1956
13.8 C
-0.57 C
1957
14.5 C
+0.14 C
1958
15.2 C
+0.92 C
The annual mean temperature here has fallen by 0.15 C (0.04 to 0.26) per decade over 1896 to 1958. In Fahrenheit: 0.3 F (0.1 to 0.5) per decade. The slope is a straight line fitted to 51 complete years; the brackets give its 95 percent interval.
Fitted temperature trends per decade at Santa Maria
Measure
Per decade (C)
Per decade (F)
Period
Complete years
Reading
Annual mean temperature
-0.15 C (-0.26 to -0.04) per decade
-0.3 F (-0.5 to -0.1) per decade
1896 to 1958
51
Fall
Mean daily maximum
0.01 C (-0.11 to 0.14) per decade
0.02 F (-0.20 to 0.24) per decade
1896 to 1958
51
Not clearly different from zero
Mean daily minimum
-0.3 C (-0.5 to -0.2) per decade
-0.6 F (-0.8 to -0.3) per decade
1896 to 1958
51
Fall
A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.
Extremes by Year
1893 to 1959
Yearly extremes at Santa Maria: the record and the median year
Measure
Record
Year of the record
Median year
Years with a value
Hottest day (TXx)
42.8 C (109.0 F)
1929
35.6 C (96.1 F)
63
Coldest night (TNn)
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
1895
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
63
Wettest day (Rx1day)
90.2 mm (3.6 in)
1938
41.4 mm (1.6 in)
63
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
201.7 mm (7.9 in)
1918
68.9 mm (2.7 in)
63
Longest dry spell (CDD)
217 days
1911
122 days
63
Hottest day (TXx)
The hottest day of the year at Santa Maria, 1893 to 1959. The record is 42.8 C (109.0 F) in 1929, marked on the chart; the median year is 35.6 C (96.1 F).
Hottest day (TXx) at Santa Maria by year
Year
Hottest day (TXx)
1893
31.1 C (88.0 F)
1894
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1895
34.4 C (93.9 F)
1896
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1897
33.3 C (91.9 F)
1898
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1899
31.1 C (88.0 F)
1900
33.9 C (93.0 F)
1901
37.2 C (99.0 F)
1902
34.4 C (93.9 F)
1903
35.0 C (95.0 F)
1904
35.0 C (95.0 F)
1905
33.3 C (91.9 F)
1906
37.8 C (100.0 F)
1907
31.1 C (88.0 F)
1908
31.7 C (89.1 F)
1909
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1910
33.3 C (91.9 F)
1911
32.8 C (91.0 F)
1912
31.1 C (88.0 F)
1917
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1918
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1919
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1920
29.4 C (84.9 F)
1921
37.8 C (100.0 F)
1922
33.3 C (91.9 F)
1923
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1924
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1925
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1926
35.0 C (95.0 F)
1927
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1928
32.8 C (91.0 F)
1929
42.8 C (109.0 F)
1930
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1931
34.4 C (93.9 F)
1932
32.2 C (90.0 F)
1933
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1934
37.2 C (99.0 F)
1935
33.9 C (93.0 F)
1936
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1937
31.7 C (89.1 F)
1938
36.1 C (97.0 F)
1939
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1940
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1941
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1942
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1943
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1944
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1945
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1946
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1947
36.1 C (97.0 F)
1948
33.3 C (91.9 F)
1949
34.4 C (93.9 F)
1950
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1951
34.4 C (93.9 F)
1952
31.7 C (89.1 F)
1953
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1954
30.6 C (87.1 F)
1955
35.0 C (95.0 F)
1956
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1957
32.8 C (91.0 F)
1958
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1959
35.0 C (95.0 F)
Coldest night (TNn)
The coldest night of the year at Santa Maria, 1893 to 1959. The record is -6.7 C (19.9 F) in 1895, marked on the chart; the median year is -2.2 C (28.0 F).
Coldest night (TNn) at Santa Maria by year
Year
Coldest night (TNn)
1893
-1.1 C (30.0 F)
1894
-3.3 C (26.1 F)
1895
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
1896
0.0 C (32.0 F)
1897
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1898
-5.0 C (23.0 F)
1899
-1.1 C (30.0 F)
1900
-3.3 C (26.1 F)
1901
-5.0 C (23.0 F)
1902
-3.3 C (26.1 F)
1903
-3.9 C (25.0 F)
1904
-3.9 C (25.0 F)
1905
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1906
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1907
0.0 C (32.0 F)
1908
-1.7 C (28.9 F)
1909
-4.4 C (24.1 F)
1910
-1.1 C (30.0 F)
1911
-5.6 C (21.9 F)
1912
-2.8 C (27.0 F)
1917
-0.6 C (30.9 F)
1918
-6.1 C (21.0 F)
1919
-4.4 C (24.1 F)
1920
-3.3 C (26.1 F)
1921
-4.4 C (24.1 F)
1922
-3.9 C (25.0 F)
1923
-3.3 C (26.1 F)
1924
-3.9 C (25.0 F)
1925
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1926
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1927
-0.6 C (30.9 F)
1928
-3.9 C (25.0 F)
1929
-2.8 C (27.0 F)
1930
-3.3 C (26.1 F)
1931
-3.9 C (25.0 F)
1932
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1933
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1934
0.6 C (33.1 F)
1935
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1936
-1.7 C (28.9 F)
1937
-4.4 C (24.1 F)
1938
-3.3 C (26.1 F)
1939
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1940
-0.6 C (30.9 F)
1941
-0.6 C (30.9 F)
1942
-1.1 C (30.0 F)
1943
-0.6 C (30.9 F)
1944
-0.6 C (30.9 F)
1945
-2.8 C (27.0 F)
1946
-1.7 C (28.9 F)
1947
-2.8 C (27.0 F)
1948
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1949
-6.1 C (21.0 F)
1950
-4.4 C (24.1 F)
1951
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1952
-1.7 C (28.9 F)
1953
-1.7 C (28.9 F)
1954
-1.7 C (28.9 F)
1955
-1.7 C (28.9 F)
1956
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1957
-1.7 C (28.9 F)
1958
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
1959
-1.1 C (30.0 F)
Wettest day (Rx1day)
The wettest day of the year at Santa Maria, 1893 to 1959. The record is 90.2 mm (3.6 in) in 1938, marked on the chart; the median year is 41.4 mm (1.6 in).
Wettest day (Rx1day) at Santa Maria by year
Year
Wettest day (Rx1day)
1893
60.5 mm (2.4 in)
1894
21.6 mm (0.9 in)
1895
31.8 mm (1.3 in)
1896
49.5 mm (1.9 in)
1897
29.7 mm (1.2 in)
1898
26.7 mm (1.1 in)
1899
40.6 mm (1.6 in)
1900
43.2 mm (1.7 in)
1901
78.7 mm (3.1 in)
1902
61.0 mm (2.4 in)
1903
25.4 mm (1.0 in)
1904
52.1 mm (2.1 in)
1905
59.7 mm (2.4 in)
1906
36.8 mm (1.4 in)
1907
71.1 mm (2.8 in)
1908
34.3 mm (1.4 in)
1909
77.5 mm (3.1 in)
1910
33.0 mm (1.3 in)
1911
56.9 mm (2.2 in)
1912
27.9 mm (1.1 in)
1917
7.9 mm (0.31 in)
1918
85.1 mm (3.4 in)
1919
18.8 mm (0.7 in)
1920
32.0 mm (1.3 in)
1921
46.7 mm (1.8 in)
1922
33.8 mm (1.3 in)
1923
45.7 mm (1.8 in)
1924
27.9 mm (1.1 in)
1925
58.7 mm (2.3 in)
1926
27.9 mm (1.1 in)
1927
41.4 mm (1.6 in)
1928
52.8 mm (2.1 in)
1929
28.4 mm (1.1 in)
1930
26.7 mm (1.1 in)
1931
41.9 mm (1.6 in)
1932
34.3 mm (1.4 in)
1933
48.8 mm (1.9 in)
1934
46.0 mm (1.8 in)
1935
41.9 mm (1.6 in)
1936
60.7 mm (2.4 in)
1937
37.8 mm (1.5 in)
1938
90.2 mm (3.6 in)
1939
32.3 mm (1.3 in)
1940
52.3 mm (2.1 in)
1941
72.1 mm (2.8 in)
1942
60.5 mm (2.4 in)
1943
68.8 mm (2.7 in)
1944
34.3 mm (1.4 in)
1945
57.9 mm (2.3 in)
1946
61.5 mm (2.4 in)
1947
14.0 mm (0.6 in)
1948
31.0 mm (1.2 in)
1949
46.5 mm (1.8 in)
1950
22.9 mm (0.9 in)
1951
21.3 mm (0.8 in)
1952
53.8 mm (2.1 in)
1953
46.7 mm (1.8 in)
1954
39.1 mm (1.5 in)
1955
46.5 mm (1.8 in)
1956
34.3 mm (1.4 in)
1957
26.7 mm (1.1 in)
1958
33.0 mm (1.3 in)
1959
40.1 mm (1.6 in)
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
The wettest five days of the year at Santa Maria, 1893 to 1959. The record is 201.7 mm (7.9 in) in 1918, marked on the chart; the median year is 68.9 mm (2.7 in).
Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Santa Maria by year
Year
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
1893
72.4 mm (2.9 in)
1894
28.0 mm (1.1 in)
1895
51.6 mm (2.0 in)
1896
63.8 mm (2.5 in)
1897
72.4 mm (2.9 in)
1898
31.7 mm (1.2 in)
1899
61.2 mm (2.4 in)
1900
108.7 mm (4.3 in)
1901
63.5 mm (2.5 in)
1902
73.9 mm (2.9 in)
1903
44.4 mm (1.7 in)
1904
71.2 mm (2.8 in)
1905
108.5 mm (4.3 in)
1906
68.6 mm (2.7 in)
1907
112.6 mm (4.4 in)
1908
79.4 mm (3.1 in)
1909
117.3 mm (4.6 in)
1910
50.7 mm (2.0 in)
1911
133.1 mm (5.2 in)
1912
23.9 mm (0.9 in)
1917
7.9 mm (0.31 in)
1918
201.7 mm (7.9 in)
1919
32.7 mm (1.3 in)
1920
67.3 mm (2.6 in)
1921
112.3 mm (4.4 in)
1922
68.9 mm (2.7 in)
1923
71.4 mm (2.8 in)
1924
43.4 mm (1.7 in)
1925
67.1 mm (2.6 in)
1926
73.9 mm (2.9 in)
1927
83.3 mm (3.3 in)
1928
76.0 mm (3.0 in)
1929
42.2 mm (1.7 in)
1930
52.1 mm (2.1 in)
1931
67.9 mm (2.7 in)
1932
53.9 mm (2.1 in)
1933
86.9 mm (3.4 in)
1934
60.7 mm (2.4 in)
1935
51.3 mm (2.0 in)
1936
113.0 mm (4.4 in)
1937
81.5 mm (3.2 in)
1938
114.0 mm (4.5 in)
1939
41.1 mm (1.6 in)
1940
91.8 mm (3.6 in)
1941
120.2 mm (4.7 in)
1942
108.1 mm (4.3 in)
1943
146.3 mm (5.8 in)
1944
72.9 mm (2.9 in)
1945
78.7 mm (3.1 in)
1946
81.8 mm (3.2 in)
1947
22.1 mm (0.9 in)
1948
48.0 mm (1.9 in)
1949
53.7 mm (2.1 in)
1950
38.7 mm (1.5 in)
1951
51.4 mm (2.0 in)
1952
91.7 mm (3.6 in)
1953
51.8 mm (2.0 in)
1954
68.1 mm (2.7 in)
1955
119.2 mm (4.7 in)
1956
70.4 mm (2.8 in)
1957
32.1 mm (1.3 in)
1958
89.3 mm (3.5 in)
1959
65.2 mm (2.6 in)
Longest dry spell (CDD)
The longest dry spell of the year at Santa Maria, 1893 to 1959. The record is 217 days in 1911, marked on the chart; the median year is 122 days.
Longest dry spell (CDD) at Santa Maria by year
Year
Longest dry spell (CDD)
1893
84 days
1894
34 days
1895
31 days
1896
58 days
1897
60 days
1898
46 days
1899
34 days
1900
146 days
1901
32 days
1902
93 days
1903
167 days
1904
112 days
1905
138 days
1906
160 days
1907
141 days
1908
142 days
1909
185 days
1910
170 days
1911
217 days
1912
122 days
1917
30 days
1918
22 days
1919
28 days
1920
17 days
1921
42 days
1922
61 days
1923
16 days
1924
62 days
1925
59 days
1926
118 days
1927
138 days
1928
172 days
1929
178 days
1930
101 days
1931
56 days
1932
117 days
1933
146 days
1934
132 days
1935
117 days
1936
97 days
1937
158 days
1938
134 days
1939
163 days
1940
163 days
1941
85 days
1942
164 days
1943
173 days
1944
142 days
1945
147 days
1946
128 days
1947
101 days
1948
104 days
1949
171 days
1950
105 days
1951
141 days
1952
160 days
1953
150 days
1954
196 days
1955
189 days
1956
146 days
1957
122 days
1958
107 days
1959
48 days
Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.
Frost Dates and Growing Season
39 years with a frost
Across 39 years with a frost, the median last spring frost at Santa Maria falls on 13 March and the median first autumn frost on 29 November, which leaves a median of 264 days between them.
Fitted over all years, the growing season changes by -1.6 days per decade at this station.
Frost dates and growing season at Santa Maria
Measure
Median, all years
Earliest period
Recent period (1920 to 1958)
Recent against earliest
Fitted trend
Last spring frost
13 March
n/a
14 March
n/a
+1.0 days per decade
First autumn frost
29 November
n/a
25 November
n/a
-0.5 days per decade
Growing days
264 days
n/a
264 days
n/a
-1.6 days per decade
A frost day is a day with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F). The last spring frost and the first autumn frost are the last and first such days of the cold season, and growing days are the days between them. A negative trend for the last spring frost means it comes earlier.
Rainfall Return Levels
42 years, 1900 to 1958
A day with at least 43.1 mm (1.7 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 93.4 mm (3.7 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.
Rainfall return levels at Santa Maria: the daily rain expected about once in a given number of years
Expected about once in
A day with at least
Note
2 years
43.1 mm (1.7 in)
5 years
58.4 mm (2.3 in)
10 years
67.7 mm (2.7 in)
25 years
78.7 mm (3.1 in)
50 years
86.3 mm (3.4 in)
Longer than the 42 years of record
100 years
93.4 mm (3.7 in)
Longer than the 42 years of record
The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 42 years of values from 1900 to 1958.
A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.
The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 90.2 mm (3.6 in) in 1938; 77.5 mm (3.1 in) in 1909; 72.1 mm (2.8 in) in 1941.
Station Changes
No change in the annual mean temperature of this station was found against its neighbours.
Download the Data
Data for Santa Maria standing records by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Data for Santa Maria threshold days by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-14 (14 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.