Concord Weather Records (USC00311975)
Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Concord (USC00311975), North Carolina, United States, with 136 years of record.
Key Facts for Concord
- Concord (USC00311975) is a weather station in North Carolina, United States at 35.41 latitude and -80.56 longitude, 204 m (670 ft) above sea level.
- The station reports from 1891 to 2026, 136 years of record.
- 1,464 records set at Concord still stand.
- Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
- Concord tied a daily record high minimum temperature of 22.2 C (72.0 F) on 5 September 2026 (provisional).
Provisional Records
Records set in the last 60 days are provisional until they clear the revision window.
About the Station
- Location: North Carolina, United States, 35.41 latitude, -80.56 longitude.
- Elevation: 204 m (670 ft).
- Period of record: 1891 to 2026, 136 years.
- Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd.
Daily Record Envelope and 2026
13 days at or beyond a record| Month | Highest record high | Lowest record low | 2026 highest maximum | 2026 lowest minimum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 26.1 C (79.0 F) | -20.6 C (-5.1 F) | 22.2 C (72.0 F) | -12.8 C (9.0 F) |
| Feb | 27.8 C (82.0 F) | -16.7 C (1.9 F) | 26.1 C (79.0 F) | -16.7 C (1.9 F) |
| Mar | 32.8 C (91.0 F) | -17.2 C (1.0 F) | 31.7 C (89.1 F) | -2.8 C (27.0 F) |
| Apr | 35.0 C (95.0 F) | -4.4 C (24.1 F) | 32.2 C (90.0 F) | 0.0 C (32.0 F) |
| May | 37.8 C (100.0 F) | 0.0 C (32.0 F) | 33.3 C (91.9 F) | 1.7 C (35.1 F) |
| Jun | 40.0 C (104.0 F) | 6.1 C (43.0 F) | 35.6 C (96.1 F) | 9.4 C (48.9 F) |
| Jul | 41.1 C (106.0 F) | 9.4 C (48.9 F) | 36.7 C (98.1 F) | 16.1 C (61.0 F) |
| Aug | 41.7 C (107.1 F) | 9.4 C (48.9 F) | 35.0 C (95.0 F) | 15.6 C (60.1 F) |
| Sep | 40.0 C (104.0 F) | 2.8 C (37.0 F) | 36.1 C (97.0 F) | 7.2 C (45.0 F) |
| Oct | 36.7 C (98.1 F) | -4.4 C (24.1 F) | 31.7 C (89.1 F) | 7.8 C (46.0 F) |
| Nov | 31.1 C (88.0 F) | -11.1 C (12.0 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Dec | 27.2 C (81.0 F) | -15.6 C (3.9 F) | n/a | n/a |
Which Years Hold Standing Records
1,464 standing records| Year set | Standing records |
|---|---|
| 1891 | 14 |
| 1892 | 4 |
| 1933 | 28 |
| 1934 | 20 |
| 1935 | 18 |
| 1936 | 22 |
| 1937 | 18 |
| 1938 | 17 |
| 1939 | 18 |
| 1940 | 24 |
| 1941 | 20 |
| 1942 | 14 |
| 1943 | 22 |
| 1944 | 10 |
| 1945 | 17 |
| 1946 | 13 |
| 1947 | 19 |
| 1948 | 14 |
| 1949 | 22 |
| 1950 | 16 |
| 1951 | 10 |
| 1952 | 17 |
| 1953 | 10 |
| 1954 | 22 |
| 1955 | 12 |
| 1956 | 8 |
| 1957 | 13 |
| 1958 | 20 |
| 1959 | 7 |
| 1960 | 15 |
| 1961 | 18 |
| 1962 | 14 |
| 1963 | 13 |
| 1964 | 20 |
| 1965 | 8 |
| 1966 | 15 |
| 1967 | 24 |
| 1968 | 5 |
| 1969 | 10 |
| 1970 | 20 |
| 1971 | 17 |
| 1972 | 15 |
| 1973 | 11 |
| 1974 | 28 |
| 1975 | 9 |
| 1976 | 29 |
| 1977 | 21 |
| 1978 | 5 |
| 1979 | 12 |
| 1980 | 26 |
| 1981 | 10 |
| 1982 | 19 |
| 1983 | 31 |
| 1984 | 29 |
| 1985 | 22 |
| 1986 | 7 |
| 1987 | 7 |
| 1988 | 15 |
| 1989 | 31 |
| 1990 | 6 |
| 1991 | 17 |
| 1992 | 11 |
| 1993 | 19 |
| 1994 | 9 |
| 1995 | 7 |
| 1996 | 15 |
| 1997 | 18 |
| 1998 | 6 |
| 1999 | 15 |
| 2000 | 14 |
| 2001 | 12 |
| 2002 | 16 |
| 2003 | 13 |
| 2004 | 10 |
| 2005 | 9 |
| 2006 | 12 |
| 2007 | 30 |
| 2008 | 14 |
| 2009 | 6 |
| 2010 | 28 |
| 2011 | 18 |
| 2012 | 8 |
| 2013 | 13 |
| 2014 | 17 |
| 2015 | 18 |
| 2016 | 7 |
| 2017 | 12 |
| 2018 | 18 |
| 2019 | 18 |
| 2020 | 10 |
| 2021 | 5 |
| 2022 | 12 |
| 2023 | 11 |
| 2024 | 7 |
| 2025 | 12 |
| 2026 | 16 |
All-Time Record Progression
7 new records| Date | Kind | Detail |
|---|---|---|
| 1966-01-31 | Record low maximum temperature | Record low maximum temperature -6.1 C (21.0 F) |
| 1979-02-19 | Record low maximum temperature | Record low maximum temperature -6.7 C (19.9 F) |
| 1982-01-11 | Record low maximum temperature | Record low maximum temperature -8.9 C (16.0 F) |
| 1983-08-22 | Record high maximum temperature | Record high maximum temperature 41.7 C (107.1 F) |
| 1985-01-21 | Record low minimum temperature | Record low minimum temperature -20.6 C (-5.1 F) |
| 2004-02-27 | Record daily snowfall | Record daily snowfall 27.9 cm (11.0 in) |
| 2008-08-27 | Record daily precipitation | Record daily precipitation 223.5 mm (8.8 in) |
Wettest Day of Each Month
Aug: 223.5 mm (8.8 in)| Month | Record daily precipitation (mm) | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 94.5 mm (3.7 in) | 19 January 1936 |
| Feb | 80.5 mm (3.2 in) | 7 February 2020 |
| Mar | 94.5 mm (3.7 in) | 4 March 1952 |
| Apr | 78.0 mm (3.1 in) | 6 April 1936 |
| May | 102.6 mm (4.0 in) | 25 May 1943 |
| Jun | 98.3 mm (3.9 in) | 18 June 1982 |
| Jul | 162.6 mm (6.4 in) | 23 July 1997 |
| Aug | 223.5 mm (8.8 in) | 27 August 2008 |
| Sep | 117.3 mm (4.6 in) | 25 September 1997 |
| Oct | 175.3 mm (6.9 in) | 8 October 1936 |
| Nov | 100.3 mm (3.9 in) | 13 November 2020 |
| Dec | 71.1 mm (2.8 in) | 23 December 2013 |
Period of Record Coverage
1891 to 2026| Year | Days with data | Share of year | Complete |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1891 | 255 | 70% | No |
| 1892 | 142 | 39% | No |
| 1933 | 296 | 81% | No |
| 1934 | 346 | 95% | Yes |
| 1935 | 357 | 98% | Yes |
| 1936 | 362 | 99% | Yes |
| 1937 | 329 | 90% | Yes |
| 1938 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1939 | 342 | 94% | Yes |
| 1940 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1941 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1942 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1943 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 1944 | 341 | 93% | Yes |
| 1945 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 1946 | 347 | 95% | Yes |
| 1947 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 1948 | 362 | 99% | Yes |
| 1949 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1950 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1951 | 360 | 99% | Yes |
| 1952 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1953 | 362 | 99% | Yes |
| 1954 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1955 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1956 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1957 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1958 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1959 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 1960 | 364 | 99% | Yes |
| 1961 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1962 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1963 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1964 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1965 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1966 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1967 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1968 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1969 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 1970 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 1971 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1972 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1973 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1974 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 1975 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1976 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1977 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1978 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1979 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1980 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1981 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1982 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1983 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1984 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1985 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1986 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1987 | 360 | 99% | Yes |
| 1988 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1989 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1990 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1991 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1992 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1993 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1994 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1995 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1996 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1997 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1998 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1999 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2000 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 2001 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 2002 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 2003 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2004 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2005 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 2006 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 2007 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2008 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 2009 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 2010 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2011 | 362 | 99% | Yes |
| 2012 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2013 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2014 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2015 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2016 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 2017 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2018 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2019 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2020 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 2021 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2022 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2023 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2024 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 2025 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2026 | 285 | 78% | No |
Latest Records
20| Date | Station | Record | Value | Beat old record by | Old record stood | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 September 2026 | Concord, US | daily high min (Tie, Provisional) | 22.2 C (72.0 F) | tie | 91 years | 9 of 100 (Routine) |
| 4 September 2026 | Concord, US | daily high max (Tie, Provisional) | 36.1 C (97.0 F) | tie | 52 years | 6 of 100 (Routine) |
| 25 July 2026 | Concord, US | daily low max | 21.7 C (71.1 F) | 1.6 C (2.9 F) | 25 years | 22 of 100 (Routine) |
| 24 July 2026 | Concord, US | daily rain | 63.2 mm (2.5 in) | 1.5 mm (0.06 in) | 28 years | 18 of 100 (Routine) |
| 19 July 2026 | Concord, US | daily high min | 23.9 C (75.0 F) | 0.6 C (1.1 F) | 37 years | 23 of 100 (Routine) |
| 7 July 2026 | Concord, US | daily rain | 103.4 mm (4.1 in) | 52.9 mm (2.1 in) | 79 years | 65 of 100 (Major) |
| 4 July 2026 | Concord, US | daily high min | 23.3 C (73.9 F) | 0.5 C (0.9 F) | 20 years | 18 of 100 (Routine) |
| 24 May 2026 | Concord, US | daily low max (Tie) | 16.1 C (61.0 F) | tie | 59 years | 6 of 100 (Routine) |
| 16 May 2026 | Concord, US | daily low min (Tie) | 5.0 C (41.0 F) | tie | 28 years | 4 of 100 (Routine) |
| 15 May 2026 | Concord, US | daily low min (Tie) | 3.9 C (39.0 F) | tie | 12 years | 3 of 100 (Routine) |
| 7 May 2026 | Concord, US | daily rain | 34.0 mm (1.3 in) | 7.8 mm (0.31 in) | 91 years | 42 of 100 (Notable) |
| 3 May 2026 | Concord, US | daily low min | 1.7 C (35.1 F) | 1.1 C (2.0 F) | 44 years | 25 of 100 (Routine) |
| 28 March 2026 | Concord, US | daily high max | 31.1 C (88.0 F) | 1.7 C (3.1 F) | 19 years | 17 of 100 (Routine) |
| 23 March 2026 | Concord, US | daily high max | 31.7 C (89.1 F) | 2.3 C (4.1 F) | 31 years | 22 of 100 (Routine) |
| 12 March 2026 | Concord, US | daily high max | 31.1 C (88.0 F) | 2.2 C (4.0 F) | 36 years | 23 of 100 (Routine) |
| 12 March 2026 | Concord, US | monthly high min (Tie) | 18.3 C (64.9 F) | tie | 80 years | 11 of 100 (Routine) |
| 11 March 2026 | Concord, US | daily high max | 29.4 C (84.9 F) | 0.5 C (0.9 F) | 52 years | 25 of 100 (Routine) |
| 9 March 2026 | Concord, US | daily high min | 13.9 C (57.0 F) | 0.6 C (1.1 F) | 28 years | 19 of 100 (Routine) |
| 7 March 2026 | Concord, US | daily high max | 29.4 C (84.9 F) | 2.7 C (4.9 F) | 4 years | 15 of 100 (Routine) |
| 21 February 2026 | Concord, US | daily high max | 26.1 C (79.0 F) | 0.5 C (0.9 F) | 12 years | 13 of 100 (Routine) |
Climate Trend
88 complete years, 1935 to 2025| Year | Annual mean temperature | Difference from the station mean |
|---|---|---|
| 1935 | 15.9 C | +0.20 C |
| 1936 | 16.1 C | +0.37 C |
| 1937 | 15.9 C | +0.19 C |
| 1938 | 16.9 C | +1.25 C |
| 1939 | 16.8 C | +1.09 C |
| 1940 | 15.3 C | -0.36 C |
| 1941 | 16.4 C | +0.74 C |
| 1942 | 16.2 C | +0.49 C |
| 1943 | 16.0 C | +0.35 C |
| 1947 | 15.6 C | -0.11 C |
| 1948 | 16.5 C | +0.79 C |
| 1949 | 17.0 C | +1.32 C |
| 1950 | 16.2 C | +0.48 C |
| 1951 | 16.0 C | +0.28 C |
| 1952 | 16.1 C | +0.46 C |
| 1953 | 16.6 C | +0.95 C |
| 1954 | 15.7 C | +0.05 C |
| 1955 | 15.7 C | -0.03 C |
| 1956 | 15.8 C | +0.15 C |
| 1957 | 16.0 C | +0.34 C |
| 1958 | 14.7 C | -0.95 C |
| 1959 | 15.9 C | +0.22 C |
| 1960 | 14.9 C | -0.75 C |
| 1961 | 15.5 C | -0.21 C |
| 1962 | 15.2 C | -0.44 C |
| 1963 | 14.8 C | -0.86 C |
| 1964 | 15.4 C | -0.31 C |
| 1965 | 15.5 C | -0.18 C |
| 1966 | 14.8 C | -0.90 C |
| 1967 | 14.8 C | -0.86 C |
| 1968 | 14.9 C | -0.78 C |
| 1969 | 14.8 C | -0.90 C |
| 1970 | 15.9 C | +0.18 C |
| 1971 | 15.7 C | +0.03 C |
| 1972 | 15.2 C | -0.44 C |
| 1973 | 15.8 C | +0.14 C |
| 1974 | 15.7 C | +0.05 C |
| 1975 | 15.9 C | +0.19 C |
| 1976 | 14.5 C | -1.15 C |
| 1977 | 15.5 C | -0.23 C |
| 1978 | 15.0 C | -0.73 C |
| 1979 | 14.9 C | -0.76 C |
| 1980 | 15.3 C | -0.41 C |
| 1981 | 14.8 C | -0.93 C |
| 1982 | 15.3 C | -0.42 C |
| 1983 | 15.1 C | -0.63 C |
| 1984 | 15.5 C | -0.16 C |
| 1985 | 15.8 C | +0.13 C |
| 1986 | 16.2 C | +0.48 C |
| 1987 | 15.3 C | -0.36 C |
| 1988 | 14.5 C | -1.15 C |
| 1989 | 15.0 C | -0.73 C |
| 1990 | 16.6 C | +0.91 C |
| 1991 | 16.0 C | +0.30 C |
| 1992 | 15.6 C | -0.09 C |
| 1993 | 15.6 C | -0.05 C |
| 1994 | 15.3 C | -0.35 C |
| 1995 | 15.1 C | -0.57 C |
| 1996 | 14.8 C | -0.93 C |
| 1997 | 14.8 C | -0.85 C |
| 1998 | 16.4 C | +0.75 C |
| 1999 | 15.7 C | +0.04 C |
| 2000 | 15.0 C | -0.67 C |
| 2001 | 15.5 C | -0.23 C |
| 2002 | 15.9 C | +0.25 C |
| 2003 | 15.6 C | -0.12 C |
| 2004 | 15.9 C | +0.26 C |
| 2005 | 16.1 C | +0.40 C |
| 2006 | 16.3 C | +0.66 C |
| 2007 | 16.9 C | +1.20 C |
| 2008 | 15.9 C | +0.20 C |
| 2009 | 15.8 C | +0.10 C |
| 2010 | 16.1 C | +0.40 C |
| 2011 | 16.7 C | +1.00 C |
| 2012 | 16.5 C | +0.81 C |
| 2013 | 14.8 C | -0.92 C |
| 2014 | 14.8 C | -0.91 C |
| 2015 | 16.5 C | +0.84 C |
| 2016 | 17.0 C | +1.29 C |
| 2017 | 16.8 C | +1.13 C |
| 2018 | 16.3 C | +0.66 C |
| 2019 | 16.8 C | +1.12 C |
| 2020 | 16.4 C | +0.71 C |
| 2021 | 15.9 C | +0.17 C |
| 2022 | 14.9 C | -0.78 C |
| 2023 | 15.2 C | -0.46 C |
| 2024 | 15.4 C | -0.29 C |
| 2025 | 14.9 C | -0.78 C |
The fitted trend in annual mean temperature here over 1935 to 2025 is -0.01 C (-0.06 to 0.05) per decade. The interval includes zero, so the trend is not clearly different from zero. In Fahrenheit: -0.01 F (-0.11 to 0.08) per decade. The slope is a straight line fitted to 88 complete years; the brackets give its 95 percent interval.
| Measure | Per decade (C) | Per decade (F) | Period | Complete years | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual mean temperature | -0.01 C (-0.06 to 0.05) per decade | -0.01 F (-0.11 to 0.08) per decade | 1935 to 2025 | 88 | Not clearly different from zero |
| Mean daily maximum | 0.01 C (-0.05 to 0.07) per decade | 0.02 F (-0.09 to 0.13) per decade | 1935 to 2025 | 88 | Not clearly different from zero |
| Mean daily minimum | -0.02 C (-0.09 to 0.04) per decade | -0.05 F (-0.16 to 0.07) per decade | 1935 to 2025 | 88 | Not clearly different from zero |
A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.
Extremes by Year
1891 to 2026| Measure | Record | Year of the record | Median year | Years with a value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hottest day (TXx) | 41.7 C (107.1 F) | 1983 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) | 96 |
| Coldest night (TNn) | -20.6 C (-5.1 F) | 1985 | -11.7 C (10.9 F) | 96 |
| Wettest day (Rx1day) | 223.5 mm (8.8 in) | 2008 | 75.3 mm (3.0 in) | 96 |
| Wettest five days (Rx5day) | 266.0 mm (10.5 in) | 1984 | 112.9 mm (4.4 in) | 96 |
| Longest dry spell (CDD) | 50 days | 2016 | 20 days | 96 |
Hottest day (TXx)
| Year | Hottest day (TXx) |
|---|---|
| 1891 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 1892 | 36.1 C (97.0 F) |
| 1933 | 39.4 C (102.9 F) |
| 1934 | 38.3 C (100.9 F) |
| 1935 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1936 | 38.9 C (102.0 F) |
| 1937 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1938 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1939 | 40.0 C (104.0 F) |
| 1940 | 40.0 C (104.0 F) |
| 1941 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1942 | 38.9 C (102.0 F) |
| 1943 | 38.3 C (100.9 F) |
| 1944 | 38.3 C (100.9 F) |
| 1945 | 38.9 C (102.0 F) |
| 1946 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1947 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1948 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1949 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1950 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1951 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1952 | 41.1 C (106.0 F) |
| 1953 | 38.3 C (100.9 F) |
| 1954 | 38.9 C (102.0 F) |
| 1955 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
| 1956 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1957 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1958 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
| 1959 | 38.3 C (100.9 F) |
| 1960 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
| 1961 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 1962 | 38.3 C (100.9 F) |
| 1963 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1964 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1965 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 1966 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1967 | 34.4 C (93.9 F) |
| 1968 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1969 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1970 | 38.3 C (100.9 F) |
| 1971 | 36.1 C (97.0 F) |
| 1972 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1973 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
| 1974 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 1975 | 38.3 C (100.9 F) |
| 1976 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1977 | 40.6 C (105.1 F) |
| 1978 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1979 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1980 | 40.6 C (105.1 F) |
| 1981 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1982 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 1983 | 41.7 C (107.1 F) |
| 1984 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1985 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
| 1986 | 38.9 C (102.0 F) |
| 1987 | 38.3 C (100.9 F) |
| 1988 | 38.9 C (102.0 F) |
| 1989 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 1990 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1991 | 36.1 C (97.0 F) |
| 1992 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
| 1993 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1994 | 34.4 C (93.9 F) |
| 1995 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1996 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
| 1997 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1998 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1999 | 38.3 C (100.9 F) |
| 2000 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 2001 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
| 2002 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 2003 | 36.1 C (97.0 F) |
| 2004 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 2005 | 39.4 C (102.9 F) |
| 2006 | 38.3 C (100.9 F) |
| 2007 | 40.6 C (105.1 F) |
| 2008 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 2009 | 36.1 C (97.0 F) |
| 2010 | 38.3 C (100.9 F) |
| 2011 | 38.9 C (102.0 F) |
| 2012 | 40.6 C (105.1 F) |
| 2013 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 2014 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 2015 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 2016 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 2017 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 2018 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 2019 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 2020 | 36.1 C (97.0 F) |
| 2021 | 36.1 C (97.0 F) |
| 2022 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 2023 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 2024 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 2025 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 2026 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
Coldest night (TNn)
| Year | Coldest night (TNn) |
|---|---|
| 1891 | -7.2 C (19.0 F) |
| 1892 | -8.9 C (16.0 F) |
| 1933 | -7.8 C (18.0 F) |
| 1934 | -13.9 C (7.0 F) |
| 1935 | -15.6 C (3.9 F) |
| 1936 | -16.1 C (3.0 F) |
| 1937 | -10.6 C (12.9 F) |
| 1938 | -11.7 C (10.9 F) |
| 1939 | -8.3 C (17.1 F) |
| 1940 | -19.4 C (-2.9 F) |
| 1941 | -8.9 C (16.0 F) |
| 1942 | -16.1 C (3.0 F) |
| 1943 | -13.3 C (8.1 F) |
| 1944 | -12.2 C (10.0 F) |
| 1945 | -12.2 C (10.0 F) |
| 1946 | -9.4 C (15.1 F) |
| 1947 | -12.2 C (10.0 F) |
| 1948 | -11.7 C (10.9 F) |
| 1949 | -6.1 C (21.0 F) |
| 1950 | -11.1 C (12.0 F) |
| 1951 | -11.1 C (12.0 F) |
| 1952 | -9.4 C (15.1 F) |
| 1953 | -11.7 C (10.9 F) |
| 1954 | -9.4 C (15.1 F) |
| 1955 | -12.2 C (10.0 F) |
| 1956 | -7.8 C (18.0 F) |
| 1957 | -12.8 C (9.0 F) |
| 1958 | -15.0 C (5.0 F) |
| 1959 | -11.1 C (12.0 F) |
| 1960 | -11.7 C (10.9 F) |
| 1961 | -11.7 C (10.9 F) |
| 1962 | -15.0 C (5.0 F) |
| 1963 | -13.3 C (8.1 F) |
| 1964 | -10.6 C (12.9 F) |
| 1965 | -9.4 C (15.1 F) |
| 1966 | -15.6 C (3.9 F) |
| 1967 | -13.3 C (8.1 F) |
| 1968 | -10.0 C (14.0 F) |
| 1969 | -11.1 C (12.0 F) |
| 1970 | -15.0 C (5.0 F) |
| 1971 | -11.7 C (10.9 F) |
| 1972 | -15.0 C (5.0 F) |
| 1973 | -10.0 C (14.0 F) |
| 1974 | -8.3 C (17.1 F) |
| 1975 | -11.7 C (10.9 F) |
| 1976 | -13.3 C (8.1 F) |
| 1977 | -16.7 C (1.9 F) |
| 1978 | -12.2 C (10.0 F) |
| 1979 | -12.8 C (9.0 F) |
| 1980 | -17.2 C (1.0 F) |
| 1981 | -14.4 C (6.1 F) |
| 1982 | -16.1 C (3.0 F) |
| 1983 | -15.6 C (3.9 F) |
| 1984 | -11.7 C (10.9 F) |
| 1985 | -20.6 C (-5.1 F) |
| 1986 | -14.4 C (6.1 F) |
| 1987 | -11.1 C (12.0 F) |
| 1988 | -11.7 C (10.9 F) |
| 1989 | -13.9 C (7.0 F) |
| 1990 | -7.2 C (19.0 F) |
| 1991 | -11.1 C (12.0 F) |
| 1992 | -7.2 C (19.0 F) |
| 1993 | -9.4 C (15.1 F) |
| 1994 | -16.1 C (3.0 F) |
| 1995 | -11.7 C (10.9 F) |
| 1996 | -14.4 C (6.1 F) |
| 1997 | -10.6 C (12.9 F) |
| 1998 | -8.3 C (17.1 F) |
| 1999 | -9.4 C (15.1 F) |
| 2000 | -9.4 C (15.1 F) |
| 2001 | -11.1 C (12.0 F) |
| 2002 | -11.1 C (12.0 F) |
| 2003 | -12.2 C (10.0 F) |
| 2004 | -10.6 C (12.9 F) |
| 2005 | -11.7 C (10.9 F) |
| 2006 | -8.3 C (17.1 F) |
| 2007 | -7.8 C (18.0 F) |
| 2008 | -9.4 C (15.1 F) |
| 2009 | -11.7 C (10.9 F) |
| 2010 | -11.7 C (10.9 F) |
| 2011 | -9.4 C (15.1 F) |
| 2012 | -8.9 C (16.0 F) |
| 2013 | -8.3 C (17.1 F) |
| 2014 | -15.0 C (5.0 F) |
| 2015 | -15.0 C (5.0 F) |
| 2016 | -10.6 C (12.9 F) |
| 2017 | -11.7 C (10.9 F) |
| 2018 | -14.4 C (6.1 F) |
| 2019 | -11.1 C (12.0 F) |
| 2020 | -8.9 C (16.0 F) |
| 2021 | -6.1 C (21.0 F) |
| 2022 | -13.9 C (7.0 F) |
| 2023 | -7.8 C (18.0 F) |
| 2024 | -10.6 C (12.9 F) |
| 2025 | -11.1 C (12.0 F) |
| 2026 | -16.7 C (1.9 F) |
Wettest day (Rx1day)
| Year | Wettest day (Rx1day) |
|---|---|
| 1891 | 91.4 mm (3.6 in) |
| 1892 | 78.7 mm (3.1 in) |
| 1933 | 59.7 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1934 | 95.0 mm (3.7 in) |
| 1935 | 54.6 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1936 | 175.3 mm (6.9 in) |
| 1937 | 54.4 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1938 | 40.1 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1939 | 62.2 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1940 | 77.7 mm (3.1 in) |
| 1941 | 59.4 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1942 | 50.8 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1943 | 102.6 mm (4.0 in) |
| 1944 | 72.4 mm (2.9 in) |
| 1945 | 106.2 mm (4.2 in) |
| 1946 | 73.7 mm (2.9 in) |
| 1947 | 88.9 mm (3.5 in) |
| 1948 | 93.5 mm (3.7 in) |
| 1949 | 55.4 mm (2.2 in) |
| 1950 | 50.8 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1951 | 49.8 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1952 | 94.5 mm (3.7 in) |
| 1953 | 64.8 mm (2.6 in) |
| 1954 | 108.5 mm (4.3 in) |
| 1955 | 128.5 mm (5.1 in) |
| 1956 | 74.9 mm (2.9 in) |
| 1957 | 68.8 mm (2.7 in) |
| 1958 | 50.8 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1959 | 109.5 mm (4.3 in) |
| 1960 | 68.8 mm (2.7 in) |
| 1961 | 52.6 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1962 | 58.9 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1963 | 82.6 mm (3.3 in) |
| 1964 | 82.6 mm (3.3 in) |
| 1965 | 53.3 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1966 | 51.8 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1967 | 52.8 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1968 | 60.5 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1969 | 81.5 mm (3.2 in) |
| 1970 | 61.0 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1971 | 62.5 mm (2.5 in) |
| 1972 | 80.5 mm (3.2 in) |
| 1973 | 68.6 mm (2.7 in) |
| 1974 | 70.1 mm (2.8 in) |
| 1975 | 99.6 mm (3.9 in) |
| 1976 | 130.8 mm (5.1 in) |
| 1977 | 108.7 mm (4.3 in) |
| 1978 | 52.3 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1979 | 81.3 mm (3.2 in) |
| 1980 | 50.0 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1981 | 85.1 mm (3.4 in) |
| 1982 | 98.3 mm (3.9 in) |
| 1983 | 68.3 mm (2.7 in) |
| 1984 | 137.2 mm (5.4 in) |
| 1985 | 88.1 mm (3.5 in) |
| 1986 | 43.2 mm (1.7 in) |
| 1987 | 81.3 mm (3.2 in) |
| 1988 | 83.8 mm (3.3 in) |
| 1989 | 92.2 mm (3.6 in) |
| 1990 | 142.2 mm (5.6 in) |
| 1991 | 91.4 mm (3.6 in) |
| 1992 | 90.2 mm (3.6 in) |
| 1993 | 87.1 mm (3.4 in) |
| 1994 | 72.4 mm (2.9 in) |
| 1995 | 101.6 mm (4.0 in) |
| 1996 | 58.4 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1997 | 162.6 mm (6.4 in) |
| 1998 | 75.4 mm (3.0 in) |
| 1999 | 100.3 mm (3.9 in) |
| 2000 | 66.0 mm (2.6 in) |
| 2001 | 77.7 mm (3.1 in) |
| 2002 | 71.4 mm (2.8 in) |
| 2003 | 68.1 mm (2.7 in) |
| 2004 | 117.3 mm (4.6 in) |
| 2005 | 48.8 mm (1.9 in) |
| 2006 | 65.5 mm (2.6 in) |
| 2007 | 64.8 mm (2.6 in) |
| 2008 | 223.5 mm (8.8 in) |
| 2009 | 160.3 mm (6.3 in) |
| 2010 | 89.9 mm (3.5 in) |
| 2011 | 61.0 mm (2.4 in) |
| 2012 | 72.4 mm (2.9 in) |
| 2013 | 97.8 mm (3.9 in) |
| 2014 | 55.4 mm (2.2 in) |
| 2015 | 75.2 mm (3.0 in) |
| 2016 | 47.8 mm (1.9 in) |
| 2017 | 87.4 mm (3.4 in) |
| 2018 | 92.7 mm (3.6 in) |
| 2019 | 61.0 mm (2.4 in) |
| 2020 | 100.3 mm (3.9 in) |
| 2021 | 43.4 mm (1.7 in) |
| 2022 | 67.1 mm (2.6 in) |
| 2023 | 65.3 mm (2.6 in) |
| 2024 | 84.1 mm (3.3 in) |
| 2025 | 75.9 mm (3.0 in) |
| 2026 | 103.4 mm (4.1 in) |
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
| Year | Wettest five days (Rx5day) |
|---|---|
| 1891 | 94.0 mm (3.7 in) |
| 1892 | 144.7 mm (5.7 in) |
| 1933 | 86.7 mm (3.4 in) |
| 1934 | 130.9 mm (5.2 in) |
| 1935 | 89.4 mm (3.5 in) |
| 1936 | 185.8 mm (7.3 in) |
| 1937 | 116.1 mm (4.6 in) |
| 1938 | 73.2 mm (2.9 in) |
| 1939 | 92.3 mm (3.6 in) |
| 1940 | 152.2 mm (6.0 in) |
| 1941 | 108.8 mm (4.3 in) |
| 1942 | 113.3 mm (4.5 in) |
| 1943 | 112.2 mm (4.4 in) |
| 1944 | 91.9 mm (3.6 in) |
| 1945 | 221.3 mm (8.7 in) |
| 1946 | 120.7 mm (4.8 in) |
| 1947 | 110.8 mm (4.4 in) |
| 1948 | 202.2 mm (8.0 in) |
| 1949 | 112.5 mm (4.4 in) |
| 1950 | 69.3 mm (2.7 in) |
| 1951 | 87.1 mm (3.4 in) |
| 1952 | 118.7 mm (4.7 in) |
| 1953 | 90.2 mm (3.6 in) |
| 1954 | 134.7 mm (5.3 in) |
| 1955 | 164.3 mm (6.5 in) |
| 1956 | 128.8 mm (5.1 in) |
| 1957 | 90.6 mm (3.6 in) |
| 1958 | 71.9 mm (2.8 in) |
| 1959 | 124.0 mm (4.9 in) |
| 1960 | 110.0 mm (4.3 in) |
| 1961 | 99.3 mm (3.9 in) |
| 1962 | 97.3 mm (3.8 in) |
| 1963 | 83.0 mm (3.3 in) |
| 1964 | 116.1 mm (4.6 in) |
| 1965 | 113.5 mm (4.5 in) |
| 1966 | 85.1 mm (3.4 in) |
| 1967 | 102.7 mm (4.0 in) |
| 1968 | 90.2 mm (3.6 in) |
| 1969 | 127.1 mm (5.0 in) |
| 1970 | 94.5 mm (3.7 in) |
| 1971 | 113.9 mm (4.5 in) |
| 1972 | 122.9 mm (4.8 in) |
| 1973 | 84.6 mm (3.3 in) |
| 1974 | 74.7 mm (2.9 in) |
| 1975 | 131.1 mm (5.2 in) |
| 1976 | 142.5 mm (5.6 in) |
| 1977 | 137.9 mm (5.4 in) |
| 1978 | 83.2 mm (3.3 in) |
| 1979 | 117.1 mm (4.6 in) |
| 1980 | 98.5 mm (3.9 in) |
| 1981 | 109.0 mm (4.3 in) |
| 1982 | 164.9 mm (6.5 in) |
| 1983 | 114.0 mm (4.5 in) |
| 1984 | 266.0 mm (10.5 in) |
| 1985 | 122.7 mm (4.8 in) |
| 1986 | 52.9 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1987 | 129.8 mm (5.1 in) |
| 1988 | 112.0 mm (4.4 in) |
| 1989 | 133.6 mm (5.3 in) |
| 1990 | 234.9 mm (9.2 in) |
| 1991 | 103.4 mm (4.1 in) |
| 1992 | 127.6 mm (5.0 in) |
| 1993 | 100.9 mm (4.0 in) |
| 1994 | 130.6 mm (5.1 in) |
| 1995 | 176.3 mm (6.9 in) |
| 1996 | 92.0 mm (3.6 in) |
| 1997 | 229.1 mm (9.0 in) |
| 1998 | 75.7 mm (3.0 in) |
| 1999 | 120.7 mm (4.8 in) |
| 2000 | 130.6 mm (5.1 in) |
| 2001 | 121.4 mm (4.8 in) |
| 2002 | 106.1 mm (4.2 in) |
| 2003 | 170.9 mm (6.7 in) |
| 2004 | 143.0 mm (5.6 in) |
| 2005 | 101.7 mm (4.0 in) |
| 2006 | 84.1 mm (3.3 in) |
| 2007 | 95.2 mm (3.7 in) |
| 2008 | 253.2 mm (10.0 in) |
| 2009 | 179.1 mm (7.1 in) |
| 2010 | 105.1 mm (4.1 in) |
| 2011 | 102.8 mm (4.0 in) |
| 2012 | 104.9 mm (4.1 in) |
| 2013 | 146.7 mm (5.8 in) |
| 2014 | 69.1 mm (2.7 in) |
| 2015 | 130.9 mm (5.2 in) |
| 2016 | 100.8 mm (4.0 in) |
| 2017 | 126.0 mm (5.0 in) |
| 2018 | 181.9 mm (7.2 in) |
| 2019 | 101.8 mm (4.0 in) |
| 2020 | 153.8 mm (6.1 in) |
| 2021 | 96.6 mm (3.8 in) |
| 2022 | 108.5 mm (4.3 in) |
| 2023 | 98.3 mm (3.9 in) |
| 2024 | 130.8 mm (5.1 in) |
| 2025 | 98.8 mm (3.9 in) |
| 2026 | 155.5 mm (6.1 in) |
Longest dry spell (CDD)
| Year | Longest dry spell (CDD) |
|---|---|
| 1891 | 10 days |
| 1892 | 19 days |
| 1933 | 16 days |
| 1934 | 20 days |
| 1935 | 17 days |
| 1936 | 35 days |
| 1937 | 15 days |
| 1938 | 20 days |
| 1939 | 17 days |
| 1940 | 16 days |
| 1941 | 27 days |
| 1942 | 18 days |
| 1943 | 22 days |
| 1944 | 20 days |
| 1945 | 17 days |
| 1946 | 15 days |
| 1947 | 30 days |
| 1948 | 20 days |
| 1949 | 17 days |
| 1950 | 17 days |
| 1951 | 30 days |
| 1952 | 31 days |
| 1953 | 31 days |
| 1954 | 24 days |
| 1955 | 20 days |
| 1956 | 21 days |
| 1957 | 17 days |
| 1958 | 23 days |
| 1959 | 21 days |
| 1960 | 16 days |
| 1961 | 34 days |
| 1962 | 25 days |
| 1963 | 29 days |
| 1964 | 19 days |
| 1965 | 20 days |
| 1966 | 18 days |
| 1967 | 20 days |
| 1968 | 25 days |
| 1969 | 18 days |
| 1970 | 24 days |
| 1971 | 15 days |
| 1972 | 12 days |
| 1973 | 25 days |
| 1974 | 23 days |
| 1975 | 13 days |
| 1976 | 20 days |
| 1977 | 19 days |
| 1978 | 24 days |
| 1979 | 13 days |
| 1980 | 23 days |
| 1981 | 19 days |
| 1982 | 15 days |
| 1983 | 13 days |
| 1984 | 46 days |
| 1985 | 31 days |
| 1986 | 30 days |
| 1987 | 26 days |
| 1988 | 18 days |
| 1989 | 21 days |
| 1990 | 17 days |
| 1991 | 22 days |
| 1992 | 17 days |
| 1993 | 25 days |
| 1994 | 14 days |
| 1995 | 15 days |
| 1996 | 13 days |
| 1997 | 21 days |
| 1998 | 24 days |
| 1999 | 15 days |
| 2000 | 39 days |
| 2001 | 20 days |
| 2002 | 20 days |
| 2003 | 17 days |
| 2004 | 17 days |
| 2005 | 28 days |
| 2006 | 20 days |
| 2007 | 33 days |
| 2008 | 19 days |
| 2009 | 20 days |
| 2010 | 32 days |
| 2011 | 23 days |
| 2012 | 27 days |
| 2013 | 14 days |
| 2014 | 16 days |
| 2015 | 15 days |
| 2016 | 50 days |
| 2017 | 24 days |
| 2018 | 20 days |
| 2019 | 30 days |
| 2020 | 9 days |
| 2021 | 16 days |
| 2022 | 16 days |
| 2023 | 20 days |
| 2024 | 25 days |
| 2025 | 26 days |
| 2026 | 19 days |
Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.
Frost Dates and Growing Season
88 years with a frostAcross 88 years with a frost, the median last spring frost at Concord falls on 3 April and the median first autumn frost on 3 November, which leaves a median of 208 days between them.
In 1996 to 2025 the median growing season was 209 days. That is 2 days fewer than in 1935 to 1967.
Fitted over all years, the growing season changes by +0.4 days per decade at this station.
| Measure | Median, all years | Earliest period (1935 to 1967) | Recent period (1996 to 2025) | Recent against earliest | Fitted trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last spring frost | 3 April | 1 April | 5 April | 4 days later | -0.3 days per decade |
| First autumn frost | 3 November | 4 November | 2 November | 2 days earlier | +0.1 days per decade |
| Growing days | 208 days | 211 days | 209 days | 2 days fewer | +0.4 days per decade |
A frost day is a day with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F). The last spring frost and the first autumn frost are the last and first such days of the cold season, and growing days are the days between them. A negative trend for the last spring frost means it comes earlier.
Rainfall Return Levels
92 years, 1934 to 2025A day with at least 74.1 mm (2.9 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 193.9 mm (7.6 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.
| Expected about once in | A day with at least | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2 years | 74.1 mm (2.9 in) | |
| 5 years | 99.5 mm (3.9 in) | |
| 10 years | 118.7 mm (4.7 in) | |
| 25 years | 146.0 mm (5.7 in) | |
| 50 years | 168.9 mm (6.6 in) | |
| 100 years | 193.9 mm (7.6 in) | Longer than the 92 years of record |
The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 92 years of values from 1934 to 2025.
A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.
The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 223.5 mm (8.8 in) in 2008; 175.3 mm (6.9 in) in 1936; 162.6 mm (6.4 in) in 1997.
Station Changes
1 suspectedOne change was suspected in the annual mean temperature of Concord, at 1961. Each is measured against neighbouring stations.
- Relative to 5 neighbouring stations, the station's annual mean temperature from 1961 ran 0.2 C (0.4 F) higher than in the years before (likely change).
| Year | Shift (C) | Shift (F) | Strength | Neighbours |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 | +0.2 | +0.4 | likely | 5 |
Possible change at the station (a move, a new instrument or a new site); the record is kept as measured. A "likely" change has a larger test statistic than a "possible" one. Neither says why the station differs from its neighbours. How changes are found, and the largest ones.
Climate Twins
2011 to 2025 against 1961 to 1990Over 2011 to 2025, Concord had a mean temperature of 15.9 C (60.7 F) and 1,242.5 mm (48.9 in) of rain a year. The 3 stations whose 1961 to 1990 climate was closest to that are Cheraw (United States, 100 km away), Smithfield (United States, 201 km away) and Washington 2 ESE (United States, 271 km away).
| Twin station | Country | Distance away | Mean temperature, 1961-1990 | Rain a year, 1961-1990 | Climate difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cheraw | United States | 100 km (62 mi) | 15.8 C (60.4 F) | 1,184.8 mm (46.6 in) | 0.57 |
| Smithfield | United States | 201 km (125 mi) | 15.8 C (60.4 F) | 1,209.1 mm (47.6 in) | 0.60 |
| Washington 2 ESE | United States | 271 km (168 mi) | 15.8 C (60.4 F) | 1,234.7 mm (48.6 in) | 0.61 |
Twins are stations, not cities. A twin is one of the three stations at least 100 km away whose earlier climate is closest to this station's recent one, so a close match does not mean the two places look alike in other ways. A station move or a gap in a record can change that station's averages. The list describes past climate; it is not a forecast and does not say what caused any change. How twins are found, and a search for any station.
Download the Data
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-15 (15 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.
Data as of . Last revised (2026-10-15).