Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Upper Lake 2 N (USC00049173), California, United States, with 114 years of record.
Key Facts for Upper Lake 2 N
Upper Lake 2 N (USC00049173) is a weather station in California, United States at 39.19 latitude and -122.90 longitude, 407 m (1,335 ft) above sea level.
The station reports from 1893 to 2006, 114 years of record.
1,464 records set at Upper Lake 2 N still stand.
Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp, snow: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
Upper Lake 2 N tied a daily record high minimum temperature of 17.8 C (64.0 F) on 25 July 2006.
About the Station
Location: California, United States, 39.19 latitude, -122.90 longitude.
Elevation: 407 m (1,335 ft).
Period of record: 1893 to 2006, 114 years.
Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp, snow.
Daily Record Envelope and 2026
0 days at or beyond a record
Record highRecord low2026 daily maximum2026 daily minimum
The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Upper Lake 2 N. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 0 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
Daily record high and record low at Upper Lake 2 N, with 2026 drawn through them
Month
Highest record high
Lowest record low
2026 highest maximum
2026 lowest minimum
Jan
29.4 C (84.9 F)
-12.8 C (9.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Feb
36.1 C (97.0 F)
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Mar
32.2 C (90.0 F)
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Apr
33.9 C (93.0 F)
-4.4 C (24.1 F)
n/a
n/a
May
38.9 C (102.0 F)
-2.2 C (28.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Jun
42.8 C (109.0 F)
-1.1 C (30.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Jul
43.9 C (111.0 F)
0.0 C (32.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Aug
42.8 C (109.0 F)
0.6 C (33.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Sep
43.3 C (109.9 F)
-2.8 C (27.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Oct
40.0 C (104.0 F)
-8.3 C (17.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Nov
34.4 C (93.9 F)
-8.9 C (16.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Dec
26.7 C (80.1 F)
-12.2 C (10.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Which Years Hold Standing Records
1,464 standing records
Year with most
1,464 records at Upper Lake 2 N still stand. 1948 holds the most, with 62.
Standing records at Upper Lake 2 N by the year they were set
Year set
Standing records
1893
28
1894
47
1895
28
1896
46
1897
36
1898
35
1899
41
1900
20
1901
37
1902
16
1903
16
1904
32
1905
27
1906
38
1907
22
1908
12
1909
25
1910
26
1911
33
1912
17
1913
38
1914
21
1915
11
1917
21
1932
16
1933
21
1934
10
1935
11
1936
21
1937
16
1938
9
1939
10
1940
10
1941
16
1942
9
1943
6
1944
8
1945
17
1946
26
1947
44
1948
62
1949
39
1950
38
1951
10
1952
24
1953
24
1954
19
1955
43
1956
28
1957
18
1958
15
1959
19
1960
17
1961
21
1962
12
1963
16
1964
20
1965
9
1966
20
1967
29
2002
8
2003
20
2004
10
2005
8
2006
12
All-Time Record Progression
2 new records
2 all-time records were set at Upper Lake 2 N between 23 December 1948 and 11 January 1949. Each dot is a new record.
When Upper Lake 2 N set new all-time records
Date
Kind
Detail
1948-12-23
Record low minimum temperature
Record low minimum temperature -12.2 C (10.0 F)
1949-01-11
Record low minimum temperature
Record low minimum temperature -12.8 C (9.0 F)
Wettest Day of Each Month
Dec: 135.9 mm (5.4 in)
The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Upper Lake 2 N. The most was 135.9 mm (5.4 in) on 10 December 1937.
Record daily precipitation for each month at Upper Lake 2 N
Month
Record daily precipitation (mm)
Date
Jan
108.7 mm (4.3 in)
21 January 1943
Feb
101.6 mm (4.0 in)
23 February 1917
Mar
80.8 mm (3.2 in)
20 March 2006
Apr
52.1 mm (2.1 in)
4 April 1941
May
42.9 mm (1.7 in)
4 May 1951
Jun
112.3 mm (4.4 in)
8 June 1915
Jul
11.7 mm (0.5 in)
22 July 1958
Aug
31.8 mm (1.3 in)
28 August 1954
Sep
64.8 mm (2.6 in)
27 September 1957
Oct
67.3 mm (2.6 in)
30 October 1945
Nov
64.3 mm (2.5 in)
26 November 1893
Dec
135.9 mm (5.4 in)
10 December 1937
Period of Record Coverage
1893 to 2006
Complete yearUnder 90 percent of days
65 years of record at Upper Lake 2 N, 1893 to 2006. 28 years have data for under 90 percent of days and are left out of rankings: 1915, 1917, 1932, 1943, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1950 and others.
Cooler than the station meanWarmer than the station mean
One stripe for each of 34 complete years at Upper Lake 2 N, 1893 to 2004. Blue stripes are years cooler than the station's own mean of 13.9 C (57.1 F); red stripes are warmer. The coolest year was 1937, at 13.1 C (55.6 F), and the warmest was 1906, at 15.3 C (59.6 F). The strongest colour marks a difference of 1.5 C (2.7 F).
Annual mean temperature at Upper Lake 2 N as warming stripes, 1893 to 2004
Year
Annual mean temperature
Difference from the station mean
1893
13.4 C
-0.51 C
1894
14.2 C
+0.30 C
1896
14.3 C
+0.32 C
1897
14.0 C
+0.07 C
1898
14.4 C
+0.44 C
1899
14.6 C
+0.64 C
1900
14.7 C
+0.78 C
1901
14.8 C
+0.89 C
1902
13.5 C
-0.40 C
1903
13.4 C
-0.50 C
1904
13.7 C
-0.19 C
1906
15.3 C
+1.40 C
1907
14.4 C
+0.44 C
1908
14.0 C
+0.08 C
1909
14.1 C
+0.21 C
1910
13.9 C
-0.01 C
1911
13.7 C
-0.22 C
1912
13.3 C
-0.61 C
1913
13.7 C
-0.26 C
1914
14.3 C
+0.39 C
1933
13.4 C
-0.50 C
1934
14.7 C
+0.76 C
1935
13.5 C
-0.44 C
1936
13.8 C
-0.10 C
1937
13.1 C
-0.84 C
1938
13.4 C
-0.52 C
1939
13.6 C
-0.33 C
1940
13.9 C
+0.01 C
1941
13.2 C
-0.70 C
1942
13.2 C
-0.72 C
1945
14.0 C
+0.03 C
1959
14.0 C
+0.03 C
2003
13.9 C
-0.08 C
2004
14.0 C
+0.08 C
The fitted trend in annual mean temperature here over 1893 to 2004 is -0.05 C (-0.11 to 0.02) per decade. The interval includes zero, so the trend is not clearly different from zero. In Fahrenheit: -0.09 F (-0.21 to 0.03) per decade. The slope is a straight line fitted to 34 complete years; the brackets give its 95 percent interval.
Fitted temperature trends per decade at Upper Lake 2 N
Measure
Per decade (C)
Per decade (F)
Period
Complete years
Reading
Annual mean temperature
-0.05 C (-0.11 to 0.02) per decade
-0.09 F (-0.21 to 0.03) per decade
1893 to 2004
34
Not clearly different from zero
Mean daily maximum
0.07 C (-0.03 to 0.17) per decade
0.1 F (-0.1 to 0.3) per decade
1893 to 2004
34
Not clearly different from zero
Mean daily minimum
-0.17 C (-0.29 to -0.05) per decade
-0.3 F (-0.5 to -0.1) per decade
1893 to 2004
34
Fall
A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.
Extremes by Year
1893 to 2006
Yearly extremes at Upper Lake 2 N: the record and the median year
Measure
Record
Year of the record
Median year
Years with a value
Hottest day (TXx)
43.9 C (111.0 F)
1902
40.0 C (104.0 F)
65
Coldest night (TNn)
-12.8 C (9.0 F)
1949
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
65
Wettest day (Rx1day)
135.9 mm (5.4 in)
1937
62.2 mm (2.4 in)
65
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
279.2 mm (11.0 in)
1964
136.2 mm (5.4 in)
65
Longest dry spell (CDD)
152 days
2004
93 days
65
Hottest day (TXx)
The hottest day of the year at Upper Lake 2 N, 1893 to 2006. The record is 43.9 C (111.0 F) in 1902, marked on the chart; the median year is 40.0 C (104.0 F).
Hottest day (TXx) at Upper Lake 2 N by year
Year
Hottest day (TXx)
1893
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1894
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1895
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1896
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1897
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1898
42.8 C (109.0 F)
1899
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1900
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1901
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1902
43.9 C (111.0 F)
1903
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1904
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1905
42.8 C (109.0 F)
1906
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1907
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1908
42.8 C (109.0 F)
1909
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1910
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1911
42.2 C (108.0 F)
1912
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1913
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1914
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1915
29.4 C (84.9 F)
1917
36.1 C (97.0 F)
1932
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1933
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1934
42.8 C (109.0 F)
1935
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1936
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1937
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1938
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1939
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1940
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1941
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1942
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1943
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1944
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1945
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1946
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1947
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1948
42.2 C (108.0 F)
1949
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1950
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1951
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1952
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1953
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1954
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1955
43.3 C (109.9 F)
1956
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1957
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1958
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1959
42.2 C (108.0 F)
1960
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1961
42.2 C (108.0 F)
1962
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1963
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1964
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1965
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1966
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1967
40.0 C (104.0 F)
2002
40.6 C (105.1 F)
2003
39.4 C (102.9 F)
2004
37.8 C (100.0 F)
2005
39.4 C (102.9 F)
2006
40.6 C (105.1 F)
Coldest night (TNn)
The coldest night of the year at Upper Lake 2 N, 1893 to 2006. The record is -12.8 C (9.0 F) in 1949, marked on the chart; the median year is -6.7 C (19.9 F).
Coldest night (TNn) at Upper Lake 2 N by year
Year
Coldest night (TNn)
1893
-3.3 C (26.1 F)
1894
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
1895
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
1896
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
1897
-5.6 C (21.9 F)
1898
-9.4 C (15.1 F)
1899
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
1900
-1.7 C (28.9 F)
1901
-6.1 C (21.0 F)
1902
-6.1 C (21.0 F)
1903
-8.9 C (16.0 F)
1904
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
1905
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
1906
-5.6 C (21.9 F)
1907
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
1908
-8.9 C (16.0 F)
1909
-5.6 C (21.9 F)
1910
-7.8 C (18.0 F)
1911
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
1912
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
1913
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
1914
-4.4 C (24.1 F)
1915
-3.3 C (26.1 F)
1917
-6.1 C (21.0 F)
1932
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
1933
-7.8 C (18.0 F)
1934
-3.9 C (25.0 F)
1935
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
1936
-8.9 C (16.0 F)
1937
-10.0 C (14.0 F)
1938
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
1939
-5.0 C (23.0 F)
1940
-9.4 C (15.1 F)
1941
-5.0 C (23.0 F)
1942
-5.6 C (21.9 F)
1943
-5.6 C (21.9 F)
1944
-3.9 C (25.0 F)
1945
-6.1 C (21.0 F)
1946
-8.3 C (17.1 F)
1947
-9.4 C (15.1 F)
1948
-12.2 C (10.0 F)
1949
-12.8 C (9.0 F)
1950
-10.0 C (14.0 F)
1951
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
1952
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
1953
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
1954
-8.3 C (17.1 F)
1955
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
1956
-8.3 C (17.1 F)
1957
-8.3 C (17.1 F)
1958
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
1959
-7.8 C (18.0 F)
1960
-8.9 C (16.0 F)
1961
-8.9 C (16.0 F)
1962
-7.8 C (18.0 F)
1963
-10.0 C (14.0 F)
1964
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
1965
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
1966
-6.1 C (21.0 F)
1967
-6.1 C (21.0 F)
2002
-2.8 C (27.0 F)
2003
-5.6 C (21.9 F)
2004
-6.1 C (21.0 F)
2005
-4.4 C (24.1 F)
2006
-5.0 C (23.0 F)
Wettest day (Rx1day)
The wettest day of the year at Upper Lake 2 N, 1893 to 2006. The record is 135.9 mm (5.4 in) in 1937, marked on the chart; the median year is 62.2 mm (2.4 in).
Wettest day (Rx1day) at Upper Lake 2 N by year
Year
Wettest day (Rx1day)
1893
64.3 mm (2.5 in)
1894
88.4 mm (3.5 in)
1895
93.2 mm (3.7 in)
1896
62.2 mm (2.4 in)
1897
35.6 mm (1.4 in)
1898
27.9 mm (1.1 in)
1899
78.2 mm (3.1 in)
1900
51.3 mm (2.0 in)
1901
49.3 mm (1.9 in)
1902
34.8 mm (1.4 in)
1903
53.3 mm (2.1 in)
1904
59.9 mm (2.4 in)
1905
49.8 mm (2.0 in)
1906
64.0 mm (2.5 in)
1907
61.0 mm (2.4 in)
1908
28.4 mm (1.1 in)
1909
73.2 mm (2.9 in)
1910
30.0 mm (1.2 in)
1911
55.9 mm (2.2 in)
1912
49.5 mm (1.9 in)
1913
75.7 mm (3.0 in)
1914
49.8 mm (2.0 in)
1915
112.3 mm (4.4 in)
1917
101.6 mm (4.0 in)
1932
53.6 mm (2.1 in)
1933
57.9 mm (2.3 in)
1934
48.5 mm (1.9 in)
1935
43.9 mm (1.7 in)
1936
50.8 mm (2.0 in)
1937
135.9 mm (5.4 in)
1938
57.9 mm (2.3 in)
1939
33.0 mm (1.3 in)
1940
98.3 mm (3.9 in)
1941
60.5 mm (2.4 in)
1942
50.0 mm (2.0 in)
1943
108.7 mm (4.3 in)
1944
65.0 mm (2.6 in)
1945
120.9 mm (4.8 in)
1946
61.7 mm (2.4 in)
1947
42.7 mm (1.7 in)
1948
68.1 mm (2.7 in)
1949
33.5 mm (1.3 in)
1950
110.2 mm (4.3 in)
1951
65.8 mm (2.6 in)
1952
73.4 mm (2.9 in)
1953
44.5 mm (1.8 in)
1954
83.3 mm (3.3 in)
1955
94.0 mm (3.7 in)
1956
75.4 mm (3.0 in)
1957
65.0 mm (2.6 in)
1958
56.6 mm (2.2 in)
1959
88.6 mm (3.5 in)
1960
64.8 mm (2.6 in)
1961
71.9 mm (2.8 in)
1962
61.2 mm (2.4 in)
1963
72.4 mm (2.9 in)
1964
112.8 mm (4.4 in)
1965
59.2 mm (2.3 in)
1966
49.0 mm (1.9 in)
1967
79.8 mm (3.1 in)
2002
102.4 mm (4.0 in)
2003
58.9 mm (2.3 in)
2004
65.0 mm (2.6 in)
2005
134.4 mm (5.3 in)
2006
80.8 mm (3.2 in)
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
The wettest five days of the year at Upper Lake 2 N, 1893 to 2006. The record is 279.2 mm (11.0 in) in 1964, marked on the chart; the median year is 136.2 mm (5.4 in).
Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Upper Lake 2 N by year
Year
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
1893
97.9 mm (3.9 in)
1894
136.2 mm (5.4 in)
1895
156.5 mm (6.2 in)
1896
150.9 mm (5.9 in)
1897
90.6 mm (3.6 in)
1898
26.7 mm (1.1 in)
1899
155.5 mm (6.1 in)
1900
156.8 mm (6.2 in)
1901
91.4 mm (3.6 in)
1902
105.7 mm (4.2 in)
1903
138.9 mm (5.5 in)
1904
112.3 mm (4.4 in)
1905
89.4 mm (3.5 in)
1906
177.0 mm (7.0 in)
1907
141.0 mm (5.6 in)
1908
67.8 mm (2.7 in)
1909
213.9 mm (8.4 in)
1910
74.8 mm (2.9 in)
1911
128.3 mm (5.1 in)
1912
101.4 mm (4.0 in)
1913
124.5 mm (4.9 in)
1914
157.3 mm (6.2 in)
1915
231.2 mm (9.1 in)
1917
176.1 mm (6.9 in)
1932
110.0 mm (4.3 in)
1933
109.9 mm (4.3 in)
1934
128.0 mm (5.0 in)
1935
101.8 mm (4.0 in)
1936
126.5 mm (5.0 in)
1937
253.2 mm (10.0 in)
1938
137.2 mm (5.4 in)
1939
59.7 mm (2.4 in)
1940
236.8 mm (9.3 in)
1941
150.5 mm (5.9 in)
1942
194.8 mm (7.7 in)
1943
198.8 mm (7.8 in)
1944
128.8 mm (5.1 in)
1945
204.7 mm (8.1 in)
1946
118.3 mm (4.7 in)
1947
94.8 mm (3.7 in)
1948
85.6 mm (3.4 in)
1949
68.9 mm (2.7 in)
1950
147.8 mm (5.8 in)
1951
169.0 mm (6.7 in)
1952
173.0 mm (6.8 in)
1953
127.3 mm (5.0 in)
1954
143.0 mm (5.6 in)
1955
256.1 mm (10.1 in)
1956
168.5 mm (6.6 in)
1957
120.8 mm (4.8 in)
1958
102.0 mm (4.0 in)
1959
195.0 mm (7.7 in)
1960
164.1 mm (6.5 in)
1961
111.3 mm (4.4 in)
1962
83.7 mm (3.3 in)
1963
159.5 mm (6.3 in)
1964
279.2 mm (11.0 in)
1965
78.0 mm (3.1 in)
1966
78.7 mm (3.1 in)
1967
157.0 mm (6.2 in)
2002
263.7 mm (10.4 in)
2003
123.7 mm (4.9 in)
2004
132.0 mm (5.2 in)
2005
246.4 mm (9.7 in)
2006
274.9 mm (10.8 in)
Longest dry spell (CDD)
The longest dry spell of the year at Upper Lake 2 N, 1893 to 2006. The record is 152 days in 2004, marked on the chart; the median year is 93 days.
Longest dry spell (CDD) at Upper Lake 2 N by year
Year
Longest dry spell (CDD)
1893
30 days
1894
62 days
1895
31 days
1896
61 days
1897
1 day
1898
31 days
1899
61 days
1900
40 days
1901
119 days
1902
70 days
1903
133 days
1904
74 days
1905
112 days
1906
77 days
1907
118 days
1908
120 days
1909
97 days
1910
118 days
1911
115 days
1912
70 days
1913
100 days
1914
92 days
1915
10 days
1917
2 days
1932
62 days
1933
129 days
1934
89 days
1935
101 days
1936
61 days
1937
68 days
1938
121 days
1939
97 days
1940
93 days
1941
67 days
1942
137 days
1943
37 days
1944
117 days
1945
121 days
1946
59 days
1947
114 days
1948
77 days
1949
70 days
1950
97 days
1951
109 days
1952
110 days
1953
83 days
1954
76 days
1955
108 days
1956
90 days
1957
127 days
1958
85 days
1959
115 days
1960
132 days
1961
127 days
1962
122 days
1963
146 days
1964
83 days
1965
111 days
1966
66 days
1967
104 days
2002
73 days
2003
84 days
2004
152 days
2005
118 days
2006
135 days
Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.
Frost Dates and Growing Season
34 years with a frost
Across 34 years with a frost, the median last spring frost at Upper Lake 2 N falls on 14 April and the median first autumn frost on 31 October, which leaves a median of 197 days between them.
Fitted over all years, the growing season changes by -4.7 days per decade at this station.
Frost dates and growing season at Upper Lake 2 N
Measure
Median, all years
Earliest period
Recent period (1898 to 2004)
Recent against earliest
Fitted trend
Last spring frost
14 April
n/a
14 April
n/a
+3.1 days per decade
First autumn frost
31 October
n/a
31 October
n/a
-1.6 days per decade
Growing days
197 days
n/a
194 days
n/a
-4.7 days per decade
A frost day is a day with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F). The last spring frost and the first autumn frost are the last and first such days of the cold season, and growing days are the days between them. A negative trend for the last spring frost means it comes earlier.
Rainfall Return Levels
42 years, 1903 to 2004
A day with at least 63.2 mm (2.5 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 141.8 mm (5.6 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.
Rainfall return levels at Upper Lake 2 N: the daily rain expected about once in a given number of years
Expected about once in
A day with at least
Note
2 years
63.2 mm (2.5 in)
5 years
84.0 mm (3.3 in)
10 years
97.9 mm (3.9 in)
25 years
115.6 mm (4.6 in)
50 years
128.7 mm (5.1 in)
Longer than the 42 years of record
100 years
141.8 mm (5.6 in)
Longer than the 42 years of record
The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 42 years of values from 1903 to 2004.
A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.
The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 135.9 mm (5.4 in) in 1937; 120.9 mm (4.8 in) in 1945; 112.8 mm (4.4 in) in 1964.
Download the Data
Data for Upper Lake 2 N standing records by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Data for Upper Lake 2 N threshold days by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-14 (14 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.