Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Birney (USC00240819), Montana, United States, with 46 years of record.
Key Facts for Birney
Birney (USC00240819) is a weather station in Montana, United States at 45.32 latitude and -106.51 longitude, 963 m (3,160 ft) above sea level.
The station reports from 1954 to 1999, 46 years of record.
1,464 records set at Birney still stand.
Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
Birney set a daily record high maximum temperature of 39.4 C (102.9 F) on 28 July 1999.
About the Station
Location: Montana, United States, 45.32 latitude, -106.51 longitude.
Elevation: 963 m (3,160 ft).
Period of record: 1954 to 1999, 46 years.
Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd.
Daily Record Envelope and 2026
0 days at or beyond a record
Record highRecord low2026 daily maximum2026 daily minimum
The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Birney. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 0 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
Daily record high and record low at Birney, with 2026 drawn through them
Month
Highest record high
Lowest record low
2026 highest maximum
2026 lowest minimum
Jan
20.6 C (69.1 F)
-41.7 C (-43.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Feb
23.9 C (75.0 F)
-40.0 C (-40.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Mar
27.2 C (81.0 F)
-33.9 C (-29.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Apr
32.2 C (90.0 F)
-18.3 C (-0.9 F)
n/a
n/a
May
37.2 C (99.0 F)
-8.3 C (17.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Jun
42.2 C (108.0 F)
-1.7 C (28.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Jul
41.7 C (107.1 F)
0.6 C (33.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Aug
41.7 C (107.1 F)
-1.1 C (30.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Sep
40.0 C (104.0 F)
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Oct
34.4 C (93.9 F)
-27.8 C (-18.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Nov
25.0 C (77.0 F)
-40.0 C (-40.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Dec
21.1 C (70.0 F)
-43.3 C (-45.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Which Years Hold Standing Records
1,464 standing records
Year with most
1,464 records at Birney still stand. 1992 holds the most, with 69.
Standing records at Birney by the year they were set
Year set
Standing records
1954
10
1955
37
1956
40
1957
27
1958
35
1959
42
1960
51
1961
41
1962
36
1963
34
1964
23
1965
37
1966
34
1967
22
1968
29
1969
26
1970
4
1971
19
1972
40
1973
36
1974
20
1975
27
1976
14
1977
20
1978
29
1979
24
1980
34
1981
19
1982
23
1983
31
1984
28
1985
45
1986
39
1987
37
1988
65
1989
39
1990
36
1991
39
1992
69
1993
27
1994
22
1995
48
1996
37
1997
42
1998
19
1999
8
All-Time Record Progression
6 new records
6 all-time records were set at Birney between 26 June 1988 and 21 December 1990. Each dot is a new record.
When Birney set new all-time records
Date
Kind
Detail
1988-06-26
Record high maximum temperature
Record high maximum temperature 42.2 C (108.0 F)
1988-06-26
Record high minimum temperature
Record high minimum temperature 25.0 C (77.0 F)
1989-02-03
Record low maximum temperature
Record low maximum temperature -23.9 C (-11.0 F)
1989-12-22
Record low minimum temperature
Record low minimum temperature -43.3 C (-45.9 F)
1990-12-20
Record low maximum temperature
Record low maximum temperature -25.0 C (-13.0 F)
1990-12-21
Record low maximum temperature
Record low maximum temperature -25.6 C (-14.1 F)
Wettest Day of Each Month
Aug: 74.2 mm (2.9 in)
The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Birney. The most was 74.2 mm (2.9 in) on 30 August 1971.
Record daily precipitation for each month at Birney
Month
Record daily precipitation (mm)
Date
Jan
27.9 mm (1.1 in)
31 January 1997
Feb
11.4 mm (0.4 in)
29 February 1980
Mar
19.6 mm (0.8 in)
8 March 1992
Apr
41.9 mm (1.6 in)
25 April 1964
May
64.8 mm (2.6 in)
18 May 1978
Jun
66.8 mm (2.6 in)
14 June 1984
Jul
40.1 mm (1.6 in)
3 July 1958
Aug
74.2 mm (2.9 in)
30 August 1971
Sep
42.7 mm (1.7 in)
13 September 1966
Oct
66.0 mm (2.6 in)
2 October 1971
Nov
24.1 mm (0.9 in)
9 November 1978
Dec
17.3 mm (0.7 in)
23 December 1984
Period of Record Coverage
1954 to 1999
Complete yearUnder 90 percent of days
46 years of record at Birney, 1954 to 1999. 9 years have data for under 90 percent of days and are left out of rankings: 1954, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1998 and others.
Cooler than the station meanWarmer than the station mean
One stripe for each of 38 complete years at Birney, 1955 to 1997. Blue stripes are years cooler than the station's own mean of 7.6 C (45.6 F); red stripes are warmer. The coolest year was 1978, at 5.7 C (42.2 F), and the warmest was 1988, at 9.8 C (49.7 F). The strongest colour marks a difference of 2.3 C (4.1 F).
Annual mean temperature at Birney as warming stripes, 1955 to 1997
Year
Annual mean temperature
Difference from the station mean
1955
6.3 C
-1.32 C
1956
6.7 C
-0.88 C
1957
7.1 C
-0.45 C
1958
7.3 C
-0.29 C
1959
6.0 C
-1.61 C
1960
6.7 C
-0.84 C
1961
8.0 C
+0.40 C
1962
7.3 C
-0.31 C
1963
8.0 C
+0.44 C
1964
6.5 C
-1.12 C
1965
6.0 C
-1.62 C
1966
6.9 C
-0.64 C
1967
7.2 C
-0.39 C
1972
7.5 C
-0.03 C
1974
8.1 C
+0.48 C
1975
6.4 C
-1.13 C
1976
8.2 C
+0.62 C
1977
7.9 C
+0.33 C
1978
5.7 C
-1.88 C
1979
6.5 C
-1.04 C
1980
8.0 C
+0.45 C
1981
8.9 C
+1.32 C
1982
6.3 C
-1.26 C
1983
7.4 C
-0.13 C
1984
7.6 C
-0.02 C
1985
6.8 C
-0.78 C
1986
9.0 C
+1.38 C
1987
9.8 C
+2.24 C
1988
9.8 C
+2.24 C
1989
7.7 C
+0.12 C
1990
8.6 C
+1.05 C
1991
8.9 C
+1.34 C
1992
9.2 C
+1.67 C
1993
7.1 C
-0.49 C
1994
8.9 C
+1.37 C
1995
8.7 C
+1.17 C
1996
6.7 C
-0.84 C
1997
8.2 C
+0.59 C
The annual mean temperature here has risen by 0.4 C (0.2 to 0.7) per decade over 1955 to 1997. In Fahrenheit: 0.8 F (0.4 to 1.2) per decade. The slope is a straight line fitted to 38 complete years; the brackets give its 95 percent interval.
Fitted temperature trends per decade at Birney
Measure
Per decade (C)
Per decade (F)
Period
Complete years
Reading
Annual mean temperature
0.4 C (0.2 to 0.7) per decade
0.8 F (0.4 to 1.2) per decade
1955 to 1997
38
Rise
Mean daily maximum
0.4 C (0.1 to 0.7) per decade
0.7 F (0.2 to 1.2) per decade
1955 to 1997
38
Rise
Mean daily minimum
0.5 C (0.3 to 0.7) per decade
0.9 F (0.5 to 1.3) per decade
1955 to 1997
38
Rise
A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.
Extremes by Year
1954 to 1999
Yearly extremes at Birney: the record and the median year
Measure
Record
Year of the record
Median year
Years with a value
Hottest day (TXx)
42.2 C (108.0 F)
1988
39.2 C (102.5 F)
46
Coldest night (TNn)
-43.3 C (-45.9 F)
1989
-34.1 C (-29.5 F)
46
Wettest day (Rx1day)
74.2 mm (2.9 in)
1971
29.3 mm (1.2 in)
46
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
121.9 mm (4.8 in)
1997
44.7 mm (1.8 in)
46
Longest dry spell (CDD)
64 days
1992
31 days
46
Hottest day (TXx)
The hottest day of the year at Birney, 1954 to 1999. The record is 42.2 C (108.0 F) in 1988, marked on the chart; the median year is 39.2 C (102.5 F).
Hottest day (TXx) at Birney by year
Year
Hottest day (TXx)
1954
21.1 C (70.0 F)
1955
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1956
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1957
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1958
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1959
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1960
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1961
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1962
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1963
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1964
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1965
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1966
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1967
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1968
37.8 C (100.0 F)
1969
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1970
25.6 C (78.1 F)
1971
37.8 C (100.0 F)
1972
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1973
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1974
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1975
37.8 C (100.0 F)
1976
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1977
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1978
37.2 C (99.0 F)
1979
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1980
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1981
37.8 C (100.0 F)
1982
37.2 C (99.0 F)
1983
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1984
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1985
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1986
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1987
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1988
42.2 C (108.0 F)
1989
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1990
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1991
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1992
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1993
37.8 C (100.0 F)
1994
37.8 C (100.0 F)
1995
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1996
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1997
37.8 C (100.0 F)
1998
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1999
40.0 C (104.0 F)
Coldest night (TNn)
The coldest night of the year at Birney, 1954 to 1999. The record is -43.3 C (-45.9 F) in 1989, marked on the chart; the median year is -34.1 C (-29.5 F).
Coldest night (TNn) at Birney by year
Year
Coldest night (TNn)
1954
-19.4 C (-2.9 F)
1955
-33.9 C (-29.0 F)
1956
-35.6 C (-32.1 F)
1957
-37.2 C (-35.0 F)
1958
-23.9 C (-11.0 F)
1959
-40.0 C (-40.0 F)
1960
-33.3 C (-27.9 F)
1961
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
1962
-35.0 C (-31.0 F)
1963
-41.7 C (-43.1 F)
1964
-40.0 C (-40.0 F)
1965
-33.3 C (-27.9 F)
1966
-33.9 C (-29.0 F)
1967
-33.9 C (-29.0 F)
1968
-34.4 C (-29.9 F)
1969
-36.7 C (-34.1 F)
1970
-32.2 C (-26.0 F)
1971
-29.4 C (-20.9 F)
1972
-38.9 C (-38.0 F)
1973
-37.2 C (-35.0 F)
1974
-35.6 C (-32.1 F)
1975
-33.3 C (-27.9 F)
1976
-30.6 C (-23.1 F)
1977
-31.7 C (-25.1 F)
1978
-37.2 C (-35.0 F)
1979
-35.6 C (-32.1 F)
1980
-31.1 C (-24.0 F)
1981
-35.0 C (-31.0 F)
1982
-37.8 C (-36.0 F)
1983
-42.8 C (-45.0 F)
1984
-33.3 C (-27.9 F)
1985
-34.4 C (-29.9 F)
1986
-30.0 C (-22.0 F)
1987
-22.2 C (-8.0 F)
1988
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
1989
-43.3 C (-45.9 F)
1990
-38.9 C (-38.0 F)
1991
-30.6 C (-23.1 F)
1992
-27.8 C (-18.0 F)
1993
-33.3 C (-27.9 F)
1994
-34.4 C (-29.9 F)
1995
-26.7 C (-16.1 F)
1996
-40.0 C (-40.0 F)
1997
-40.0 C (-40.0 F)
1998
-34.4 C (-29.9 F)
1999
-23.3 C (-9.9 F)
Wettest day (Rx1day)
The wettest day of the year at Birney, 1954 to 1999. The record is 74.2 mm (2.9 in) in 1971, marked on the chart; the median year is 29.3 mm (1.2 in).
Wettest day (Rx1day) at Birney by year
Year
Wettest day (Rx1day)
1954
1.8 mm (0.07 in)
1955
37.6 mm (1.5 in)
1956
21.1 mm (0.8 in)
1957
17.3 mm (0.7 in)
1958
40.1 mm (1.6 in)
1959
29.5 mm (1.2 in)
1960
16.8 mm (0.7 in)
1961
35.1 mm (1.4 in)
1962
16.3 mm (0.6 in)
1963
39.9 mm (1.6 in)
1964
41.9 mm (1.6 in)
1965
20.8 mm (0.8 in)
1966
42.7 mm (1.7 in)
1967
42.2 mm (1.7 in)
1968
29.5 mm (1.2 in)
1969
46.5 mm (1.8 in)
1970
7.1 mm (0.28 in)
1971
74.2 mm (2.9 in)
1972
22.9 mm (0.9 in)
1973
30.7 mm (1.2 in)
1974
36.8 mm (1.4 in)
1975
31.5 mm (1.2 in)
1976
17.5 mm (0.7 in)
1977
22.1 mm (0.9 in)
1978
64.8 mm (2.6 in)
1979
18.8 mm (0.7 in)
1980
22.6 mm (0.9 in)
1981
26.4 mm (1.0 in)
1982
39.4 mm (1.6 in)
1983
21.3 mm (0.8 in)
1984
66.8 mm (2.6 in)
1985
33.5 mm (1.3 in)
1986
36.8 mm (1.4 in)
1987
27.9 mm (1.1 in)
1988
25.7 mm (1.0 in)
1989
24.9 mm (1.0 in)
1990
29.0 mm (1.1 in)
1991
24.4 mm (1.0 in)
1992
44.5 mm (1.8 in)
1993
39.1 mm (1.5 in)
1994
32.8 mm (1.3 in)
1995
22.9 mm (0.9 in)
1996
17.0 mm (0.7 in)
1997
57.9 mm (2.3 in)
1998
17.0 mm (0.7 in)
1999
25.7 mm (1.0 in)
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
The wettest five days of the year at Birney, 1954 to 1999. The record is 121.9 mm (4.8 in) in 1997, marked on the chart; the median year is 44.7 mm (1.8 in).
Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Birney by year
Year
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
1954
2.8 mm (0.11 in)
1955
47.5 mm (1.9 in)
1956
30.8 mm (1.2 in)
1957
33.1 mm (1.3 in)
1958
50.0 mm (2.0 in)
1959
36.1 mm (1.4 in)
1960
22.4 mm (0.9 in)
1961
37.7 mm (1.5 in)
1962
36.1 mm (1.4 in)
1963
45.7 mm (1.8 in)
1964
52.8 mm (2.1 in)
1965
35.1 mm (1.4 in)
1966
42.7 mm (1.7 in)
1967
74.2 mm (2.9 in)
1968
41.6 mm (1.6 in)
1969
65.5 mm (2.6 in)
1970
9.4 mm (0.37 in)
1971
77.4 mm (3.0 in)
1972
51.4 mm (2.0 in)
1973
53.3 mm (2.1 in)
1974
52.8 mm (2.1 in)
1975
50.1 mm (2.0 in)
1976
39.4 mm (1.6 in)
1977
36.4 mm (1.4 in)
1978
113.8 mm (4.5 in)
1979
30.2 mm (1.2 in)
1980
44.9 mm (1.8 in)
1981
39.9 mm (1.6 in)
1982
39.6 mm (1.6 in)
1983
27.2 mm (1.1 in)
1984
85.7 mm (3.4 in)
1985
54.1 mm (2.1 in)
1986
56.7 mm (2.2 in)
1987
40.8 mm (1.6 in)
1988
26.9 mm (1.1 in)
1989
41.7 mm (1.6 in)
1990
38.4 mm (1.5 in)
1991
46.3 mm (1.8 in)
1992
65.3 mm (2.6 in)
1993
47.0 mm (1.9 in)
1994
69.6 mm (2.7 in)
1995
44.5 mm (1.8 in)
1996
55.4 mm (2.2 in)
1997
121.9 mm (4.8 in)
1998
39.9 mm (1.6 in)
1999
51.6 mm (2.0 in)
Longest dry spell (CDD)
The longest dry spell of the year at Birney, 1954 to 1999. The record is 64 days in 1992, marked on the chart; the median year is 31 days.
Longest dry spell (CDD) at Birney by year
Year
Longest dry spell (CDD)
1954
34 days
1955
25 days
1956
43 days
1957
35 days
1958
29 days
1959
32 days
1960
45 days
1961
41 days
1962
48 days
1963
31 days
1964
32 days
1965
42 days
1966
30 days
1967
35 days
1968
20 days
1969
35 days
1970
15 days
1971
32 days
1972
18 days
1973
27 days
1974
24 days
1975
25 days
1976
32 days
1977
24 days
1978
27 days
1979
25 days
1980
24 days
1981
25 days
1982
19 days
1983
23 days
1984
48 days
1985
51 days
1986
31 days
1987
48 days
1988
27 days
1989
24 days
1990
38 days
1991
33 days
1992
64 days
1993
29 days
1994
44 days
1995
28 days
1996
48 days
1997
24 days
1998
35 days
1999
31 days
Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.
Frost Dates and Growing Season
38 years with a frost
Across 38 years with a frost, the median last spring frost at Birney falls on 19 May and the median first autumn frost on 14 September, which leaves a median of 117 days between them.
Fitted over all years, the growing season changes by +4.6 days per decade at this station.
Frost dates and growing season at Birney
Measure
Median, all years
Earliest period
Recent period (1963 to 1997)
Recent against earliest
Fitted trend
Last spring frost
19 May
n/a
19 May
n/a
-1.3 days per decade
First autumn frost
14 September
n/a
18 September
n/a
+3.2 days per decade
Growing days
117 days
n/a
123 days
n/a
+4.6 days per decade
A frost day is a day with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F). The last spring frost and the first autumn frost are the last and first such days of the cold season, and growing days are the days between them. A negative trend for the last spring frost means it comes earlier.
Rainfall Return Levels
38 years, 1955 to 1998
A day with at least 29.2 mm (1.1 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 75.4 mm (3.0 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.
Rainfall return levels at Birney: the daily rain expected about once in a given number of years
Expected about once in
A day with at least
Note
2 years
29.2 mm (1.1 in)
5 years
40.7 mm (1.6 in)
10 years
48.7 mm (1.9 in)
25 years
59.1 mm (2.3 in)
50 years
67.2 mm (2.6 in)
Longer than the 38 years of record
100 years
75.4 mm (3.0 in)
Longer than the 38 years of record
The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 38 years of values from 1955 to 1998.
A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.
The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 66.8 mm (2.6 in) in 1984; 64.8 mm (2.6 in) in 1978; 57.9 mm (2.3 in) in 1997.
Download the Data
Data for Birney standing records by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Data for Birney threshold days by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-15 (15 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.