Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Kadoka (USC00394413), South Dakota, United States, with 99 years of record.
Key Facts for Kadoka
Kadoka (USC00394413) is a weather station in South Dakota, United States at 43.84 latitude and -101.51 longitude, 747 m (2,450 ft) above sea level.
The station reports from 1909 to 2007, 99 years of record.
1,464 records set at Kadoka still stand.
Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
Kadoka set a daily record high maximum temperature of 40.0 C (104.0 F) on 25 June 2007.
About the Station
Location: South Dakota, United States, 43.84 latitude, -101.51 longitude.
Elevation: 747 m (2,450 ft).
Period of record: 1909 to 2007, 99 years.
Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd.
Daily Record Envelope and 2026
0 days at or beyond a record
Record highRecord low2026 daily maximum2026 daily minimum
The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Kadoka. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 0 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
Daily record high and record low at Kadoka, with 2026 drawn through them
Month
Highest record high
Lowest record low
2026 highest maximum
2026 lowest minimum
Jan
20.6 C (69.1 F)
-37.8 C (-36.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Feb
22.2 C (72.0 F)
-36.1 C (-33.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Mar
31.7 C (89.1 F)
-29.4 C (-20.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Apr
33.9 C (93.0 F)
-13.9 C (7.0 F)
n/a
n/a
May
39.4 C (102.9 F)
-8.3 C (17.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Jun
43.3 C (109.9 F)
1.1 C (34.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Jul
46.1 C (115.0 F)
4.4 C (39.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Aug
42.8 C (109.0 F)
0.6 C (33.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Sep
40.6 C (105.1 F)
-5.0 C (23.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Oct
36.1 C (97.0 F)
-15.0 C (5.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Nov
28.3 C (82.9 F)
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Dec
21.1 C (70.0 F)
-33.9 C (-29.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Which Years Hold Standing Records
1,464 standing records
Year with most
1,464 records at Kadoka still stand. 2002 holds the most, with 53.
Standing records at Kadoka by the year they were set
Year set
Standing records
1909
22
1910
51
1911
50
1912
41
1913
38
1914
34
1915
31
1916
51
1917
44
1918
32
1919
5
1920
32
1921
20
1922
28
1952
15
1953
27
1954
41
1955
35
1956
29
1957
30
1958
28
1959
35
1960
25
1961
19
1962
40
1963
36
1964
33
1965
35
1966
22
1967
24
1968
27
1969
36
1970
27
1971
16
1972
26
1973
16
1974
27
1975
7
1976
7
1977
25
1978
1
1998
8
1999
35
2000
41
2001
21
2002
53
2003
34
2004
25
2005
26
2006
33
2007
20
All-Time Record Progression
2 new records
2 all-time records were set at Kadoka between 21 March 2006 and 15 July 2006. Each dot is a new record.
When Kadoka set new all-time records
Date
Kind
Detail
2006-03-21
Record snow depth
Record snow depth 63.5 cm (25.0 in)
2006-07-15
Record high maximum temperature
Record high maximum temperature 46.1 C (115.0 F)
Wettest Day of Each Month
Aug: 88.4 mm (3.5 in)
The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Kadoka. The most was 88.4 mm (3.5 in) on 2 August 1953.
Record daily precipitation for each month at Kadoka
Month
Record daily precipitation (mm)
Date
Jan
17.8 mm (0.7 in)
7 January 1975
Feb
61.0 mm (2.4 in)
13 February 1915
Mar
54.6 mm (2.1 in)
8 March 2000
Apr
61.0 mm (2.4 in)
16 April 2003
May
66.3 mm (2.6 in)
27 May 1973
Jun
54.6 mm (2.1 in)
13 June 1961
Jul
62.5 mm (2.5 in)
17 July 1999
Aug
88.4 mm (3.5 in)
2 August 1953
Sep
58.7 mm (2.3 in)
20 September 1955
Oct
46.0 mm (1.8 in)
6 October 1962
Nov
34.5 mm (1.4 in)
2 November 1956
Dec
21.6 mm (0.9 in)
10 December 1914
Period of Record Coverage
1909 to 2007
Complete yearUnder 90 percent of days
51 years of record at Kadoka, 1909 to 2007. 13 years have data for under 90 percent of days and are left out of rankings: 1909, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1952 and others.
Cooler than the station meanWarmer than the station mean
One stripe for each of 36 complete years at Kadoka, 1911 to 2006. Blue stripes are years cooler than the station's own mean of 9.1 C (48.3 F); red stripes are warmer. The coolest year was 1915, at 7.4 C (45.4 F), and the warmest was 2006, at 10.5 C (51.0 F). The strongest colour marks a difference of 1.7 C (3.1 F).
Annual mean temperature at Kadoka as warming stripes, 1911 to 2006
Year
Annual mean temperature
Difference from the station mean
1911
8.6 C
-0.48 C
1912
7.8 C
-1.23 C
1913
8.5 C
-0.57 C
1914
8.8 C
-0.26 C
1915
7.4 C
-1.64 C
1916
7.6 C
-1.46 C
1953
10.0 C
+0.89 C
1954
10.2 C
+1.09 C
1955
9.0 C
-0.07 C
1956
9.2 C
+0.10 C
1957
8.6 C
-0.48 C
1958
9.1 C
+0.03 C
1959
8.7 C
-0.37 C
1960
8.6 C
-0.47 C
1961
9.4 C
+0.35 C
1962
9.0 C
-0.08 C
1963
10.3 C
+1.26 C
1964
9.3 C
+0.22 C
1965
8.6 C
-0.51 C
1966
8.3 C
-0.73 C
1967
8.8 C
-0.26 C
1968
8.6 C
-0.43 C
1969
8.8 C
-0.28 C
1970
8.4 C
-0.67 C
1971
8.5 C
-0.57 C
1972
8.3 C
-0.76 C
1974
10.4 C
+1.30 C
1977
8.9 C
-0.15 C
1999
9.9 C
+0.84 C
2000
9.4 C
+0.38 C
2001
9.9 C
+0.85 C
2002
9.8 C
+0.74 C
2003
9.5 C
+0.44 C
2004
9.9 C
+0.84 C
2005
9.9 C
+0.83 C
2006
10.5 C
+1.47 C
The annual mean temperature here has risen by 0.2 C (0.1 to 0.3) per decade over 1911 to 2006. In Fahrenheit: 0.3 F (0.2 to 0.5) per decade. The slope is a straight line fitted to 36 complete years; the brackets give its 95 percent interval.
Fitted temperature trends per decade at Kadoka
Measure
Per decade (C)
Per decade (F)
Period
Complete years
Reading
Annual mean temperature
0.2 C (0.1 to 0.3) per decade
0.3 F (0.2 to 0.5) per decade
1911 to 2006
36
Rise
Mean daily maximum
0.13 C (0.03 to 0.22) per decade
0.2 F (0.1 to 0.4) per decade
1911 to 2006
36
Rise
Mean daily minimum
0.2 C (0.2 to 0.3) per decade
0.4 F (0.3 to 0.5) per decade
1911 to 2006
36
Rise
A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.
Extremes by Year
1909 to 2007
Yearly extremes at Kadoka: the record and the median year
Measure
Record
Year of the record
Median year
Years with a value
Hottest day (TXx)
46.1 C (115.0 F)
2006
40.0 C (104.0 F)
51
Coldest night (TNn)
-37.8 C (-36.0 F)
1916
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
51
Wettest day (Rx1day)
88.4 mm (3.5 in)
1953
43.2 mm (1.7 in)
51
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
119.2 mm (4.7 in)
1969
66.0 mm (2.6 in)
51
Longest dry spell (CDD)
98 days
1912
32 days
51
Hottest day (TXx)
The hottest day of the year at Kadoka, 1909 to 2007. The record is 46.1 C (115.0 F) in 2006, marked on the chart; the median year is 40.0 C (104.0 F).
Hottest day (TXx) at Kadoka by year
Year
Hottest day (TXx)
1909
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1910
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1911
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1912
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1913
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1914
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1915
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1916
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1917
42.8 C (109.0 F)
1918
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1919
23.9 C (75.0 F)
1920
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1921
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1922
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1952
42.8 C (109.0 F)
1953
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1954
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1955
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1956
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1957
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1958
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1959
42.2 C (108.0 F)
1960
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1961
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1962
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1963
42.2 C (108.0 F)
1964
43.3 C (109.9 F)
1965
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1966
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1967
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1968
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1969
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1970
42.8 C (109.0 F)
1971
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1972
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1973
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1974
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1975
16.7 C (62.1 F)
1976
20.6 C (69.1 F)
1977
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1978
6.1 C (43.0 F)
1998
21.1 C (70.0 F)
1999
38.9 C (102.0 F)
2000
41.1 C (106.0 F)
2001
40.6 C (105.1 F)
2002
43.3 C (109.9 F)
2003
42.2 C (108.0 F)
2004
38.9 C (102.0 F)
2005
40.0 C (104.0 F)
2006
46.1 C (115.0 F)
2007
40.0 C (104.0 F)
Coldest night (TNn)
The coldest night of the year at Kadoka, 1909 to 2007. The record is -37.8 C (-36.0 F) in 1916, marked on the chart; the median year is -28.9 C (-20.0 F).
Coldest night (TNn) at Kadoka by year
Year
Coldest night (TNn)
1909
-24.4 C (-11.9 F)
1910
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
1911
-29.4 C (-20.9 F)
1912
-33.3 C (-27.9 F)
1913
-31.1 C (-24.0 F)
1914
-33.3 C (-27.9 F)
1915
-30.6 C (-23.1 F)
1916
-37.8 C (-36.0 F)
1917
-36.1 C (-33.0 F)
1918
-35.6 C (-32.1 F)
1919
-31.7 C (-25.1 F)
1920
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
1921
-20.0 C (-4.0 F)
1922
-28.3 C (-18.9 F)
1952
-16.7 C (1.9 F)
1953
-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
1954
-28.3 C (-18.9 F)
1955
-26.1 C (-15.0 F)
1956
-26.1 C (-15.0 F)
1957
-31.1 C (-24.0 F)
1958
-26.7 C (-16.1 F)
1959
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
1960
-29.4 C (-20.9 F)
1961
-25.6 C (-14.1 F)
1962
-31.1 C (-24.0 F)
1963
-32.2 C (-26.0 F)
1964
-28.3 C (-18.9 F)
1965
-26.1 C (-15.0 F)
1966
-30.0 C (-22.0 F)
1967
-32.2 C (-26.0 F)
1968
-30.6 C (-23.1 F)
1969
-27.2 C (-17.0 F)
1970
-29.4 C (-20.9 F)
1971
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
1972
-28.3 C (-18.9 F)
1973
-26.7 C (-16.1 F)
1974
-26.7 C (-16.1 F)
1975
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
1976
-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
1977
-29.4 C (-20.9 F)
1978
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
1998
-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
1999
-26.1 C (-15.0 F)
2000
-27.8 C (-18.0 F)
2001
-24.4 C (-11.9 F)
2002
-21.7 C (-7.1 F)
2003
-25.6 C (-14.1 F)
2004
-23.3 C (-9.9 F)
2005
-26.1 C (-15.0 F)
2006
-29.4 C (-20.9 F)
2007
-30.0 C (-22.0 F)
Wettest day (Rx1day)
The wettest day of the year at Kadoka, 1909 to 2007. The record is 88.4 mm (3.5 in) in 1953, marked on the chart; the median year is 43.2 mm (1.7 in).
Wettest day (Rx1day) at Kadoka by year
Year
Wettest day (Rx1day)
1909
35.6 mm (1.4 in)
1910
25.1 mm (1.0 in)
1911
41.9 mm (1.6 in)
1912
42.7 mm (1.7 in)
1913
23.1 mm (0.9 in)
1914
41.7 mm (1.6 in)
1915
61.0 mm (2.4 in)
1916
34.3 mm (1.4 in)
1917
59.7 mm (2.4 in)
1918
76.7 mm (3.0 in)
1919
12.7 mm (0.5 in)
1920
50.0 mm (2.0 in)
1921
34.3 mm (1.4 in)
1922
58.4 mm (2.3 in)
1952
53.3 mm (2.1 in)
1953
88.4 mm (3.5 in)
1954
40.6 mm (1.6 in)
1955
58.7 mm (2.3 in)
1956
54.1 mm (2.1 in)
1957
72.1 mm (2.8 in)
1958
44.5 mm (1.8 in)
1959
43.7 mm (1.7 in)
1960
46.2 mm (1.8 in)
1961
54.6 mm (2.1 in)
1962
53.3 mm (2.1 in)
1963
50.8 mm (2.0 in)
1964
34.3 mm (1.4 in)
1965
53.3 mm (2.1 in)
1966
52.3 mm (2.1 in)
1967
42.2 mm (1.7 in)
1968
30.0 mm (1.2 in)
1969
43.2 mm (1.7 in)
1970
45.7 mm (1.8 in)
1971
38.1 mm (1.5 in)
1972
41.9 mm (1.6 in)
1973
66.3 mm (2.6 in)
1974
50.8 mm (2.0 in)
1975
24.1 mm (0.9 in)
1976
4.8 mm (0.19 in)
1977
52.1 mm (2.1 in)
1978
6.9 mm (0.27 in)
1998
3.0 mm (0.12 in)
1999
62.5 mm (2.5 in)
2000
54.6 mm (2.1 in)
2001
32.5 mm (1.3 in)
2002
39.4 mm (1.6 in)
2003
61.0 mm (2.4 in)
2004
40.1 mm (1.6 in)
2005
40.9 mm (1.6 in)
2006
30.0 mm (1.2 in)
2007
39.4 mm (1.6 in)
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
The wettest five days of the year at Kadoka, 1909 to 2007. The record is 119.2 mm (4.7 in) in 1969, marked on the chart; the median year is 66.0 mm (2.6 in).
Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Kadoka by year
Year
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
1909
67.7 mm (2.7 in)
1910
36.6 mm (1.4 in)
1911
67.0 mm (2.6 in)
1912
56.9 mm (2.2 in)
1913
25.4 mm (1.0 in)
1914
56.7 mm (2.2 in)
1915
65.3 mm (2.6 in)
1916
54.6 mm (2.1 in)
1917
59.7 mm (2.4 in)
1918
90.7 mm (3.6 in)
1919
16.5 mm (0.6 in)
1920
61.7 mm (2.4 in)
1921
75.7 mm (3.0 in)
1922
93.4 mm (3.7 in)
1952
94.2 mm (3.7 in)
1953
110.3 mm (4.3 in)
1954
52.1 mm (2.1 in)
1955
82.9 mm (3.3 in)
1956
107.5 mm (4.2 in)
1957
88.9 mm (3.5 in)
1958
65.5 mm (2.6 in)
1959
81.4 mm (3.2 in)
1960
59.2 mm (2.3 in)
1961
119.1 mm (4.7 in)
1962
94.7 mm (3.7 in)
1963
58.3 mm (2.3 in)
1964
66.1 mm (2.6 in)
1965
67.5 mm (2.7 in)
1966
64.5 mm (2.5 in)
1967
75.8 mm (3.0 in)
1968
72.2 mm (2.8 in)
1969
119.2 mm (4.7 in)
1970
71.1 mm (2.8 in)
1971
57.9 mm (2.3 in)
1972
73.9 mm (2.9 in)
1973
99.6 mm (3.9 in)
1974
75.2 mm (3.0 in)
1975
24.1 mm (0.9 in)
1976
4.8 mm (0.19 in)
1977
56.1 mm (2.2 in)
1978
15.0 mm (0.6 in)
1998
3.0 mm (0.12 in)
1999
81.1 mm (3.2 in)
2000
66.0 mm (2.6 in)
2001
55.6 mm (2.2 in)
2002
47.3 mm (1.9 in)
2003
87.7 mm (3.5 in)
2004
48.5 mm (1.9 in)
2005
83.2 mm (3.3 in)
2006
61.8 mm (2.4 in)
2007
50.8 mm (2.0 in)
Longest dry spell (CDD)
The longest dry spell of the year at Kadoka, 1909 to 2007. The record is 98 days in 1912, marked on the chart; the median year is 32 days.
Longest dry spell (CDD) at Kadoka by year
Year
Longest dry spell (CDD)
1909
35 days
1910
36 days
1911
38 days
1912
98 days
1913
29 days
1914
49 days
1915
29 days
1916
26 days
1917
37 days
1918
34 days
1919
32 days
1920
30 days
1921
34 days
1922
42 days
1952
58 days
1953
32 days
1954
35 days
1955
28 days
1956
25 days
1957
45 days
1958
38 days
1959
38 days
1960
39 days
1961
30 days
1962
38 days
1963
39 days
1964
39 days
1965
23 days
1966
20 days
1967
38 days
1968
27 days
1969
17 days
1970
22 days
1971
25 days
1972
22 days
1973
32 days
1974
48 days
1975
23 days
1976
25 days
1977
19 days
1978
31 days
1998
19 days
1999
17 days
2000
27 days
2001
34 days
2002
33 days
2003
21 days
2004
60 days
2005
26 days
2006
30 days
2007
37 days
Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.
Frost Dates and Growing Season
36 years with a frost
Across 36 years with a frost, the median last spring frost at Kadoka falls on 11 May and the median first autumn frost on 2 October, which leaves a median of 143 days between them.
Fitted over all years, the growing season changes by +0.5 days per decade at this station.
Frost dates and growing season at Kadoka
Measure
Median, all years
Earliest period
Recent period (1953 to 2006)
Recent against earliest
Fitted trend
Last spring frost
11 May
n/a
8 May
n/a
-0.4 days per decade
First autumn frost
2 October
n/a
2 October
n/a
+0.2 days per decade
Growing days
143 days
n/a
145 days
n/a
+0.5 days per decade
A frost day is a day with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F). The last spring frost and the first autumn frost are the last and first such days of the cold season, and growing days are the days between them. A negative trend for the last spring frost means it comes earlier.
Rainfall Return Levels
36 years, 1910 to 2006
A day with at least 46.4 mm (1.8 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 85.3 mm (3.4 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.
Rainfall return levels at Kadoka: the daily rain expected about once in a given number of years
Expected about once in
A day with at least
Note
2 years
46.4 mm (1.8 in)
5 years
57.7 mm (2.3 in)
10 years
64.8 mm (2.6 in)
25 years
73.4 mm (2.9 in)
50 years
79.5 mm (3.1 in)
Longer than the 36 years of record
100 years
85.3 mm (3.4 in)
Longer than the 36 years of record
The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 36 years of values from 1910 to 2006.
A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.
The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 88.4 mm (3.5 in) in 1953; 72.1 mm (2.8 in) in 1957; 66.3 mm (2.6 in) in 1973.
Download the Data
Data for Kadoka standing records by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Data for Kadoka threshold days by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-13 (13 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.