Madison 2SE Weather Records (USC00395090)
Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Madison 2SE (USC00395090), South Dakota, United States, with 66 years of record.
Key Facts for Madison 2SE
- Madison 2SE (USC00395090) is a weather station in South Dakota, United States at 43.99 latitude and -97.09 longitude, 501 m (1,643 ft) above sea level.
- The station reports from 1961 to 2026, 66 years of record.
- 1,464 records set at Madison 2SE still stand.
- Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
- Madison 2SE set a daily record high maximum temperature of 31.7 C (89.1 F) on 12 October 2026 (provisional).
Provisional Records
Records set in the last 60 days are provisional until they clear the revision window.
About the Station
- Location: South Dakota, United States, 43.99 latitude, -97.09 longitude.
- Elevation: 501 m (1,643 ft).
- Period of record: 1961 to 2026, 66 years.
- Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd.
Daily Record Envelope and 2026
14 days at or beyond a record| Month | Highest record high | Lowest record low | 2026 highest maximum | 2026 lowest minimum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 18.9 C (66.0 F) | -36.1 C (-33.0 F) | 12.2 C (54.0 F) | -29.4 C (-20.9 F) |
| Feb | 20.0 C (68.0 F) | -35.0 C (-31.0 F) | 16.1 C (61.0 F) | -19.4 C (-2.9 F) |
| Mar | 28.9 C (84.0 F) | -30.6 C (-23.1 F) | 27.2 C (81.0 F) | -18.3 C (-0.9 F) |
| Apr | 34.4 C (93.9 F) | -17.2 C (1.0 F) | 31.1 C (88.0 F) | -10.0 C (14.0 F) |
| May | 36.7 C (98.1 F) | -8.3 C (17.1 F) | 34.4 C (93.9 F) | -2.2 C (28.0 F) |
| Jun | 40.6 C (105.1 F) | 1.7 C (35.1 F) | 33.3 C (91.9 F) | 7.2 C (45.0 F) |
| Jul | 40.0 C (104.0 F) | 3.9 C (39.0 F) | 35.6 C (96.1 F) | 12.2 C (54.0 F) |
| Aug | 40.0 C (104.0 F) | 1.7 C (35.1 F) | 35.0 C (95.0 F) | 8.9 C (48.0 F) |
| Sep | 38.9 C (102.0 F) | -5.6 C (21.9 F) | 35.6 C (96.1 F) | 6.7 C (44.1 F) |
| Oct | 33.3 C (91.9 F) | -15.6 C (3.9 F) | 31.7 C (89.1 F) | 3.3 C (37.9 F) |
| Nov | 26.7 C (80.1 F) | -27.2 C (-17.0 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Dec | 17.8 C (64.0 F) | -35.0 C (-31.0 F) | n/a | n/a |
Which Years Hold Standing Records
1,464 standing records| Year set | Standing records |
|---|---|
| 1961 | 3 |
| 1962 | 39 |
| 1963 | 26 |
| 1964 | 32 |
| 1965 | 38 |
| 1966 | 26 |
| 1967 | 25 |
| 1968 | 32 |
| 1969 | 21 |
| 1970 | 21 |
| 1971 | 23 |
| 1972 | 23 |
| 1973 | 14 |
| 1974 | 30 |
| 1975 | 16 |
| 1976 | 31 |
| 1977 | 26 |
| 1978 | 16 |
| 1979 | 22 |
| 1980 | 14 |
| 1981 | 26 |
| 1982 | 13 |
| 1983 | 30 |
| 1984 | 12 |
| 1985 | 37 |
| 1986 | 9 |
| 1987 | 31 |
| 1988 | 23 |
| 1989 | 27 |
| 1990 | 28 |
| 1991 | 29 |
| 1992 | 19 |
| 1993 | 14 |
| 1994 | 11 |
| 1995 | 12 |
| 1996 | 18 |
| 1997 | 29 |
| 1998 | 28 |
| 1999 | 16 |
| 2000 | 43 |
| 2001 | 20 |
| 2002 | 32 |
| 2003 | 16 |
| 2004 | 24 |
| 2005 | 22 |
| 2006 | 19 |
| 2007 | 14 |
| 2008 | 5 |
| 2010 | 1 |
| 2011 | 20 |
| 2012 | 36 |
| 2013 | 23 |
| 2014 | 22 |
| 2015 | 23 |
| 2016 | 18 |
| 2017 | 26 |
| 2018 | 25 |
| 2019 | 18 |
| 2020 | 26 |
| 2021 | 33 |
| 2022 | 13 |
| 2023 | 26 |
| 2024 | 14 |
| 2025 | 36 |
| 2026 | 19 |
All-Time Record Progression
6 new records| Date | Kind | Detail |
|---|---|---|
| 1997-02-04 | Record daily snowfall | Record daily snowfall 30.5 cm (12.0 in) |
| 1997-02-04 | Record snow depth | Record snow depth 101.6 cm (40.0 in) |
| 1997-02-08 | Record snow depth | Record snow depth 104.1 cm (41.0 in) |
| 1997-02-12 | Record snow depth | Record snow depth 106.7 cm (42.0 in) |
| 2011-07-18 | Record high minimum temperature | Record high minimum temperature 28.3 C (82.9 F) |
| 2012-05-06 | Record daily precipitation | Record daily precipitation 122.2 mm (4.8 in) |
Wettest Day of Each Month
May: 122.2 mm (4.8 in)| Month | Record daily precipitation (mm) | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 24.1 mm (0.9 in) | 19 January 1988 |
| Feb | 37.6 mm (1.5 in) | 29 February 2012 |
| Mar | 64.8 mm (2.6 in) | 14 March 2019 |
| Apr | 59.9 mm (2.4 in) | 23 April 2001 |
| May | 122.2 mm (4.8 in) | 6 May 2012 |
| Jun | 107.2 mm (4.2 in) | 22 June 1986 |
| Jul | 68.8 mm (2.7 in) | 15 July 1982 |
| Aug | 105.4 mm (4.1 in) | 31 August 2010 |
| Sep | 110.0 mm (4.3 in) | 12 September 2019 |
| Oct | 76.2 mm (3.0 in) | 9 October 1982 |
| Nov | 41.1 mm (1.6 in) | 12 November 1982 |
| Dec | 41.7 mm (1.6 in) | 22 December 1968 |
Period of Record Coverage
1961 to 2026| Year | Days with data | Share of year | Complete |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 | 92 | 25% | No |
| 1962 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 1963 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1964 | 359 | 98% | Yes |
| 1965 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1966 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1967 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 1968 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1969 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1970 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1971 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 1972 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 1973 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1974 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1975 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1976 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1977 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 1978 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1979 | 359 | 98% | Yes |
| 1980 | 363 | 99% | Yes |
| 1981 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1982 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1983 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1984 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1985 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1986 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1987 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 1988 | 359 | 98% | Yes |
| 1989 | 343 | 94% | Yes |
| 1990 | 340 | 93% | Yes |
| 1991 | 320 | 88% | No |
| 1992 | 337 | 92% | Yes |
| 1993 | 332 | 91% | Yes |
| 1994 | 325 | 89% | No |
| 1995 | 320 | 88% | No |
| 1996 | 283 | 77% | No |
| 1997 | 362 | 99% | Yes |
| 1998 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 1999 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 2000 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 2001 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2002 | 362 | 99% | Yes |
| 2003 | 337 | 92% | Yes |
| 2004 | 364 | 99% | Yes |
| 2005 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2006 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2007 | 364 | 100% | Yes |
| 2008 | 83 | 23% | No |
| 2010 | 121 | 33% | No |
| 2011 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2012 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 2013 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2014 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2015 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2016 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 2017 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2018 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2019 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2020 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 2021 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2022 | 359 | 98% | Yes |
| 2023 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2024 | 366 | 100% | Yes |
| 2025 | 365 | 100% | Yes |
| 2026 | 285 | 78% | No |
Latest Records
20| Date | Station | Record | Value | Beat old record by | Old record stood | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 October 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily high max (Provisional) | 31.7 C (89.1 F) | 1.7 C (3.1 F) | 11 years | 11 of 100 (Routine) |
| 11 October 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily high max (Provisional) | 31.7 C (89.1 F) | 2.8 C (5.0 F) | 1 year | 10 of 100 (Routine) |
| 29 September 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily high min (Provisional) | 16.7 C (62.1 F) | 0.6 C (1.1 F) | 4 years | 8 of 100 (Routine) |
| 28 September 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily high min (Provisional) | 17.2 C (63.0 F) | 3.9 C (7.0 F) | 12 years | 16 of 100 (Routine) |
| 27 September 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily high min (Provisional) | 16.1 C (61.0 F) | 1.1 C (2.0 F) | 39 years | 19 of 100 (Routine) |
| 25 September 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily high min (Provisional) | 14.4 C (57.9 F) | 0.5 C (0.9 F) | 5 years | 7 of 100 (Routine) |
| 18 September 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily rain (Provisional) | 34.8 mm (1.4 in) | 9.9 mm (0.39 in) | 48 years | 27 of 100 (Routine) |
| 6 September 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily high min (Tie, Provisional) | 21.1 C (70.0 F) | tie | 11 years | 2 of 100 (Routine) |
| 31 August 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily high max (Provisional) | 35.0 C (95.0 F) | 0.6 C (1.1 F) | 12 years | 10 of 100 (Routine) |
| 5 August 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily low max | 20.6 C (69.1 F) | 1.1 C (2.0 F) | 33 years | 18 of 100 (Routine) |
| 31 July 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily rain | 59.7 mm (2.4 in) | 47.8 mm (1.9 in) | 56 years | 62 of 100 (Major) |
| 27 July 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily high min (Tie) | 22.2 C (72.0 F) | tie | 39 years | 4 of 100 (Routine) |
| 8 July 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily rain | 23.1 mm (0.9 in) | 9.6 mm (0.38 in) | 48 years | 20 of 100 (Routine) |
| 28 June 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily rain | 46.5 mm (1.8 in) | 7.6 mm (0.30 in) | 36 years | 22 of 100 (Routine) |
| 22 June 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily low max | 17.8 C (64.0 F) | 1.1 C (2.0 F) | 15 years | 12 of 100 (Routine) |
| 4 June 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily rain | 21.1 mm (0.8 in) | 1.3 mm (0.05 in) | 45 years | 20 of 100 (Routine) |
| 29 May 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily high min | 18.9 C (66.0 F) | 1.1 C (2.0 F) | 19 years | 13 of 100 (Routine) |
| 27 May 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily high max | 34.4 C (93.9 F) | 1.1 C (2.0 F) | 8 years | 9 of 100 (Routine) |
| 26 May 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily high min | 20.6 C (69.1 F) | 1.7 C (3.1 F) | 48 years | 23 of 100 (Routine) |
| 20 May 2026 | Madison 2SE, US | daily low min | -2.2 C (28.0 F) | 0.5 C (0.9 F) | 24 years | 14 of 100 (Routine) |
Climate Trend
58 complete years, 1962 to 2025| Year | Annual mean temperature | Difference from the station mean |
|---|---|---|
| 1962 | 7.0 C | -0.11 C |
| 1963 | 8.0 C | +0.88 C |
| 1964 | 7.7 C | +0.56 C |
| 1965 | 6.6 C | -0.58 C |
| 1966 | 6.9 C | -0.25 C |
| 1967 | 7.1 C | -0.01 C |
| 1968 | 7.6 C | +0.44 C |
| 1969 | 6.3 C | -0.79 C |
| 1970 | 6.9 C | -0.28 C |
| 1971 | 7.1 C | -0.06 C |
| 1972 | 5.9 C | -1.19 C |
| 1973 | 8.2 C | +1.07 C |
| 1974 | 7.8 C | +0.67 C |
| 1975 | 6.9 C | -0.27 C |
| 1976 | 8.2 C | +1.03 C |
| 1977 | 7.7 C | +0.61 C |
| 1978 | 6.1 C | -1.01 C |
| 1979 | 4.9 C | -2.22 C |
| 1980 | 6.7 C | -0.41 C |
| 1981 | 7.8 C | +0.67 C |
| 1982 | 5.3 C | -1.79 C |
| 1983 | 6.0 C | -1.09 C |
| 1984 | 6.2 C | -0.91 C |
| 1985 | 4.9 C | -2.21 C |
| 1986 | 6.6 C | -0.52 C |
| 1987 | 8.7 C | +1.58 C |
| 1988 | 7.1 C | -0.02 C |
| 1989 | 6.6 C | -0.54 C |
| 1990 | 8.1 C | +0.98 C |
| 1992 | 6.9 C | -0.20 C |
| 1993 | 5.3 C | -1.86 C |
| 1994 | 6.9 C | -0.25 C |
| 1995 | 6.6 C | -0.58 C |
| 1997 | 6.1 C | -1.06 C |
| 1998 | 8.1 C | +1.01 C |
| 1999 | 8.1 C | +0.94 C |
| 2000 | 7.2 C | +0.05 C |
| 2001 | 7.3 C | +0.12 C |
| 2002 | 7.3 C | +0.17 C |
| 2004 | 7.1 C | -0.07 C |
| 2005 | 7.8 C | +0.68 C |
| 2006 | 8.3 C | +1.15 C |
| 2007 | 7.3 C | +0.21 C |
| 2011 | 6.5 C | -0.65 C |
| 2012 | 9.3 C | +2.14 C |
| 2013 | 6.0 C | -1.09 C |
| 2014 | 5.8 C | -1.37 C |
| 2015 | 8.1 C | +1.01 C |
| 2016 | 8.6 C | +1.46 C |
| 2017 | 7.9 C | +0.78 C |
| 2018 | 6.4 C | -0.71 C |
| 2019 | 5.6 C | -1.57 C |
| 2020 | 7.7 C | +0.54 C |
| 2021 | 8.5 C | +1.34 C |
| 2022 | 6.8 C | -0.32 C |
| 2023 | 8.1 C | +0.94 C |
| 2024 | 8.8 C | +1.71 C |
| 2025 | 8.2 C | +1.09 C |
The fitted trend in annual mean temperature here over 1962 to 2025 is 0.12 C (-0.02 to 0.26) per decade. The interval includes zero, so the trend is not clearly different from zero. In Fahrenheit: 0.21 F (-0.03 to 0.46) per decade. The slope is a straight line fitted to 58 complete years; the brackets give its 95 percent interval.
| Measure | Per decade (C) | Per decade (F) | Period | Complete years | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual mean temperature | 0.12 C (-0.02 to 0.26) per decade | 0.21 F (-0.03 to 0.46) per decade | 1962 to 2025 | 58 | Not clearly different from zero |
| Mean daily maximum | 0.04 C (-0.13 to 0.22) per decade | 0.1 F (-0.2 to 0.4) per decade | 1962 to 2025 | 58 | Not clearly different from zero |
| Mean daily minimum | 0.2 C (0.1 to 0.3) per decade | 0.4 F (0.1 to 0.6) per decade | 1962 to 2025 | 58 | Rise |
A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.
Extremes by Year
1961 to 2026| Measure | Record | Year of the record | Median year | Years with a value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hottest day (TXx) | 40.6 C (105.1 F) | 1988 | 36.1 C (97.0 F) | 65 |
| Coldest night (TNn) | -36.1 C (-33.0 F) | 1972 | -30.6 C (-23.1 F) | 65 |
| Wettest day (Rx1day) | 122.2 mm (4.8 in) | 2012 | 54.6 mm (2.1 in) | 66 |
| Wettest five days (Rx5day) | 230.4 mm (9.1 in) | 2019 | 74.5 mm (2.9 in) | 66 |
| Longest dry spell (CDD) | 78 days | 1962 | 31 days | 66 |
Hottest day (TXx)
| Year | Hottest day (TXx) |
|---|---|
| 1961 | 29.4 C (84.9 F) |
| 1962 | 33.3 C (91.9 F) |
| 1963 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 1964 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
| 1965 | 38.9 C (102.0 F) |
| 1966 | 40.0 C (104.0 F) |
| 1967 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1968 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1969 | 36.1 C (97.0 F) |
| 1970 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1971 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1972 | 33.9 C (93.0 F) |
| 1973 | 38.3 C (100.9 F) |
| 1974 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
| 1975 | 36.1 C (97.0 F) |
| 1976 | 39.4 C (102.9 F) |
| 1977 | 38.9 C (102.0 F) |
| 1978 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 1979 | 34.4 C (93.9 F) |
| 1980 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 1981 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 1982 | 36.1 C (97.0 F) |
| 1983 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 1984 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
| 1985 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 1986 | 33.3 C (91.9 F) |
| 1987 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 1988 | 40.6 C (105.1 F) |
| 1989 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1990 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 1991 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1992 | 33.3 C (91.9 F) |
| 1993 | 33.3 C (91.9 F) |
| 1994 | 34.4 C (93.9 F) |
| 1995 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1996 | 33.9 C (93.0 F) |
| 1997 | 36.7 C (98.1 F) |
| 1998 | 33.3 C (91.9 F) |
| 1999 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 2000 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 2001 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 2002 | 40.0 C (104.0 F) |
| 2003 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 2004 | 33.3 C (91.9 F) |
| 2005 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 2006 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 2007 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 2008 | 12.2 C (54.0 F) |
| 2009 | n/a |
| 2010 | 30.0 C (86.0 F) |
| 2011 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 2012 | 38.9 C (102.0 F) |
| 2013 | 34.4 C (93.9 F) |
| 2014 | 32.2 C (90.0 F) |
| 2015 | 33.9 C (93.0 F) |
| 2016 | 36.1 C (97.0 F) |
| 2017 | 37.8 C (100.0 F) |
| 2018 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 2019 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 2020 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 2021 | 38.3 C (100.9 F) |
| 2022 | 38.3 C (100.9 F) |
| 2023 | 38.3 C (100.9 F) |
| 2024 | 33.9 C (93.0 F) |
| 2025 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 2026 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
Coldest night (TNn)
| Year | Coldest night (TNn) |
|---|---|
| 1961 | -26.1 C (-15.0 F) |
| 1962 | -33.3 C (-27.9 F) |
| 1963 | -31.7 C (-25.1 F) |
| 1964 | -29.4 C (-20.9 F) |
| 1965 | -30.6 C (-23.1 F) |
| 1966 | -35.0 C (-31.0 F) |
| 1967 | -32.8 C (-27.0 F) |
| 1968 | -32.2 C (-26.0 F) |
| 1969 | -30.0 C (-22.0 F) |
| 1970 | -34.4 C (-29.9 F) |
| 1971 | -30.6 C (-23.1 F) |
| 1972 | -36.1 C (-33.0 F) |
| 1973 | -30.6 C (-23.1 F) |
| 1974 | -34.4 C (-29.9 F) |
| 1975 | -30.0 C (-22.0 F) |
| 1976 | -30.6 C (-23.1 F) |
| 1977 | -32.8 C (-27.0 F) |
| 1978 | -31.1 C (-24.0 F) |
| 1979 | -32.2 C (-26.0 F) |
| 1980 | -27.8 C (-18.0 F) |
| 1981 | -32.2 C (-26.0 F) |
| 1982 | -33.9 C (-29.0 F) |
| 1983 | -33.3 C (-27.9 F) |
| 1984 | -32.2 C (-26.0 F) |
| 1985 | -33.3 C (-27.9 F) |
| 1986 | -30.6 C (-23.1 F) |
| 1987 | -29.4 C (-20.9 F) |
| 1988 | -32.2 C (-26.0 F) |
| 1989 | -33.3 C (-27.9 F) |
| 1990 | -31.7 C (-25.1 F) |
| 1991 | -25.0 C (-13.0 F) |
| 1992 | -26.1 C (-15.0 F) |
| 1993 | -31.1 C (-24.0 F) |
| 1994 | -35.0 C (-31.0 F) |
| 1995 | -26.1 C (-15.0 F) |
| 1996 | -31.1 C (-24.0 F) |
| 1997 | -28.9 C (-20.0 F) |
| 1998 | -30.6 C (-23.1 F) |
| 1999 | -29.4 C (-20.9 F) |
| 2000 | -28.3 C (-18.9 F) |
| 2001 | -30.0 C (-22.0 F) |
| 2002 | -23.3 C (-9.9 F) |
| 2003 | -28.3 C (-18.9 F) |
| 2004 | -29.4 C (-20.9 F) |
| 2005 | -28.9 C (-20.0 F) |
| 2006 | -23.9 C (-11.0 F) |
| 2007 | -27.2 C (-17.0 F) |
| 2008 | -32.2 C (-26.0 F) |
| 2009 | n/a |
| 2010 | -23.3 C (-9.9 F) |
| 2011 | -32.2 C (-26.0 F) |
| 2012 | -25.6 C (-14.1 F) |
| 2013 | -28.3 C (-18.9 F) |
| 2014 | -29.4 C (-20.9 F) |
| 2015 | -28.9 C (-20.0 F) |
| 2016 | -35.0 C (-31.0 F) |
| 2017 | -30.6 C (-23.1 F) |
| 2018 | -33.3 C (-27.9 F) |
| 2019 | -35.6 C (-32.1 F) |
| 2020 | -28.3 C (-18.9 F) |
| 2021 | -32.8 C (-27.0 F) |
| 2022 | -28.9 C (-20.0 F) |
| 2023 | -27.2 C (-17.0 F) |
| 2024 | -30.6 C (-23.1 F) |
| 2025 | -31.7 C (-25.1 F) |
| 2026 | -29.4 C (-20.9 F) |
Wettest day (Rx1day)
| Year | Wettest day (Rx1day) |
|---|---|
| 1961 | 33.0 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1962 | 68.1 mm (2.7 in) |
| 1963 | 61.7 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1964 | 44.5 mm (1.8 in) |
| 1965 | 38.4 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1966 | 37.6 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1967 | 47.0 mm (1.9 in) |
| 1968 | 51.8 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1969 | 61.2 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1970 | 27.9 mm (1.1 in) |
| 1971 | 82.3 mm (3.2 in) |
| 1972 | 96.3 mm (3.8 in) |
| 1973 | 67.1 mm (2.6 in) |
| 1974 | 64.8 mm (2.6 in) |
| 1975 | 52.1 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1976 | 37.1 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1977 | 38.1 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1978 | 31.8 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1979 | 48.3 mm (1.9 in) |
| 1980 | 35.6 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1981 | 35.8 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1982 | 76.2 mm (3.0 in) |
| 1983 | 60.2 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1984 | 54.6 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1985 | 52.6 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1986 | 107.2 mm (4.2 in) |
| 1987 | 27.4 mm (1.1 in) |
| 1988 | 59.7 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1989 | 50.8 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1990 | 62.0 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1991 | 55.9 mm (2.2 in) |
| 1992 | 68.1 mm (2.7 in) |
| 1993 | 51.8 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1994 | 59.9 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1995 | 57.7 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1996 | 56.4 mm (2.2 in) |
| 1997 | 57.2 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1998 | 50.3 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1999 | 81.3 mm (3.2 in) |
| 2000 | 47.8 mm (1.9 in) |
| 2001 | 59.9 mm (2.4 in) |
| 2002 | 51.8 mm (2.0 in) |
| 2003 | 30.0 mm (1.2 in) |
| 2004 | 61.7 mm (2.4 in) |
| 2005 | 54.4 mm (2.1 in) |
| 2006 | 73.7 mm (2.9 in) |
| 2007 | 87.4 mm (3.4 in) |
| 2008 | 5.3 mm (0.21 in) |
| 2009 | 10.2 mm (0.4 in) |
| 2010 | 105.4 mm (4.1 in) |
| 2011 | 57.9 mm (2.3 in) |
| 2012 | 122.2 mm (4.8 in) |
| 2013 | 42.2 mm (1.7 in) |
| 2014 | 54.6 mm (2.1 in) |
| 2015 | 61.2 mm (2.4 in) |
| 2016 | 72.4 mm (2.9 in) |
| 2017 | 46.5 mm (1.8 in) |
| 2018 | 69.1 mm (2.7 in) |
| 2019 | 110.0 mm (4.3 in) |
| 2020 | 40.6 mm (1.6 in) |
| 2021 | 25.1 mm (1.0 in) |
| 2022 | 41.9 mm (1.6 in) |
| 2023 | 45.7 mm (1.8 in) |
| 2024 | 74.4 mm (2.9 in) |
| 2025 | 41.4 mm (1.6 in) |
| 2026 | 59.7 mm (2.4 in) |
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
| Year | Wettest five days (Rx5day) |
|---|---|
| 1961 | 47.5 mm (1.9 in) |
| 1962 | 134.1 mm (5.3 in) |
| 1963 | 109.2 mm (4.3 in) |
| 1964 | 50.3 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1965 | 59.0 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1966 | 51.8 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1967 | 89.9 mm (3.5 in) |
| 1968 | 74.9 mm (2.9 in) |
| 1969 | 85.3 mm (3.4 in) |
| 1970 | 60.9 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1971 | 84.3 mm (3.3 in) |
| 1972 | 116.1 mm (4.6 in) |
| 1973 | 74.0 mm (2.9 in) |
| 1974 | 77.2 mm (3.0 in) |
| 1975 | 66.6 mm (2.6 in) |
| 1976 | 37.1 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1977 | 56.7 mm (2.2 in) |
| 1978 | 58.7 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1979 | 71.1 mm (2.8 in) |
| 1980 | 73.5 mm (2.9 in) |
| 1981 | 42.2 mm (1.7 in) |
| 1982 | 105.9 mm (4.2 in) |
| 1983 | 66.4 mm (2.6 in) |
| 1984 | 104.4 mm (4.1 in) |
| 1985 | 57.2 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1986 | 138.7 mm (5.5 in) |
| 1987 | 71.1 mm (2.8 in) |
| 1988 | 60.5 mm (2.4 in) |
| 1989 | 57.6 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1990 | 116.1 mm (4.6 in) |
| 1991 | 83.6 mm (3.3 in) |
| 1992 | 81.0 mm (3.2 in) |
| 1993 | 79.3 mm (3.1 in) |
| 1994 | 63.7 mm (2.5 in) |
| 1995 | 76.3 mm (3.0 in) |
| 1996 | 83.6 mm (3.3 in) |
| 1997 | 95.0 mm (3.7 in) |
| 1998 | 71.4 mm (2.8 in) |
| 1999 | 87.4 mm (3.4 in) |
| 2000 | 59.5 mm (2.3 in) |
| 2001 | 88.6 mm (3.5 in) |
| 2002 | 62.2 mm (2.4 in) |
| 2003 | 63.0 mm (2.5 in) |
| 2004 | 115.9 mm (4.6 in) |
| 2005 | 101.6 mm (4.0 in) |
| 2006 | 81.6 mm (3.2 in) |
| 2007 | 107.4 mm (4.2 in) |
| 2008 | 7.4 mm (0.29 in) |
| 2009 | 22.7 mm (0.9 in) |
| 2010 | 127.2 mm (5.0 in) |
| 2011 | 85.1 mm (3.4 in) |
| 2012 | 159.6 mm (6.3 in) |
| 2013 | 62.3 mm (2.5 in) |
| 2014 | 97.3 mm (3.8 in) |
| 2015 | 71.1 mm (2.8 in) |
| 2016 | 75.7 mm (3.0 in) |
| 2017 | 80.3 mm (3.2 in) |
| 2018 | 113.0 mm (4.4 in) |
| 2019 | 230.4 mm (9.1 in) |
| 2020 | 44.2 mm (1.7 in) |
| 2021 | 36.3 mm (1.4 in) |
| 2022 | 49.8 mm (2.0 in) |
| 2023 | 54.6 mm (2.1 in) |
| 2024 | 149.4 mm (5.9 in) |
| 2025 | 69.9 mm (2.8 in) |
| 2026 | 67.0 mm (2.6 in) |
Longest dry spell (CDD)
| Year | Longest dry spell (CDD) |
|---|---|
| 1961 | 36 days |
| 1962 | 78 days |
| 1963 | 31 days |
| 1964 | 58 days |
| 1965 | 23 days |
| 1966 | 26 days |
| 1967 | 33 days |
| 1968 | 27 days |
| 1969 | 18 days |
| 1970 | 36 days |
| 1971 | 28 days |
| 1972 | 32 days |
| 1973 | 19 days |
| 1974 | 30 days |
| 1975 | 23 days |
| 1976 | 30 days |
| 1977 | 27 days |
| 1978 | 38 days |
| 1979 | 21 days |
| 1980 | 35 days |
| 1981 | 31 days |
| 1982 | 34 days |
| 1983 | 31 days |
| 1984 | 37 days |
| 1985 | 16 days |
| 1986 | 41 days |
| 1987 | 46 days |
| 1988 | 34 days |
| 1989 | 37 days |
| 1990 | 26 days |
| 1991 | 31 days |
| 1992 | 23 days |
| 1993 | 22 days |
| 1994 | 33 days |
| 1995 | 22 days |
| 1996 | 24 days |
| 1997 | 22 days |
| 1998 | 50 days |
| 1999 | 50 days |
| 2000 | 23 days |
| 2001 | 41 days |
| 2002 | 37 days |
| 2003 | 29 days |
| 2004 | 25 days |
| 2005 | 17 days |
| 2006 | 40 days |
| 2007 | 38 days |
| 2008 | 21 days |
| 2009 | 12 days |
| 2010 | 37 days |
| 2011 | 67 days |
| 2012 | 32 days |
| 2013 | 33 days |
| 2014 | 18 days |
| 2015 | 23 days |
| 2016 | 36 days |
| 2017 | 27 days |
| 2018 | 27 days |
| 2019 | 17 days |
| 2020 | 42 days |
| 2021 | 18 days |
| 2022 | 26 days |
| 2023 | 57 days |
| 2024 | 37 days |
| 2025 | 38 days |
| 2026 | 34 days |
Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.
Frost Dates and Growing Season
58 years with a frostAcross 58 years with a frost, the median last spring frost at Madison 2SE falls on 7 May and the median first autumn frost on 29 September, which leaves a median of 147 days between them.
Fitted over all years, the growing season changes by +1.7 days per decade at this station.
| Measure | Median, all years | Earliest period | Recent period (1990 to 2025) | Recent against earliest | Fitted trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last spring frost | 7 May | n/a | 3 May | n/a | -0.9 days per decade |
| First autumn frost | 29 September | n/a | 29 September | n/a | +0.9 days per decade |
| Growing days | 147 days | n/a | 151 days | n/a | +1.7 days per decade |
A frost day is a day with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F). The last spring frost and the first autumn frost are the last and first such days of the cold season, and growing days are the days between them. A negative trend for the last spring frost means it comes earlier.
Rainfall Return Levels
61 years, 1962 to 2025A day with at least 54.4 mm (2.1 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 124.8 mm (4.9 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.
| Expected about once in | A day with at least | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2 years | 54.4 mm (2.1 in) | |
| 5 years | 72.8 mm (2.9 in) | |
| 10 years | 85.1 mm (3.4 in) | |
| 25 years | 101.0 mm (4.0 in) | |
| 50 years | 112.9 mm (4.4 in) | |
| 100 years | 124.8 mm (4.9 in) | Longer than the 61 years of record |
The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 61 years of values from 1962 to 2025.
A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.
The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 122.2 mm (4.8 in) in 2012; 110.0 mm (4.3 in) in 2019; 107.2 mm (4.2 in) in 1986.
Station Changes
2 suspected2 changes were suspected in the annual mean temperature of Madison 2SE, at 1979 and 2012. Each is measured against neighbouring stations.
- Relative to 5 neighbouring stations, the station's annual mean temperature from 1979 ran 0.3 C (0.6 F) lower than in the years before (possible change).
- Relative to 5 neighbouring stations, the station's annual mean temperature from 2012 ran 0.4 C (0.6 F) higher than in the years before (possible change).
| Year | Shift (C) | Shift (F) | Strength | Neighbours |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1979 | -0.3 | -0.6 | possible | 5 |
| 2012 | +0.4 | +0.6 | possible | 5 |
Possible change at the station (a move, a new instrument or a new site); the record is kept as measured. A "likely" change has a larger test statistic than a "possible" one. Neither says why the station differs from its neighbours. How changes are found, and the largest ones.
Climate Twins
2011 to 2025 against 1961 to 1990Over 2011 to 2025, Madison 2SE had a mean temperature of 7.5 C (45.5 F) and 631.9 mm (24.9 in) of rain a year. The 3 stations whose 1961 to 1990 climate was closest to that are Sanborn (United States, 146 km away), Windom (United States, 159 km away) and Canby (United States, 104 km away).
| Twin station | Country | Distance away | Mean temperature, 1961-1990 | Rain a year, 1961-1990 | Climate difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sanborn | United States | 146 km (91 mi) | 7.6 C (45.7 F) | 681.5 mm (26.8 in) | 0.95 |
| Windom | United States | 159 km (99 mi) | 7.3 C (45.1 F) | 710.6 mm (28.0 in) | 0.99 |
| Canby | United States | 104 km (65 mi) | 7.3 C (45.2 F) | 649.7 mm (25.6 in) | 1.00 |
Twins are stations, not cities. A twin is one of the three stations at least 100 km away whose earlier climate is closest to this station's recent one, so a close match does not mean the two places look alike in other ways. A station move or a gap in a record can change that station's averages. The list describes past climate; it is not a forecast and does not say what caused any change. How twins are found, and a search for any station.
Download the Data
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-15 (15 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.
Data as of . Last revised (2026-10-15).