Built 2026-10-16 (16 October 2026)

Arcadia Weather Records (USC00230224)

Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Arcadia (USC00230224), Missouri, United States, with 117 years of record.

Key Facts for Arcadia

  • Arcadia (USC00230224) is a weather station in Missouri, United States at 37.60 latitude and -90.63 longitude, 280 m (918 ft) above sea level.
  • The station reports from 1893 to 2009, 117 years of record.
  • 1,464 records set at Arcadia still stand.
  • Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
  • Arcadia set a daily record precipitation of 29.5 mm (1.2 in) on 11 February 2009.

About the Station

  • Location: Missouri, United States, 37.60 latitude, -90.63 longitude.
  • Elevation: 280 m (918 ft).
  • Period of record: 1893 to 2009, 117 years.
  • Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd.

Daily Record Envelope and 2026

0 days at or beyond a record
Daily record high and record low at Arcadia, with 2026 drawn through them The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Arcadia. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 0 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius. -40-200204060 JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Arcadia. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 0 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
Daily record high and record low at Arcadia, with 2026 drawn through them
MonthHighest record highLowest record low2026 highest maximum2026 lowest minimum
Jan26.1 C (79.0 F)-36.1 C (-33.0 F)n/an/a
Feb30.6 C (87.1 F)-32.2 C (-26.0 F)n/an/a
Mar33.3 C (91.9 F)-21.1 C (-6.0 F)n/an/a
Apr33.9 C (93.0 F)-7.8 C (18.0 F)n/an/a
May36.1 C (97.0 F)-3.9 C (25.0 F)n/an/a
Jun41.1 C (106.0 F)1.7 C (35.1 F)n/an/a
Jul45.0 C (113.0 F)6.1 C (43.0 F)n/an/a
Aug42.2 C (108.0 F)2.8 C (37.0 F)n/an/a
Sep40.6 C (105.1 F)-5.0 C (23.0 F)n/an/a
Oct35.6 C (96.1 F)-9.4 C (15.1 F)n/an/a
Nov31.1 C (88.0 F)-17.8 C (0.0 F)n/an/a
Dec24.4 C (75.9 F)-26.7 C (-16.1 F)n/an/a

Which Years Hold Standing Records

1,464 standing records
Standing records at Arcadia by the year they were set 1,464 records at Arcadia still stand. 1901 holds the most, with 38. 0102030401896: 121897: 311898: 131899: 351900: 121901: 381902: 291903: 151904: 121905: 141906: 241907: 171908: 81909: 171910: 241911: 331912: 151913: 241914: 171915: 191916: 121917: 271918: 211919: 71920: 101921: 61922: 81923: 101924: 201925: 141926: 151927: 151928: 191929: 261930: 201931: 81932: 91933: 91934: 181935: 111936: 341937: 71938: 101939: 161940: 181941: 91942: 141943: 211944: 171945: 71946: 121947: 131948: 211949: 111950: 281951: 121952: 261953: 111954: 101955: 181956: 91957: 31958: 101959: 51960: 161961: 121962: 161963: 151964: 111965: 81966: 121967: 181968: 51969: 11970: 151971: 121972: 101973: 41974: 121975: 41976: 191977: 41978: 61979: 111980: 171981: 111982: 121983: 141984: 61985: 121986: 171987: 61988: 161989: 141991: 131992: 151993: 71994: 41995: 51996: 101999: 22000: 52005: 12006: 82007: 82008: 132009: 11896190719181929194019511962197319841996
1,464 records at Arcadia still stand. 1901 holds the most, with 38.
Standing records at Arcadia by the year they were set
Year setStanding records
189612
189731
189813
189935
190012
190138
190229
190315
190412
190514
190624
190717
19088
190917
191024
191133
191215
191324
191417
191519
191612
191727
191821
19197
192010
19216
19228
192310
192420
192514
192615
192715
192819
192926
193020
19318
19329
19339
193418
193511
193634
19377
193810
193916
194018
19419
194214
194321
194417
19457
194612
194713
194821
194911
195028
195112
195226
195311
195410
195518
19569
19573
195810
19595
196016
196112
196216
196315
196411
19658
196612
196718
19685
19691
197015
197112
197210
19734
197412
19754
197619
19774
19786
197911
198017
198111
198212
198314
19846
198512
198617
19876
198816
198914
199113
199215
19937
19944
19955
199610
19992
20005
20051
20068
20078
200813
20091

All-Time Record Progression

4 new records
When Arcadia set new all-time records 4 all-time records were set at Arcadia between 28 August 1936 and 24 December 1983. Each dot is a new record. Record high minimum temperatureRecord daily precipitationRecord snow depthRecord low maximum temperature28 August 1936: Record high minimum temperature 26.7 C (80.1 F)30 June 1957: Record daily precipitation 177.0 mm (7.0 in)9 March 1960: Record snow depth 38.1 cm (15.0 in)24 December 1983: Record low maximum temperature -18.9 C (-2.0 F)19401950196019701980
4 all-time records were set at Arcadia between 28 August 1936 and 24 December 1983. Each dot is a new record.
When Arcadia set new all-time records
DateKindDetail
1936-08-28Record high minimum temperatureRecord high minimum temperature 26.7 C (80.1 F)
1957-06-30Record daily precipitationRecord daily precipitation 177.0 mm (7.0 in)
1960-03-09Record snow depthRecord snow depth 38.1 cm (15.0 in)
1983-12-24Record low maximum temperatureRecord low maximum temperature -18.9 C (-2.0 F)

Wettest Day of Each Month

Jun: 177.0 mm (7.0 in)
Record daily precipitation for each month at Arcadia The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Arcadia. The most was 177.0 mm (7.0 in) on 30 June 1957. 050100150200 Jan: 118.1 mm (4.6 in), 30 January 1916 Jan Feb: 83.8 mm (3.3 in), 1 February 1982 Feb Mar: 174.0 mm (6.9 in), 25 March 1904 Mar Apr: 102.1 mm (4.0 in), 26 April 1921 Apr May: 127.5 mm (5.0 in), 13 May 1933 May Jun: 177.0 mm (7.0 in), 30 June 1957 Jun Jul: 116.6 mm (4.6 in), 30 July 1979 Jul Aug: 170.2 mm (6.7 in), 20 August 1915 Aug Sep: 137.7 mm (5.4 in), 17 September 1905 Sep Oct: 142.5 mm (5.6 in), 27 October 1918 Oct Nov: 121.9 mm (4.8 in), 14 November 1993 Nov Dec: 101.6 mm (4.0 in), 16 December 1957 Dec
The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Arcadia. The most was 177.0 mm (7.0 in) on 30 June 1957.
Record daily precipitation for each month at Arcadia
MonthRecord daily precipitation (mm)Date
Jan118.1 mm (4.6 in)30 January 1916
Feb83.8 mm (3.3 in)1 February 1982
Mar174.0 mm (6.9 in)25 March 1904
Apr102.1 mm (4.0 in)26 April 1921
May127.5 mm (5.0 in)13 May 1933
Jun177.0 mm (7.0 in)30 June 1957
Jul116.6 mm (4.6 in)30 July 1979
Aug170.2 mm (6.7 in)20 August 1915
Sep137.7 mm (5.4 in)17 September 1905
Oct142.5 mm (5.6 in)27 October 1918
Nov121.9 mm (4.8 in)14 November 1993
Dec101.6 mm (4.0 in)16 December 1957

Period of Record Coverage

1896 to 2009
Days with data per year at Arcadia 107 years of record at Arcadia, 1896 to 2009. 9 years have data for under 90 percent of days and are left out of rankings: 1896, 1965, 1989, 1991, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2005 and others. 1896: 210 of 366 days1897: 356 of 365 days1898: 355 of 365 days1899: 356 of 365 days1900: 358 of 365 days1901: 347 of 365 days1902: 347 of 365 days1903: 354 of 365 days1904: 355 of 366 days1905: 351 of 365 days1906: 353 of 365 days1907: 355 of 365 days1908: 359 of 366 days1909: 350 of 365 days1910: 353 of 365 days1911: 350 of 365 days1912: 357 of 366 days1913: 353 of 365 days1914: 347 of 365 days1915: 340 of 365 days1916: 347 of 366 days1917: 329 of 365 days1918: 337 of 365 days1919: 337 of 365 days1920: 346 of 366 days1921: 336 of 365 days1922: 336 of 365 days1923: 336 of 365 days1924: 335 of 366 days1925: 337 of 365 days1926: 333 of 365 days1927: 335 of 365 days1928: 344 of 366 days1929: 335 of 365 days1930: 345 of 365 days1931: 353 of 365 days1932: 350 of 366 days1933: 349 of 365 days1934: 338 of 365 days1935: 337 of 365 days1936: 340 of 366 days1937: 336 of 365 days1938: 342 of 365 days1939: 346 of 365 days1940: 346 of 366 days1941: 346 of 365 days1942: 335 of 365 days1943: 348 of 365 days1944: 359 of 366 days1945: 349 of 365 days1946: 346 of 365 days1947: 349 of 365 days1948: 354 of 366 days1949: 363 of 365 days1950: 364 of 365 days1951: 330 of 365 days1952: 355 of 366 days1953: 357 of 365 days1954: 331 of 365 days1955: 345 of 365 days1956: 340 of 366 days1957: 354 of 365 days1958: 355 of 365 days1959: 360 of 365 days1960: 366 of 366 days1961: 365 of 365 days1962: 364 of 365 days1963: 364 of 365 days1964: 365 of 366 days1965: 275 of 365 days1966: 364 of 365 days1967: 365 of 365 days1968: 366 of 366 days1969: 365 of 365 days1970: 365 of 365 days1971: 365 of 365 days1972: 363 of 366 days1973: 365 of 365 days1974: 364 of 365 days1975: 364 of 365 days1976: 366 of 366 days1977: 365 of 365 days1978: 365 of 365 days1979: 365 of 365 days1980: 364 of 366 days1981: 362 of 365 days1982: 354 of 365 days1983: 353 of 365 days1984: 361 of 366 days1985: 353 of 365 days1986: 358 of 365 days1987: 359 of 365 days1988: 362 of 366 days1989: 273 of 365 days1991: 243 of 365 days1992: 364 of 366 days1993: 364 of 365 days1994: 362 of 365 days1995: 358 of 365 days1996: 200 of 366 days1999: 58 of 365 days2000: 146 of 366 days2005: 153 of 365 days2006: 365 of 365 days2007: 365 of 365 days2008: 366 of 366 days2009: 59 of 365 days1905192019351950196519801995
107 years of record at Arcadia, 1896 to 2009. 9 years have data for under 90 percent of days and are left out of rankings: 1896, 1965, 1989, 1991, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2005 and others.
Days with data per year at Arcadia
YearDays with dataShare of yearComplete
189621057%No
189735698%Yes
189835597%Yes
189935698%Yes
190035898%Yes
190134795%Yes
190234795%Yes
190335497%Yes
190435597%Yes
190535196%Yes
190635397%Yes
190735597%Yes
190835998%Yes
190935096%Yes
191035397%Yes
191135096%Yes
191235798%Yes
191335397%Yes
191434795%Yes
191534093%Yes
191634795%Yes
191732990%Yes
191833792%Yes
191933792%Yes
192034695%Yes
192133692%Yes
192233692%Yes
192333692%Yes
192433592%Yes
192533792%Yes
192633391%Yes
192733592%Yes
192834494%Yes
192933592%Yes
193034595%Yes
193135397%Yes
193235096%Yes
193334996%Yes
193433893%Yes
193533792%Yes
193634093%Yes
193733692%Yes
193834294%Yes
193934695%Yes
194034695%Yes
194134695%Yes
194233592%Yes
194334895%Yes
194435998%Yes
194534996%Yes
194634695%Yes
194734996%Yes
194835497%Yes
194936399%Yes
1950364100%Yes
195133090%Yes
195235597%Yes
195335798%Yes
195433191%Yes
195534595%Yes
195634093%Yes
195735497%Yes
195835597%Yes
195936099%Yes
1960366100%Yes
1961365100%Yes
1962364100%Yes
1963364100%Yes
1964365100%Yes
196527575%No
1966364100%Yes
1967365100%Yes
1968366100%Yes
1969365100%Yes
1970365100%Yes
1971365100%Yes
197236399%Yes
1973365100%Yes
1974364100%Yes
1975364100%Yes
1976366100%Yes
1977365100%Yes
1978365100%Yes
1979365100%Yes
198036499%Yes
198136299%Yes
198235497%Yes
198335397%Yes
198436199%Yes
198535397%Yes
198635898%Yes
198735998%Yes
198836299%Yes
198927375%No
199124367%No
199236499%Yes
1993364100%Yes
199436299%Yes
199535898%Yes
199620055%No
19995816%No
200014640%No
200515342%No
2006365100%Yes
2007365100%Yes
2008366100%Yes
20095916%No

Latest Records

20
Latest records at Arcadia
DateStationRecordValueBeat old record byOld record stoodSignificance
11 February 2009Arcadia, USdaily rain29.5 mm (1.2 in)0.3 mm (0.01 in)110 years40 of 100 (Notable)
28 January 2009Arcadia, USdaily snowfall16.3 cm (6.4 in)4.9 cm (1.9 in)113 years52 of 100 (Notable)
28 January 2009Arcadia, USdaily snow depth20.3 cm (8.0 in)2.5 cm (1.0 in)91 years41 of 100 (Notable)
28 January 2009Arcadia, USdaily rain29.5 mm (1.2 in)5.6 mm (0.22 in)15 years18 of 100 (Routine)
16 January 2009Arcadia, USdaily low max-9.4 C (15.1 F)1.6 C (2.9 F)15 years16 of 100 (Routine)
23 December 2008Arcadia, USdaily low max-3.9 C (25.0 F)1.1 C (2.0 F)84 years36 of 100 (Notable)
16 December 2008Arcadia, USdaily low max-7.2 C (19.0 F)0.5 C (0.9 F)107 years40 of 100 (Notable)
14 September 2008Arcadia, USdaily high min22.8 C (73.0 F)0.6 C (1.1 F)94 years39 of 100 (Notable)
5 September 2008Arcadia, USdaily rain68.3 mm (2.7 in)17.5 mm (0.7 in)43 years33 of 100 (Routine)
8 June 2008Arcadia, USdaily high min23.3 C (73.9 F)0.5 C (0.9 F)102 years41 of 100 (Notable)
7 June 2008Arcadia, USdaily high min23.9 C (75.0 F)1.7 C (3.1 F)111 years44 of 100 (Notable)
6 June 2008Arcadia, USdaily high min24.4 C (75.9 F)2.2 C (4.0 F)31 years24 of 100 (Routine)
5 June 2008Arcadia, USdaily high min (Tie)21.1 C (70.0 F)tie27 years4 of 100 (Routine)
16 May 2008Arcadia, USdaily low max13.9 C (57.0 F)0.5 C (0.9 F)104 years41 of 100 (Notable)
8 May 2008Arcadia, USdaily rain57.7 mm (2.3 in)16.6 mm (0.7 in)65 years40 of 100 (Notable)
2 May 2008Arcadia, USdaily high min (Tie)17.2 C (63.0 F)tie78 years8 of 100 (Routine)
30 April 2008Arcadia, USdaily low min-1.7 C (28.9 F)0.6 C (1.1 F)100 years41 of 100 (Notable)
29 April 2008Arcadia, USdaily low min (Tie)-1.7 C (28.9 F)tie77 years8 of 100 (Routine)
13 April 2008Arcadia, USdaily low max5.6 C (42.1 F)3.3 C (5.9 F)58 years32 of 100 (Routine)
11 April 2008Arcadia, USdaily rain61.2 mm (2.4 in)11.7 mm (0.5 in)100 years48 of 100 (Notable)

Climate Trend

90 complete years, 1897 to 2008
Annual mean temperature at Arcadia as warming stripes, 1897 to 2008 One stripe for each of 90 complete years at Arcadia, 1897 to 2008. Blue stripes are years cooler than the station's own mean of 13.0 C (55.4 F); red stripes are warmer. The coolest year was 1929, at 11.6 C (52.9 F), and the warmest was 1921, at 14.6 C (58.3 F). The strongest colour marks a difference of 1.7 C (3.1 F). 1897: 13.0 C, 0.0 C from the station mean1898: 12.9 C, 0.0 C from the station mean1899: 12.5 C, -0.5 C from the station mean1900: 13.1 C, +0.1 C from the station mean1902: 12.8 C, -0.2 C from the station mean1903: 12.8 C, -0.2 C from the station mean1904: 12.0 C, -1.0 C from the station mean1905: 12.4 C, -0.6 C from the station mean1906: 12.6 C, -0.4 C from the station mean1907: 13.1 C, +0.1 C from the station mean1908: 13.5 C, +0.6 C from the station mean1909: 13.4 C, +0.4 C from the station mean1910: 12.7 C, -0.3 C from the station mean1911: 14.1 C, +1.1 C from the station mean1912: 11.9 C, -1.1 C from the station mean1913: 13.5 C, +0.5 C from the station mean1914: 13.4 C, +0.4 C from the station mean1916: 13.1 C, +0.1 C from the station mean1917: 11.6 C, -1.4 C from the station mean1918: 13.0 C, 0.0 C from the station mean1919: 13.3 C, +0.3 C from the station mean1920: 12.4 C, -0.6 C from the station mean1921: 14.6 C, +1.6 C from the station mean1922: 13.3 C, +0.3 C from the station mean1923: 12.9 C, 0.0 C from the station mean1925: 12.7 C, -0.3 C from the station mean1926: 12.0 C, -0.9 C from the station mean1927: 12.5 C, -0.5 C from the station mean1928: 12.0 C, -0.9 C from the station mean1929: 11.6 C, -1.4 C from the station mean1930: 12.5 C, -0.4 C from the station mean1931: 13.3 C, +0.4 C from the station mean1932: 12.6 C, -0.4 C from the station mean1933: 13.5 C, +0.6 C from the station mean1934: 13.5 C, +0.5 C from the station mean1935: 12.7 C, -0.2 C from the station mean1936: 13.3 C, +0.3 C from the station mean1937: 12.3 C, -0.7 C from the station mean1938: 14.3 C, +1.3 C from the station mean1939: 13.3 C, +0.3 C from the station mean1940: 12.1 C, -0.8 C from the station mean1941: 14.1 C, +1.1 C from the station mean1942: 13.1 C, +0.1 C from the station mean1943: 12.7 C, -0.3 C from the station mean1944: 13.5 C, +0.5 C from the station mean1945: 12.9 C, -0.1 C from the station mean1946: 13.6 C, +0.6 C from the station mean1947: 13.0 C, 0.0 C from the station mean1948: 12.7 C, -0.3 C from the station mean1949: 12.8 C, -0.2 C from the station mean1950: 12.0 C, -1.0 C from the station mean1952: 13.6 C, +0.6 C from the station mean1957: 13.4 C, +0.4 C from the station mean1958: 12.4 C, -0.6 C from the station mean1959: 13.5 C, +0.5 C from the station mean1960: 12.9 C, -0.1 C from the station mean1961: 13.0 C, 0.0 C from the station mean1962: 13.5 C, +0.5 C from the station mean1963: 13.2 C, +0.2 C from the station mean1964: 13.8 C, +0.8 C from the station mean1966: 12.8 C, -0.2 C from the station mean1967: 13.4 C, +0.4 C from the station mean1968: 13.0 C, 0.0 C from the station mean1969: 12.9 C, 0.0 C from the station mean1970: 13.3 C, +0.4 C from the station mean1971: 13.9 C, +0.9 C from the station mean1972: 13.2 C, +0.2 C from the station mean1973: 14.0 C, +1.0 C from the station mean1974: 13.7 C, +0.7 C from the station mean1975: 13.5 C, +0.5 C from the station mean1976: 12.9 C, -0.1 C from the station mean1977: 13.5 C, +0.5 C from the station mean1978: 11.8 C, -1.2 C from the station mean1979: 12.2 C, -0.8 C from the station mean1980: 13.3 C, +0.3 C from the station mean1981: 13.3 C, +0.4 C from the station mean1982: 12.6 C, -0.4 C from the station mean1983: 12.5 C, -0.5 C from the station mean1984: 12.7 C, -0.2 C from the station mean1985: 12.5 C, -0.5 C from the station mean1986: 13.7 C, +0.7 C from the station mean1987: 13.4 C, +0.4 C from the station mean1988: 13.4 C, +0.5 C from the station mean1992: 12.8 C, -0.1 C from the station mean1993: 12.2 C, -0.8 C from the station mean1994: 13.0 C, +0.1 C from the station mean1995: 12.8 C, -0.1 C from the station mean2006: 13.3 C, +0.3 C from the station mean2007: 13.4 C, +0.4 C from the station mean2008: 11.8 C, -1.1 C from the station mean18971910192019301940195019601970198019902000
One stripe for each of 90 complete years at Arcadia, 1897 to 2008. Blue stripes are years cooler than the station's own mean of 13.0 C (55.4 F); red stripes are warmer. The coolest year was 1929, at 11.6 C (52.9 F), and the warmest was 1921, at 14.6 C (58.3 F). The strongest colour marks a difference of 1.7 C (3.1 F).
Annual mean temperature at Arcadia as warming stripes, 1897 to 2008
YearAnnual mean temperatureDifference from the station mean
189713.0 C+0.04 C
189812.9 C-0.04 C
189912.5 C-0.47 C
190013.1 C+0.13 C
190212.8 C-0.22 C
190312.8 C-0.22 C
190412.0 C-0.99 C
190512.4 C-0.61 C
190612.6 C-0.40 C
190713.1 C+0.13 C
190813.5 C+0.55 C
190913.4 C+0.37 C
191012.7 C-0.33 C
191114.1 C+1.11 C
191211.9 C-1.10 C
191313.5 C+0.53 C
191413.4 C+0.40 C
191613.1 C+0.09 C
191711.6 C-1.36 C
191813.0 C-0.03 C
191913.3 C+0.28 C
192012.4 C-0.57 C
192114.6 C+1.64 C
192213.3 C+0.34 C
192312.9 C-0.04 C
192512.7 C-0.30 C
192612.0 C-0.95 C
192712.5 C-0.51 C
192812.0 C-0.94 C
192911.6 C-1.38 C
193012.5 C-0.45 C
193113.3 C+0.35 C
193212.6 C-0.38 C
193313.5 C+0.56 C
193413.5 C+0.48 C
193512.7 C-0.24 C
193613.3 C+0.33 C
193712.3 C-0.66 C
193814.3 C+1.30 C
193913.3 C+0.28 C
194012.1 C-0.84 C
194114.1 C+1.14 C
194213.1 C+0.11 C
194312.7 C-0.27 C
194413.5 C+0.51 C
194512.9 C-0.10 C
194613.6 C+0.62 C
194713.0 C-0.02 C
194812.7 C-0.29 C
194912.8 C-0.20 C
195012.0 C-0.98 C
195213.6 C+0.59 C
195713.4 C+0.38 C
195812.4 C-0.58 C
195913.5 C+0.47 C
196012.9 C-0.13 C
196113.0 C+0.00 C
196213.5 C+0.53 C
196313.2 C+0.21 C
196413.8 C+0.77 C
196612.8 C-0.21 C
196713.4 C+0.39 C
196813.0 C-0.03 C
196912.9 C-0.05 C
197013.3 C+0.35 C
197113.9 C+0.90 C
197213.2 C+0.21 C
197314.0 C+1.02 C
197413.7 C+0.69 C
197513.5 C+0.54 C
197612.9 C-0.10 C
197713.5 C+0.47 C
197811.8 C-1.18 C
197912.2 C-0.83 C
198013.3 C+0.31 C
198113.3 C+0.35 C
198212.6 C-0.43 C
198312.5 C-0.46 C
198412.7 C-0.24 C
198512.5 C-0.51 C
198613.7 C+0.74 C
198713.4 C+0.38 C
198813.4 C+0.46 C
199212.8 C-0.15 C
199312.2 C-0.82 C
199413.0 C+0.06 C
199512.8 C-0.14 C
200613.3 C+0.29 C
200713.4 C+0.43 C
200811.8 C-1.14 C

The fitted trend in annual mean temperature here over 1897 to 2008 is 0.02 C (-0.02 to 0.06) per decade. The interval includes zero, so the trend is not clearly different from zero. In Fahrenheit: 0.03 F (-0.05 to 0.11) per decade. The slope is a straight line fitted to 90 complete years; the brackets give its 95 percent interval.

Fitted temperature trends per decade at Arcadia
MeasurePer decade (C)Per decade (F)PeriodComplete yearsReading
Annual mean temperature0.02 C (-0.02 to 0.06) per decade0.03 F (-0.05 to 0.11) per decade1897 to 200890Not clearly different from zero
Mean daily maximum-0.05 C (-0.10 to 0.01) per decade-0.08 F (-0.18 to 0.02) per decade1897 to 200890Not clearly different from zero
Mean daily minimum0.08 C (0.03 to 0.13) per decade0.1 F (0.1 to 0.2) per decade1897 to 200890Rise

A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.

Extremes by Year

1893 to 2009
Yearly extremes at Arcadia: the record and the median year
MeasureRecordYear of the recordMedian yearYears with a value
Hottest day (TXx)45.0 C (113.0 F)190137.2 C (99.0 F)107
Coldest night (TNn)-36.1 C (-33.0 F)1912-20.6 C (-5.1 F)107
Wettest day (Rx1day)177.0 mm (7.0 in)195769.1 mm (2.7 in)110
Wettest five days (Rx5day)271.7 mm (10.7 in)1993111.1 mm (4.4 in)110
Longest dry spell (CDD)44 days196320 days110

Hottest day (TXx)

Hottest day (TXx) at Arcadia by year The hottest day of the year at Arcadia, 1893 to 2009. The record is 45.0 C (113.0 F) in 1901, marked on the chart; the median year is 37.2 C (99.0 F). 20304050190019201940196019802000Record: 45.0 C (113.0 F) in 1901
The hottest day of the year at Arcadia, 1893 to 2009. The record is 45.0 C (113.0 F) in 1901, marked on the chart; the median year is 37.2 C (99.0 F).
Hottest day (TXx) at Arcadia by year
YearHottest day (TXx)
1893n/a
1894n/a
1895n/a
189638.9 C (102.0 F)
189740.0 C (104.0 F)
189835.6 C (96.1 F)
189940.0 C (104.0 F)
190039.4 C (102.9 F)
190145.0 C (113.0 F)
190238.3 C (100.9 F)
190336.7 C (98.1 F)
190434.4 C (93.9 F)
190537.8 C (100.0 F)
190636.1 C (97.0 F)
190740.6 C (105.1 F)
190836.7 C (98.1 F)
190940.6 C (105.1 F)
191036.1 C (97.0 F)
191138.9 C (102.0 F)
191237.2 C (99.0 F)
191341.7 C (107.1 F)
191440.0 C (104.0 F)
191535.0 C (95.0 F)
191638.9 C (102.0 F)
191736.1 C (97.0 F)
191841.7 C (107.1 F)
191940.0 C (104.0 F)
192036.7 C (98.1 F)
192136.1 C (97.0 F)
192237.2 C (99.0 F)
192337.2 C (99.0 F)
192432.8 C (91.0 F)
192538.9 C (102.0 F)
192638.9 C (102.0 F)
192735.0 C (95.0 F)
192832.8 C (91.0 F)
192934.4 C (93.9 F)
193041.7 C (107.1 F)
193136.7 C (98.1 F)
193237.8 C (100.0 F)
193338.3 C (100.9 F)
193442.2 C (108.0 F)
193535.6 C (96.1 F)
193641.7 C (107.1 F)
193736.7 C (98.1 F)
193838.9 C (102.0 F)
193936.7 C (98.1 F)
194038.9 C (102.0 F)
194138.9 C (102.0 F)
194238.9 C (102.0 F)
194342.2 C (108.0 F)
194438.3 C (100.9 F)
194539.4 C (102.9 F)
194639.4 C (102.9 F)
194741.7 C (107.1 F)
194838.9 C (102.0 F)
194935.6 C (96.1 F)
195034.4 C (93.9 F)
195136.1 C (97.0 F)
195241.1 C (106.0 F)
195340.0 C (104.0 F)
195442.2 C (108.0 F)
195536.1 C (97.0 F)
195640.0 C (104.0 F)
195736.1 C (97.0 F)
195833.3 C (91.9 F)
195935.0 C (95.0 F)
196036.7 C (98.1 F)
196135.0 C (95.0 F)
196239.4 C (102.9 F)
196336.1 C (97.0 F)
196438.9 C (102.0 F)
196537.8 C (100.0 F)
196638.9 C (102.0 F)
196735.0 C (95.0 F)
196835.6 C (96.1 F)
196936.7 C (98.1 F)
197036.7 C (98.1 F)
197137.2 C (99.0 F)
197235.6 C (96.1 F)
197335.0 C (95.0 F)
197438.3 C (100.9 F)
197536.7 C (98.1 F)
197636.7 C (98.1 F)
197736.7 C (98.1 F)
197837.2 C (99.0 F)
197936.7 C (98.1 F)
198043.3 C (109.9 F)
198135.6 C (96.1 F)
198237.2 C (99.0 F)
198338.3 C (100.9 F)
198436.1 C (97.0 F)
198533.3 C (91.9 F)
198637.2 C (99.0 F)
198737.2 C (99.0 F)
198838.9 C (102.0 F)
198934.4 C (93.9 F)
199137.8 C (100.0 F)
199233.3 C (91.9 F)
199335.6 C (96.1 F)
199433.3 C (91.9 F)
199537.2 C (99.0 F)
199634.4 C (93.9 F)
199927.8 C (82.0 F)
200033.3 C (91.9 F)
200536.1 C (97.0 F)
200637.8 C (100.0 F)
200740.6 C (105.1 F)
200837.2 C (99.0 F)
200920.6 C (69.1 F)

Coldest night (TNn)

Coldest night (TNn) at Arcadia by year The coldest night of the year at Arcadia, 1893 to 2009. The record is -36.1 C (-33.0 F) in 1912, marked on the chart; the median year is -20.6 C (-5.1 F). -40-30-20-100190019201940196019802000Record: -36.1 C (-33.0 F) in 1912
The coldest night of the year at Arcadia, 1893 to 2009. The record is -36.1 C (-33.0 F) in 1912, marked on the chart; the median year is -20.6 C (-5.1 F).
Coldest night (TNn) at Arcadia by year
YearColdest night (TNn)
1893n/a
1894n/a
1895n/a
1896-13.9 C (7.0 F)
1897-21.1 C (-6.0 F)
1898-16.7 C (1.9 F)
1899-32.2 C (-26.0 F)
1900-21.1 C (-6.0 F)
1901-26.7 C (-16.1 F)
1902-21.1 C (-6.0 F)
1903-22.2 C (-8.0 F)
1904-23.3 C (-9.9 F)
1905-27.8 C (-18.0 F)
1906-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
1907-17.8 C (0.0 F)
1908-17.8 C (0.0 F)
1909-22.8 C (-9.0 F)
1910-31.1 C (-24.0 F)
1911-18.3 C (-0.9 F)
1912-36.1 C (-33.0 F)
1913-21.7 C (-7.1 F)
1914-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
1915-16.7 C (1.9 F)
1916-26.1 C (-15.0 F)
1917-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
1918-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
1919-19.4 C (-2.9 F)
1920-15.6 C (3.9 F)
1921-11.1 C (12.0 F)
1922-15.0 C (5.0 F)
1923-16.7 C (1.9 F)
1924-23.9 C (-11.0 F)
1925-25.6 C (-14.1 F)
1926-27.8 C (-18.0 F)
1927-19.4 C (-2.9 F)
1928-22.2 C (-8.0 F)
1929-22.8 C (-9.0 F)
1930-28.3 C (-18.9 F)
1931-18.9 C (-2.0 F)
1932-16.7 C (1.9 F)
1933-21.1 C (-6.0 F)
1934-25.6 C (-14.1 F)
1935-18.9 C (-2.0 F)
1936-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
1937-15.0 C (5.0 F)
1938-15.0 C (5.0 F)
1939-16.1 C (3.0 F)
1940-23.9 C (-11.0 F)
1941-12.8 C (9.0 F)
1942-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
1943-21.7 C (-7.1 F)
1944-18.3 C (-0.9 F)
1945-16.7 C (1.9 F)
1946-15.6 C (3.9 F)
1947-16.7 C (1.9 F)
1948-22.8 C (-9.0 F)
1949-17.8 C (0.0 F)
1950-17.8 C (0.0 F)
1951-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
1952-15.0 C (5.0 F)
1953-13.3 C (8.1 F)
1954-8.9 C (16.0 F)
1955-19.4 C (-2.9 F)
1956-11.7 C (10.9 F)
1957-16.1 C (3.0 F)
1958-20.6 C (-5.1 F)
1959-21.1 C (-6.0 F)
1960-19.4 C (-2.9 F)
1961-23.9 C (-11.0 F)
1962-22.8 C (-9.0 F)
1963-25.6 C (-14.1 F)
1964-22.8 C (-9.0 F)
1965-22.2 C (-8.0 F)
1966-21.1 C (-6.0 F)
1967-18.3 C (-0.9 F)
1968-21.1 C (-6.0 F)
1969-17.2 C (1.0 F)
1970-22.2 C (-8.0 F)
1971-17.8 C (0.0 F)
1972-21.1 C (-6.0 F)
1973-16.7 C (1.9 F)
1974-19.4 C (-2.9 F)
1975-15.0 C (5.0 F)
1976-21.1 C (-6.0 F)
1977-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
1978-21.1 C (-6.0 F)
1979-22.8 C (-9.0 F)
1980-18.3 C (-0.9 F)
1981-21.1 C (-6.0 F)
1982-25.6 C (-14.1 F)
1983-22.8 C (-9.0 F)
1984-25.6 C (-14.1 F)
1985-27.8 C (-18.0 F)
1986-19.4 C (-2.9 F)
1987-13.9 C (7.0 F)
1988-23.3 C (-9.9 F)
1989-16.1 C (3.0 F)
1991-13.3 C (8.1 F)
1992-16.7 C (1.9 F)
1993-20.0 C (-4.0 F)
1994-23.3 C (-9.9 F)
1995-19.4 C (-2.9 F)
1996-23.3 C (-9.9 F)
1999-13.3 C (8.1 F)
2000-17.2 C (1.0 F)
2005-13.9 C (7.0 F)
2006-15.0 C (5.0 F)
2007-16.1 C (3.0 F)
2008-16.7 C (1.9 F)
2009-18.9 C (-2.0 F)

Wettest day (Rx1day)

Wettest day (Rx1day) at Arcadia by year The wettest day of the year at Arcadia, 1893 to 2009. The record is 177.0 mm (7.0 in) in 1957, marked on the chart; the median year is 69.1 mm (2.7 in). 050100150200190019201940196019802000Record: 177.0 mm (7.0 in) in 1957
The wettest day of the year at Arcadia, 1893 to 2009. The record is 177.0 mm (7.0 in) in 1957, marked on the chart; the median year is 69.1 mm (2.7 in).
Wettest day (Rx1day) at Arcadia by year
YearWettest day (Rx1day)
189395.8 mm (3.8 in)
189491.4 mm (3.6 in)
189585.1 mm (3.4 in)
189667.3 mm (2.6 in)
1897110.2 mm (4.3 in)
1898110.2 mm (4.3 in)
189961.0 mm (2.4 in)
190068.6 mm (2.7 in)
190163.5 mm (2.5 in)
190261.0 mm (2.4 in)
1903104.1 mm (4.1 in)
1904174.0 mm (6.9 in)
1905137.7 mm (5.4 in)
190655.9 mm (2.2 in)
190767.3 mm (2.6 in)
190866.0 mm (2.6 in)
190988.9 mm (3.5 in)
191083.8 mm (3.3 in)
191164.3 mm (2.5 in)
191288.9 mm (3.5 in)
191346.5 mm (1.8 in)
191455.9 mm (2.2 in)
1915170.2 mm (6.7 in)
1916118.1 mm (4.6 in)
191758.4 mm (2.3 in)
1918142.5 mm (5.6 in)
191944.2 mm (1.7 in)
192068.1 mm (2.7 in)
1921102.1 mm (4.0 in)
192263.5 mm (2.5 in)
192355.9 mm (2.2 in)
192494.5 mm (3.7 in)
192555.1 mm (2.2 in)
192656.4 mm (2.2 in)
192747.8 mm (1.9 in)
192878.2 mm (3.1 in)
192954.9 mm (2.2 in)
193043.4 mm (1.7 in)
193171.1 mm (2.8 in)
193259.9 mm (2.4 in)
1933127.5 mm (5.0 in)
193458.4 mm (2.3 in)
1935110.0 mm (4.3 in)
193658.4 mm (2.3 in)
193745.7 mm (1.8 in)
193849.5 mm (1.9 in)
193955.9 mm (2.2 in)
194045.2 mm (1.8 in)
194177.0 mm (3.0 in)
1942112.5 mm (4.4 in)
194369.9 mm (2.8 in)
194443.2 mm (1.7 in)
1945106.7 mm (4.2 in)
194690.7 mm (3.6 in)
194764.8 mm (2.6 in)
1948101.6 mm (4.0 in)
194973.7 mm (2.9 in)
195082.6 mm (3.3 in)
195147.8 mm (1.9 in)
195245.0 mm (1.8 in)
195341.4 mm (1.6 in)
195486.9 mm (3.4 in)
195581.3 mm (3.2 in)
195655.9 mm (2.2 in)
1957177.0 mm (7.0 in)
195875.7 mm (3.0 in)
195981.5 mm (3.2 in)
196062.5 mm (2.5 in)
196154.4 mm (2.1 in)
196250.8 mm (2.0 in)
196360.5 mm (2.4 in)
196450.8 mm (2.0 in)
196585.9 mm (3.4 in)
196659.9 mm (2.4 in)
196783.6 mm (3.3 in)
196853.6 mm (2.1 in)
196969.6 mm (2.7 in)
197095.5 mm (3.8 in)
1971100.8 mm (4.0 in)
197278.0 mm (3.1 in)
197380.8 mm (3.2 in)
197498.3 mm (3.9 in)
197563.0 mm (2.5 in)
197672.4 mm (2.9 in)
1977110.5 mm (4.4 in)
197855.9 mm (2.2 in)
1979116.6 mm (4.6 in)
198035.1 mm (1.4 in)
198171.1 mm (2.8 in)
1982124.5 mm (4.9 in)
1983109.5 mm (4.3 in)
198479.2 mm (3.1 in)
1985106.7 mm (4.2 in)
198696.5 mm (3.8 in)
198749.8 mm (2.0 in)
198876.2 mm (3.0 in)
198947.0 mm (1.9 in)
199154.9 mm (2.2 in)
199292.2 mm (3.6 in)
1993121.9 mm (4.8 in)
199465.3 mm (2.6 in)
199556.4 mm (2.2 in)
199651.8 mm (2.0 in)
199957.9 mm (2.3 in)
200027.2 mm (1.1 in)
200574.7 mm (2.9 in)
200658.2 mm (2.3 in)
200752.3 mm (2.1 in)
2008114.6 mm (4.5 in)
200929.5 mm (1.2 in)

Wettest five days (Rx5day)

Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Arcadia by year The wettest five days of the year at Arcadia, 1893 to 2009. The record is 271.7 mm (10.7 in) in 1993, marked on the chart; the median year is 111.1 mm (4.4 in). 0100200300190019201940196019802000Record: 271.7 mm (10.7 in) in 1993
The wettest five days of the year at Arcadia, 1893 to 2009. The record is 271.7 mm (10.7 in) in 1993, marked on the chart; the median year is 111.1 mm (4.4 in).
Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Arcadia by year
YearWettest five days (Rx5day)
1893114.7 mm (4.5 in)
1894129.5 mm (5.1 in)
1895104.1 mm (4.1 in)
1896140.4 mm (5.5 in)
1897154.5 mm (6.1 in)
1898122.3 mm (4.8 in)
189973.1 mm (2.9 in)
1900110.5 mm (4.4 in)
190176.2 mm (3.0 in)
1902108.2 mm (4.3 in)
1903127.0 mm (5.0 in)
1904179.0 mm (7.0 in)
1905149.9 mm (5.9 in)
1906151.2 mm (6.0 in)
190799.1 mm (3.9 in)
1908137.0 mm (5.4 in)
190991.4 mm (3.6 in)
1910121.9 mm (4.8 in)
1911110.0 mm (4.3 in)
1912138.4 mm (5.4 in)
191386.4 mm (3.4 in)
1914109.3 mm (4.3 in)
1915235.5 mm (9.3 in)
1916238.8 mm (9.4 in)
191787.6 mm (3.4 in)
1918182.6 mm (7.2 in)
191992.2 mm (3.6 in)
1920118.9 mm (4.7 in)
1921151.4 mm (6.0 in)
192294.5 mm (3.7 in)
1923100.6 mm (4.0 in)
1924110.7 mm (4.4 in)
192581.8 mm (3.2 in)
192697.5 mm (3.8 in)
1927137.4 mm (5.4 in)
1928131.3 mm (5.2 in)
1929111.4 mm (4.4 in)
193067.0 mm (2.6 in)
193171.1 mm (2.8 in)
1932118.9 mm (4.7 in)
1933190.2 mm (7.5 in)
193483.5 mm (3.3 in)
1935159.6 mm (6.3 in)
1936106.6 mm (4.2 in)
193785.1 mm (3.4 in)
1938107.5 mm (4.2 in)
193980.3 mm (3.2 in)
194069.3 mm (2.7 in)
1941129.8 mm (5.1 in)
1942123.9 mm (4.9 in)
1943177.1 mm (7.0 in)
194454.4 mm (2.1 in)
1945243.1 mm (9.6 in)
1946124.8 mm (4.9 in)
1947127.2 mm (5.0 in)
1948115.6 mm (4.6 in)
1949107.2 mm (4.2 in)
1950134.5 mm (5.3 in)
195179.7 mm (3.1 in)
195260.2 mm (2.4 in)
195342.7 mm (1.7 in)
1954113.6 mm (4.5 in)
195586.4 mm (3.4 in)
195667.3 mm (2.6 in)
1957223.7 mm (8.8 in)
1958126.2 mm (5.0 in)
1959105.5 mm (4.2 in)
196083.0 mm (3.3 in)
1961135.4 mm (5.3 in)
196270.1 mm (2.8 in)
1963112.5 mm (4.4 in)
1964116.5 mm (4.6 in)
196593.5 mm (3.7 in)
196695.5 mm (3.8 in)
1967127.3 mm (5.0 in)
196898.2 mm (3.9 in)
1969161.1 mm (6.3 in)
1970141.5 mm (5.6 in)
1971151.6 mm (6.0 in)
1972148.2 mm (5.8 in)
1973132.9 mm (5.2 in)
1974114.8 mm (4.5 in)
1975103.2 mm (4.1 in)
197684.6 mm (3.3 in)
1977132.1 mm (5.2 in)
197897.0 mm (3.8 in)
1979262.1 mm (10.3 in)
198058.4 mm (2.3 in)
1981105.7 mm (4.2 in)
1982211.0 mm (8.3 in)
1983156.7 mm (6.2 in)
1984107.9 mm (4.2 in)
1985169.5 mm (6.7 in)
1986154.2 mm (6.1 in)
198765.0 mm (2.6 in)
198886.4 mm (3.4 in)
198977.4 mm (3.0 in)
1991110.0 mm (4.3 in)
1992130.1 mm (5.1 in)
1993271.7 mm (10.7 in)
1994159.7 mm (6.3 in)
1995101.6 mm (4.0 in)
199667.1 mm (2.6 in)
199980.8 mm (3.2 in)
200062.7 mm (2.5 in)
2005106.5 mm (4.2 in)
200697.1 mm (3.8 in)
2007142.5 mm (5.6 in)
2008168.0 mm (6.6 in)
200953.1 mm (2.1 in)

Longest dry spell (CDD)

Longest dry spell (CDD) at Arcadia by year The longest dry spell of the year at Arcadia, 1893 to 2009. The record is 44 days in 1963, marked on the chart; the median year is 20 days. 01020304050190019201940196019802000Record: 44 days in 1963
The longest dry spell of the year at Arcadia, 1893 to 2009. The record is 44 days in 1963, marked on the chart; the median year is 20 days.
Longest dry spell (CDD) at Arcadia by year
YearLongest dry spell (CDD)
189313 days
189419 days
189521 days
189614 days
189724 days
189818 days
189917 days
190018 days
190122 days
190220 days
190316 days
190422 days
190518 days
190620 days
190716 days
190825 days
190921 days
191022 days
191114 days
191223 days
191317 days
191424 days
191520 days
191616 days
191720 days
191818 days
191925 days
192020 days
192122 days
192225 days
192322 days
192426 days
192515 days
192615 days
192721 days
192821 days
192923 days
193027 days
193123 days
193214 days
193341 days
193423 days
193520 days
193622 days
193728 days
193830 days
193924 days
194021 days
194119 days
194222 days
194328 days
194423 days
194524 days
194619 days
194718 days
194820 days
194920 days
195020 days
195115 days
195233 days
195329 days
195419 days
195523 days
195618 days
195725 days
195821 days
195924 days
196018 days
196117 days
196222 days
196344 days
196430 days
196529 days
196623 days
196720 days
196836 days
196925 days
197024 days
197114 days
197217 days
197317 days
197436 days
197516 days
197625 days
197718 days
197817 days
197923 days
198023 days
198120 days
198227 days
198328 days
198422 days
198520 days
198617 days
198718 days
198815 days
198916 days
199113 days
199219 days
199319 days
199413 days
199522 days
199613 days
199920 days
20009 days
200521 days
200617 days
200716 days
200817 days
200916 days

Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.

Frost Dates and Growing Season

90 years with a frost

Across 90 years with a frost, the median last spring frost at Arcadia falls on 24 April and the median first autumn frost on 10 October, which leaves a median of 169 days between them.

In 1966 to 2008 the median growing season was 168 days. That is 4 days more than in 1897 to 1929.

Fitted over all years, the growing season changes by +1.0 days per decade at this station.

Frost dates and growing season at Arcadia
MeasureMedian, all yearsEarliest period (1897 to 1929)Recent period (1966 to 2008)Recent against earliestFitted trend
Last spring frost24 April29 April26 April3 days earlier-0.5 days per decade
First autumn frost10 October10 October9 October1 day earlier+0.4 days per decade
Growing days169 days164 days168 days4 days more+1.0 days per decade

A frost day is a day with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F). The last spring frost and the first autumn frost are the last and first such days of the cold season, and growing days are the days between them. A negative trend for the last spring frost means it comes earlier.

Rainfall Return Levels

98 years, 1894 to 2008

A day with at least 73.1 mm (2.9 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 184.2 mm (7.3 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.

Rainfall return levels at Arcadia: the daily rain expected about once in a given number of years
Expected about once inA day with at leastNote
2 years73.1 mm (2.9 in)
5 years99.2 mm (3.9 in)
10 years117.8 mm (4.6 in)
25 years143.1 mm (5.6 in)
50 years163.1 mm (6.4 in)
100 years184.2 mm (7.3 in)Longer than the 98 years of record

The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 98 years of values from 1894 to 2008.

A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.

The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 177.0 mm (7.0 in) in 1957; 174.0 mm (6.9 in) in 1904; 170.2 mm (6.7 in) in 1915.

Station Changes

No change in the annual mean temperature of this station was found against its neighbours.

Download the Data

  • Data for Arcadia standing records by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
  • Data for Arcadia threshold days by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.

Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-14 (14 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.

Data as of . Last revised (2025-12-31).