Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Boardman (USC00350858), Oregon, United States, with 56 years of record.
Key Facts for Boardman
Boardman (USC00350858) is a weather station in Oregon, United States at 45.85 latitude and -119.69 longitude, 85 m (280 ft) above sea level.
The station reports from 1971 to 2026, 56 years of record.
1,464 records set at Boardman still stand.
Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
Boardman set a daily record low minimum temperature of 10.6 C (51.1 F) on 5 August 2026.
About the Station
Location: Oregon, United States, 45.85 latitude, -119.69 longitude.
Elevation: 85 m (280 ft).
Period of record: 1971 to 2026, 56 years.
Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd.
Daily Record Envelope and 2026
9 days at or beyond a record
Record highRecord low2026 daily maximum2026 daily minimum
The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Boardman. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 9 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
Daily record high and record low at Boardman, with 2026 drawn through them
Month
Highest record high
Lowest record low
2026 highest maximum
2026 lowest minimum
Jan
21.1 C (70.0 F)
-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
17.2 C (63.0 F)
-8.3 C (17.1 F)
Feb
23.3 C (73.9 F)
-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
17.8 C (64.0 F)
-3.3 C (26.1 F)
Mar
27.2 C (81.0 F)
-16.7 C (1.9 F)
26.7 C (80.1 F)
-3.3 C (26.1 F)
Apr
33.3 C (91.9 F)
-6.1 C (21.0 F)
28.3 C (82.9 F)
0.0 C (32.0 F)
May
38.9 C (102.0 F)
-1.7 C (28.9 F)
31.7 C (89.1 F)
5.6 C (42.1 F)
Jun
45.0 C (113.0 F)
1.7 C (35.1 F)
36.1 C (97.0 F)
7.8 C (46.0 F)
Jul
46.1 C (115.0 F)
2.8 C (37.0 F)
37.8 C (100.0 F)
11.7 C (53.1 F)
Aug
41.7 C (107.1 F)
3.9 C (39.0 F)
38.9 C (102.0 F)
10.0 C (50.0 F)
Sep
37.8 C (100.0 F)
-3.9 C (25.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Oct
32.2 C (90.0 F)
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Nov
24.4 C (75.9 F)
-22.8 C (-9.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Dec
22.8 C (73.0 F)
-26.1 C (-15.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Which Years Hold Standing Records
1,464 standing records
Year with most
1,464 records at Boardman still stand. 1972 holds the most, with 66.
Standing records at Boardman by the year they were set
Year set
Standing records
1971
8
1972
66
1973
32
1974
36
1975
31
1976
34
1977
38
1978
28
1979
39
1980
42
1981
35
1982
28
1983
43
1984
24
1985
43
1986
30
1987
18
1988
30
1989
27
1990
29
1991
16
1992
25
1993
32
1994
21
1995
19
1996
26
1997
7
1998
17
1999
27
2000
16
2001
12
2002
30
2003
29
2004
15
2005
13
2006
30
2007
15
2008
30
2009
23
2010
10
2011
17
2012
28
2013
29
2014
38
2015
20
2016
21
2017
11
2018
21
2019
35
2020
23
2021
42
2022
22
2023
15
2024
33
2025
26
2026
9
All-Time Record Progression
8 new records
8 all-time records were set at Boardman between 29 July 2003 and 11 July 2024. Each dot is a new record.
When Boardman set new all-time records
Date
Kind
Detail
2003-07-29
Record high maximum temperature
Record high maximum temperature 42.2 C (108.0 F)
2006-05-20
Record daily precipitation
Record daily precipitation 36.3 mm (1.4 in)
2006-07-23
Record high maximum temperature
Record high maximum temperature 42.8 C (109.0 F)
2014-07-17
Record high maximum temperature
Record high maximum temperature 43.3 C (109.9 F)
2017-01-11
Record snow depth
Record snow depth 38.1 cm (15.0 in)
2017-01-12
Record snow depth
Record snow depth 40.6 cm (16.0 in)
2021-06-27
Record high maximum temperature
Record high maximum temperature 45.0 C (113.0 F)
2024-07-11
Record high maximum temperature
Record high maximum temperature 46.1 C (115.0 F)
Wettest Day of Each Month
May: 36.3 mm (1.4 in)
The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Boardman. The most was 36.3 mm (1.4 in) on 20 May 2006.
Record daily precipitation for each month at Boardman
Month
Record daily precipitation (mm)
Date
Jan
22.9 mm (0.9 in)
9 January 1980
Feb
31.8 mm (1.3 in)
20 February 1998
Mar
22.9 mm (0.9 in)
28 March 2019
Apr
27.7 mm (1.1 in)
21 April 1988
May
36.3 mm (1.4 in)
20 May 2006
Jun
26.7 mm (1.1 in)
5 June 2012
Jul
20.3 mm (0.8 in)
11 July 2023
Aug
15.0 mm (0.6 in)
30 August 1977
Sep
17.8 mm (0.7 in)
13 September 1982
Oct
24.4 mm (1.0 in)
29 October 1982
Nov
22.4 mm (0.9 in)
1 November 1973
Dec
29.5 mm (1.2 in)
18 December 2024
Period of Record Coverage
1971 to 2026
Complete yearUnder 90 percent of days
56 years of record at Boardman, 1971 to 2026. 6 years have data for under 90 percent of days and are left out of rankings: 1971, 1995, 1996, 2015, 2017, 2026.
Cooler than the station meanWarmer than the station mean
One stripe for each of 44 complete years at Boardman, 1972 to 2024. Blue stripes are years cooler than the station's own mean of 12.0 C (53.6 F); red stripes are warmer. The coolest year was 1993, at 10.3 C (50.5 F), and the warmest was 2021, at 13.5 C (56.2 F). The strongest colour marks a difference of 1.7 C (3.1 F).
Annual mean temperature at Boardman as warming stripes, 1972 to 2024
Year
Annual mean temperature
Difference from the station mean
1972
11.5 C
-0.44 C
1973
12.0 C
+0.04 C
1974
12.1 C
+0.12 C
1975
11.5 C
-0.50 C
1977
11.9 C
-0.08 C
1978
11.4 C
-0.58 C
1979
11.9 C
-0.04 C
1980
12.4 C
+0.38 C
1981
12.4 C
+0.44 C
1982
11.6 C
-0.43 C
1983
11.7 C
-0.26 C
1984
11.8 C
-0.17 C
1985
10.5 C
-1.47 C
1986
12.5 C
+0.50 C
1987
12.3 C
+0.34 C
1988
12.2 C
+0.25 C
1989
11.8 C
-0.20 C
1991
12.0 C
+0.04 C
1992
12.7 C
+0.75 C
1993
10.3 C
-1.70 C
1994
12.6 C
+0.59 C
1998
12.6 C
+0.66 C
1999
11.9 C
-0.10 C
2000
11.4 C
-0.59 C
2001
12.0 C
-0.02 C
2002
11.7 C
-0.27 C
2003
12.9 C
+0.94 C
2004
12.4 C
+0.41 C
2005
11.8 C
-0.19 C
2007
11.7 C
-0.25 C
2008
11.1 C
-0.85 C
2009
11.3 C
-0.71 C
2010
11.7 C
-0.27 C
2011
11.0 C
-0.94 C
2012
11.6 C
-0.35 C
2014
12.4 C
+0.43 C
2016
12.5 C
+0.51 C
2018
12.3 C
+0.33 C
2019
11.2 C
-0.80 C
2020
12.9 C
+0.94 C
2021
13.5 C
+1.49 C
2022
12.1 C
+0.07 C
2023
12.8 C
+0.86 C
2024
13.1 C
+1.11 C
The fitted trend in annual mean temperature here over 1972 to 2024 is 0.11 C (-0.01 to 0.23) per decade. The interval includes zero, so the trend is not clearly different from zero. In Fahrenheit: 0.20 F (-0.03 to 0.42) per decade. The slope is a straight line fitted to 44 complete years; the brackets give its 95 percent interval.
Fitted temperature trends per decade at Boardman
Measure
Per decade (C)
Per decade (F)
Period
Complete years
Reading
Annual mean temperature
0.11 C (-0.01 to 0.23) per decade
0.20 F (-0.03 to 0.42) per decade
1972 to 2024
44
Not clearly different from zero
Mean daily maximum
0.16 C (0.02 to 0.31) per decade
0.30 F (0.03 to 0.56) per decade
1972 to 2024
44
Rise
Mean daily minimum
0.1 C (-0.1 to 0.2) per decade
0.1 F (-0.1 to 0.3) per decade
1972 to 2024
44
Not clearly different from zero
A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.
Extremes by Year
1971 to 2026
Yearly extremes at Boardman: the record and the median year
Measure
Record
Year of the record
Median year
Years with a value
Hottest day (TXx)
46.1 C (115.0 F)
2024
40.3 C (104.5 F)
56
Coldest night (TNn)
-26.1 C (-15.0 F)
1983
-14.7 C (5.5 F)
56
Wettest day (Rx1day)
36.3 mm (1.4 in)
2006
17.8 mm (0.7 in)
56
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
49.3 mm (1.9 in)
1988
28.0 mm (1.1 in)
56
Longest dry spell (CDD)
149 days
2024
61 days
56
Hottest day (TXx)
The hottest day of the year at Boardman, 1971 to 2026. The record is 46.1 C (115.0 F) in 2024, marked on the chart; the median year is 40.3 C (104.5 F).
Hottest day (TXx) at Boardman by year
Year
Hottest day (TXx)
1971
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1972
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1973
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1974
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1975
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1976
37.2 C (99.0 F)
1977
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1978
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1979
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1980
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1981
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1982
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1983
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1984
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1985
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1986
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1987
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1988
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1989
37.8 C (100.0 F)
1990
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1991
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1992
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1993
37.2 C (99.0 F)
1994
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1995
37.2 C (99.0 F)
1996
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1997
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1998
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1999
38.3 C (100.9 F)
2000
37.2 C (99.0 F)
2001
38.9 C (102.0 F)
2002
40.6 C (105.1 F)
2003
42.2 C (108.0 F)
2004
38.9 C (102.0 F)
2005
40.0 C (104.0 F)
2006
42.8 C (109.0 F)
2007
40.6 C (105.1 F)
2008
39.4 C (102.9 F)
2009
41.7 C (107.1 F)
2010
40.0 C (104.0 F)
2011
36.7 C (98.1 F)
2012
40.6 C (105.1 F)
2013
42.2 C (108.0 F)
2014
43.3 C (109.9 F)
2015
41.7 C (107.1 F)
2016
40.6 C (105.1 F)
2017
40.0 C (104.0 F)
2018
41.7 C (107.1 F)
2019
37.8 C (100.0 F)
2020
41.1 C (106.0 F)
2021
45.0 C (113.0 F)
2022
40.6 C (105.1 F)
2023
41.1 C (106.0 F)
2024
46.1 C (115.0 F)
2025
40.6 C (105.1 F)
2026
38.9 C (102.0 F)
Coldest night (TNn)
The coldest night of the year at Boardman, 1971 to 2026. The record is -26.1 C (-15.0 F) in 1983, marked on the chart; the median year is -14.7 C (5.5 F).
Coldest night (TNn) at Boardman by year
Year
Coldest night (TNn)
1971
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
1972
-22.8 C (-9.0 F)
1973
-22.2 C (-8.0 F)
1974
-20.6 C (-5.1 F)
1975
-7.8 C (18.0 F)
1976
-13.9 C (7.0 F)
1977
-16.7 C (1.9 F)
1978
-22.2 C (-8.0 F)
1979
-23.9 C (-11.0 F)
1980
-18.3 C (-0.9 F)
1981
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
1982
-17.2 C (1.0 F)
1983
-26.1 C (-15.0 F)
1984
-18.9 C (-2.0 F)
1985
-22.8 C (-9.0 F)
1986
-8.3 C (17.1 F)
1987
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
1988
-12.8 C (9.0 F)
1989
-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
1990
-24.4 C (-11.9 F)
1991
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
1992
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
1993
-18.9 C (-2.0 F)
1994
-14.4 C (6.1 F)
1995
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
1996
-24.4 C (-11.9 F)
1997
-12.2 C (10.0 F)
1998
-16.7 C (1.9 F)
1999
-6.7 C (19.9 F)
2000
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
2001
-7.2 C (19.0 F)
2002
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
2003
-13.3 C (8.1 F)
2004
-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
2005
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
2006
-15.6 C (3.9 F)
2007
-15.6 C (3.9 F)
2008
-21.1 C (-6.0 F)
2009
-18.9 C (-2.0 F)
2010
-18.9 C (-2.0 F)
2011
-13.9 C (7.0 F)
2012
-12.8 C (9.0 F)
2013
-21.1 C (-6.0 F)
2014
-13.3 C (8.1 F)
2015
-13.3 C (8.1 F)
2016
-18.9 C (-2.0 F)
2017
-18.3 C (-0.9 F)
2018
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
2019
-16.7 C (1.9 F)
2020
-10.6 C (12.9 F)
2021
-11.7 C (10.9 F)
2022
-15.0 C (5.0 F)
2023
-12.8 C (9.0 F)
2024
-17.8 C (0.0 F)
2025
-12.8 C (9.0 F)
2026
-8.3 C (17.1 F)
Wettest day (Rx1day)
The wettest day of the year at Boardman, 1971 to 2026. The record is 36.3 mm (1.4 in) in 2006, marked on the chart; the median year is 17.8 mm (0.7 in).
Wettest day (Rx1day) at Boardman by year
Year
Wettest day (Rx1day)
1971
13.2 mm (0.5 in)
1972
28.2 mm (1.1 in)
1973
22.4 mm (0.9 in)
1974
14.7 mm (0.6 in)
1975
19.1 mm (0.8 in)
1976
11.7 mm (0.5 in)
1977
15.0 mm (0.6 in)
1978
17.5 mm (0.7 in)
1979
12.2 mm (0.5 in)
1980
22.9 mm (0.9 in)
1981
19.1 mm (0.8 in)
1982
24.4 mm (1.0 in)
1983
13.5 mm (0.5 in)
1984
15.7 mm (0.6 in)
1985
14.7 mm (0.6 in)
1986
11.7 mm (0.5 in)
1987
16.8 mm (0.7 in)
1988
27.7 mm (1.1 in)
1989
19.3 mm (0.8 in)
1990
16.5 mm (0.6 in)
1991
12.7 mm (0.5 in)
1992
14.0 mm (0.6 in)
1993
13.2 mm (0.5 in)
1994
17.8 mm (0.7 in)
1995
16.8 mm (0.7 in)
1996
17.8 mm (0.7 in)
1997
17.8 mm (0.7 in)
1998
31.8 mm (1.3 in)
1999
10.2 mm (0.4 in)
2000
11.9 mm (0.5 in)
2001
13.5 mm (0.5 in)
2002
13.2 mm (0.5 in)
2003
12.4 mm (0.5 in)
2004
20.3 mm (0.8 in)
2005
15.2 mm (0.6 in)
2006
36.3 mm (1.4 in)
2007
25.4 mm (1.0 in)
2008
15.7 mm (0.6 in)
2009
22.1 mm (0.9 in)
2010
24.6 mm (1.0 in)
2011
20.3 mm (0.8 in)
2012
26.7 mm (1.1 in)
2013
17.0 mm (0.7 in)
2014
10.7 mm (0.4 in)
2015
30.5 mm (1.2 in)
2016
17.8 mm (0.7 in)
2017
17.8 mm (0.7 in)
2018
11.7 mm (0.5 in)
2019
22.9 mm (0.9 in)
2020
12.7 mm (0.5 in)
2021
19.3 mm (0.8 in)
2022
18.3 mm (0.7 in)
2023
20.3 mm (0.8 in)
2024
29.5 mm (1.2 in)
2025
20.1 mm (0.8 in)
2026
20.3 mm (0.8 in)
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
The wettest five days of the year at Boardman, 1971 to 2026. The record is 49.3 mm (1.9 in) in 1988, marked on the chart; the median year is 28.0 mm (1.1 in).
Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Boardman by year
Year
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
1971
21.1 mm (0.8 in)
1972
29.7 mm (1.2 in)
1973
34.8 mm (1.4 in)
1974
22.8 mm (0.9 in)
1975
34.8 mm (1.4 in)
1976
14.9 mm (0.6 in)
1977
43.2 mm (1.7 in)
1978
22.9 mm (0.9 in)
1979
24.1 mm (0.9 in)
1980
44.8 mm (1.8 in)
1981
36.7 mm (1.4 in)
1982
27.7 mm (1.1 in)
1983
23.2 mm (0.9 in)
1984
30.4 mm (1.2 in)
1985
14.8 mm (0.6 in)
1986
23.4 mm (0.9 in)
1987
24.3 mm (1.0 in)
1988
49.3 mm (1.9 in)
1989
30.0 mm (1.2 in)
1990
22.9 mm (0.9 in)
1991
20.6 mm (0.8 in)
1992
24.7 mm (1.0 in)
1993
19.6 mm (0.8 in)
1994
26.1 mm (1.0 in)
1995
32.9 mm (1.3 in)
1996
31.3 mm (1.2 in)
1997
40.6 mm (1.6 in)
1998
35.4 mm (1.4 in)
1999
18.6 mm (0.7 in)
2000
21.5 mm (0.8 in)
2001
20.9 mm (0.8 in)
2002
45.9 mm (1.8 in)
2003
34.2 mm (1.3 in)
2004
23.1 mm (0.9 in)
2005
39.1 mm (1.5 in)
2006
43.4 mm (1.7 in)
2007
31.5 mm (1.2 in)
2008
26.7 mm (1.1 in)
2009
28.2 mm (1.1 in)
2010
27.6 mm (1.1 in)
2011
7.4 mm (0.29 in)
2012
20.2 mm (0.8 in)
2013
20.4 mm (0.8 in)
2014
16.5 mm (0.6 in)
2015
34.5 mm (1.4 in)
2016
31.8 mm (1.3 in)
2017
34.0 mm (1.3 in)
2018
19.3 mm (0.8 in)
2019
35.8 mm (1.4 in)
2020
23.6 mm (0.9 in)
2021
35.3 mm (1.4 in)
2022
30.2 mm (1.2 in)
2023
31.5 mm (1.2 in)
2024
44.0 mm (1.7 in)
2025
26.8 mm (1.1 in)
2026
28.6 mm (1.1 in)
Longest dry spell (CDD)
The longest dry spell of the year at Boardman, 1971 to 2026. The record is 149 days in 2024, marked on the chart; the median year is 61 days.
Longest dry spell (CDD) at Boardman by year
Year
Longest dry spell (CDD)
1971
25 days
1972
81 days
1973
115 days
1974
100 days
1975
42 days
1976
39 days
1977
52 days
1978
69 days
1979
39 days
1980
65 days
1981
75 days
1982
48 days
1983
27 days
1984
68 days
1985
54 days
1986
42 days
1987
78 days
1988
49 days
1989
56 days
1990
53 days
1991
76 days
1992
29 days
1993
88 days
1994
100 days
1995
58 days
1996
57 days
1997
32 days
1998
49 days
1999
80 days
2000
85 days
2001
56 days
2002
70 days
2003
67 days
2004
55 days
2005
83 days
2006
78 days
2007
49 days
2008
59 days
2009
125 days
2010
41 days
2011
2 days
2012
73 days
2013
43 days
2014
46 days
2015
78 days
2016
29 days
2017
58 days
2018
110 days
2019
38 days
2020
68 days
2021
86 days
2022
91 days
2023
62 days
2024
149 days
2025
103 days
2026
83 days
Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.
Frost Dates and Growing Season
44 years with a frost
Across 44 years with a frost, the median last spring frost at Boardman falls on 17 April and the median first autumn frost on 16 October, which leaves a median of 183 days between them.
Fitted over all years, the growing season changes by +2.3 days per decade at this station.
Frost dates and growing season at Boardman
Measure
Median, all years
Earliest period
Recent period (1987 to 2024)
Recent against earliest
Fitted trend
Last spring frost
17 April
n/a
16 April
n/a
+0.9 days per decade
First autumn frost
16 October
n/a
19 October
n/a
+3.1 days per decade
Growing days
183 days
n/a
191 days
n/a
+2.3 days per decade
A frost day is a day with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F). The last spring frost and the first autumn frost are the last and first such days of the cold season, and growing days are the days between them. A negative trend for the last spring frost means it comes earlier.
Rainfall Return Levels
48 years, 1972 to 2025
A day with at least 16.9 mm (0.7 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 39.3 mm (1.5 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.
Rainfall return levels at Boardman: the daily rain expected about once in a given number of years
Expected about once in
A day with at least
Note
2 years
16.9 mm (0.7 in)
5 years
22.2 mm (0.9 in)
10 years
26.0 mm (1.0 in)
25 years
31.1 mm (1.2 in)
50 years
35.1 mm (1.4 in)
Longer than the 48 years of record
100 years
39.3 mm (1.5 in)
Longer than the 48 years of record
The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 48 years of values from 1972 to 2025.
A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.
The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 36.3 mm (1.4 in) in 2006; 31.8 mm (1.3 in) in 1998; 29.5 mm (1.2 in) in 2024.
Station Changes
No change in the annual mean temperature of this station was found against its neighbours.
Climate Twins
2007 to 2024 against 1961 to 1990
Over 2007 to 2024, Boardman had a mean temperature of 12.1 C (53.7 F) and 212.0 mm (8.3 in) of rain a year. The 3 stations whose 1961 to 1990 climate was closest to that are Fallon Naas (United States, 719 km away), Caliente (United States, 1,010 km away) and Mina (United States, 840 km away).
Climate twins of Boardman: stations whose 1961 to 1990 climate is closest to its 2007 to 2024 climate
Twins are stations, not cities. A twin is one of the three stations at least 100 km away whose earlier climate is closest to this station's recent one, so a close match does not mean the two places look alike in other ways. A station move or a gap in a record can change that station's averages. The list describes past climate; it is not a forecast and does not say what caused any change. How twins are found, and a search for any station.
Download the Data
Data for Boardman standing records by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Data for Boardman threshold days by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-14 (14 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.