Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Pukwana 3 W (USC00396832), South Dakota, United States, with 46 years of record.
Key Facts for Pukwana 3 W
Pukwana 3 W (USC00396832) is a weather station in South Dakota, United States at 43.78 latitude and -99.23 longitude, 485 m (1,591 ft) above sea level.
The station reports from 1919 to 1964, 46 years of record.
1,464 records set at Pukwana 3 W still stand.
Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp, snow: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
Pukwana 3 W set a daily record low maximum temperature of 16.7 C (62.1 F) on 15 September 1964.
About the Station
Location: South Dakota, United States, 43.78 latitude, -99.23 longitude.
Elevation: 485 m (1,591 ft).
Period of record: 1919 to 1964, 46 years.
Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp, snow.
Daily Record Envelope and 2026
0 days at or beyond a record
Record highRecord low2026 daily maximum2026 daily minimum
The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Pukwana 3 W. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 0 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
Daily record high and record low at Pukwana 3 W, with 2026 drawn through them
Month
Highest record high
Lowest record low
2026 highest maximum
2026 lowest minimum
Jan
18.9 C (66.0 F)
-37.8 C (-36.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Feb
23.9 C (75.0 F)
-38.3 C (-36.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Mar
33.3 C (91.9 F)
-34.4 C (-29.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Apr
36.7 C (98.1 F)
-20.0 C (-4.0 F)
n/a
n/a
May
39.4 C (102.9 F)
-7.8 C (18.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Jun
43.3 C (109.9 F)
-1.7 C (28.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Jul
47.8 C (118.0 F)
4.4 C (39.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Aug
46.7 C (116.1 F)
-1.1 C (30.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Sep
42.8 C (109.0 F)
-8.3 C (17.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Oct
37.2 C (99.0 F)
-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Nov
26.1 C (79.0 F)
-31.7 C (-25.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Dec
22.2 C (72.0 F)
-36.1 C (-33.0 F)
n/a
n/a
Which Years Hold Standing Records
1,464 standing records
Year with most
1,464 records at Pukwana 3 W still stand. 1936 holds the most, with 97.
Standing records at Pukwana 3 W by the year they were set
Year set
Standing records
1919
6
1920
18
1923
8
1924
36
1925
33
1926
36
1927
43
1928
39
1929
25
1930
42
1931
64
1932
39
1933
47
1934
46
1935
48
1936
97
1937
46
1938
35
1939
46
1940
30
1941
28
1942
36
1943
29
1944
30
1945
23
1946
39
1947
37
1948
28
1949
3
1950
41
1951
42
1952
23
1953
34
1954
29
1955
39
1956
28
1957
19
1958
33
1959
32
1960
21
1961
14
1962
35
1963
17
1964
20
All-Time Record Progression
1 new records
1 all-time records were set at Pukwana 3 W between 3 August 1956 and 3 August 1956. Each dot is a new record.
When Pukwana 3 W set new all-time records
Date
Kind
Detail
1956-08-03
Record daily precipitation
Record daily precipitation 83.8 mm (3.3 in)
Wettest Day of Each Month
Aug: 83.8 mm (3.3 in)
The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Pukwana 3 W. The most was 83.8 mm (3.3 in) on 3 August 1956.
Record daily precipitation for each month at Pukwana 3 W
Month
Record daily precipitation (mm)
Date
Jan
36.8 mm (1.4 in)
9 January 1939
Feb
26.2 mm (1.0 in)
23 February 1942
Mar
43.9 mm (1.7 in)
25 March 1942
Apr
40.6 mm (1.6 in)
27 April 1964
May
74.2 mm (2.9 in)
27 May 1939
Jun
73.2 mm (2.9 in)
2 June 1954
Jul
62.2 mm (2.4 in)
21 July 1928
Aug
83.8 mm (3.3 in)
3 August 1956
Sep
56.9 mm (2.2 in)
14 September 1941
Oct
42.7 mm (1.7 in)
5 October 1946
Nov
51.1 mm (2.0 in)
28 November 1960
Dec
20.3 mm (0.8 in)
12 December 1949
Period of Record Coverage
1919 to 1964
Complete yearUnder 90 percent of days
44 years of record at Pukwana 3 W, 1919 to 1964. 8 years have data for under 90 percent of days and are left out of rankings: 1919, 1920, 1923, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1964.
Cooler than the station meanWarmer than the station mean
One stripe for each of 32 complete years at Pukwana 3 W, 1924 to 1963. Blue stripes are years cooler than the station's own mean of 8.9 C (48.1 F); red stripes are warmer. The coolest year was 1960, at 7.3 C (45.1 F), and the warmest was 1931, at 11.2 C (52.2 F). The strongest colour marks a difference of 2.4 C (4.3 F).
Annual mean temperature at Pukwana 3 W as warming stripes, 1924 to 1963
Year
Annual mean temperature
Difference from the station mean
1924
7.8 C
-1.12 C
1925
9.1 C
+0.18 C
1926
9.5 C
+0.53 C
1927
8.0 C
-0.95 C
1928
9.2 C
+0.30 C
1930
9.9 C
+0.92 C
1931
11.2 C
+2.30 C
1932
8.8 C
-0.16 C
1933
10.4 C
+1.44 C
1934
11.1 C
+2.17 C
1935
9.3 C
+0.35 C
1936
8.2 C
-0.75 C
1938
10.1 C
+1.15 C
1940
9.0 C
+0.03 C
1941
10.0 C
+1.06 C
1942
8.9 C
-0.08 C
1943
9.0 C
+0.08 C
1944
8.3 C
-0.63 C
1945
8.4 C
-0.56 C
1946
9.8 C
+0.88 C
1947
8.6 C
-0.32 C
1952
8.3 C
-0.66 C
1953
9.1 C
+0.19 C
1954
9.1 C
+0.14 C
1955
8.2 C
-0.76 C
1956
7.9 C
-1.02 C
1957
8.2 C
-0.72 C
1959
8.0 C
-0.90 C
1960
7.3 C
-1.65 C
1961
8.3 C
-0.64 C
1962
7.9 C
-1.05 C
1963
9.1 C
+0.15 C
The annual mean temperature here has fallen by 0.3 C (0.1 to 0.6) per decade over 1924 to 1963. In Fahrenheit: 0.6 F (0.2 to 1.1) per decade. The slope is a straight line fitted to 32 complete years; the brackets give its 95 percent interval.
Fitted temperature trends per decade at Pukwana 3 W
Measure
Per decade (C)
Per decade (F)
Period
Complete years
Reading
Annual mean temperature
-0.3 C (-0.6 to -0.1) per decade
-0.6 F (-1.1 to -0.2) per decade
1924 to 1963
32
Fall
Mean daily maximum
-0.5 C (-0.8 to -0.1) per decade
-0.8 F (-1.4 to -0.2) per decade
1924 to 1963
32
Fall
Mean daily minimum
-0.24 C (-0.48 to 0.00) per decade
-0.43 F (-0.86 to 0.01) per decade
1924 to 1963
32
Not clearly different from zero
A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.
Extremes by Year
1919 to 1964
Yearly extremes at Pukwana 3 W: the record and the median year
Measure
Record
Year of the record
Median year
Years with a value
Hottest day (TXx)
47.8 C (118.0 F)
1934
40.6 C (105.1 F)
44
Coldest night (TNn)
-38.3 C (-36.9 F)
1936
-32.5 C (-26.5 F)
44
Wettest day (Rx1day)
83.8 mm (3.3 in)
1956
42.3 mm (1.7 in)
44
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
141.7 mm (5.6 in)
1956
55.1 mm (2.2 in)
44
Longest dry spell (CDD)
77 days
1952
36 days
44
Hottest day (TXx)
The hottest day of the year at Pukwana 3 W, 1919 to 1964. The record is 47.8 C (118.0 F) in 1934, marked on the chart; the median year is 40.6 C (105.1 F).
Hottest day (TXx) at Pukwana 3 W by year
Year
Hottest day (TXx)
1919
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1920
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1923
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1924
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1925
42.2 C (108.0 F)
1926
44.4 C (111.9 F)
1927
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1928
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1929
43.9 C (111.0 F)
1930
43.3 C (109.9 F)
1931
42.8 C (109.0 F)
1932
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1933
43.9 C (111.0 F)
1934
47.8 C (118.0 F)
1935
45.0 C (113.0 F)
1936
47.2 C (117.0 F)
1937
45.6 C (114.1 F)
1938
42.2 C (108.0 F)
1939
42.2 C (108.0 F)
1940
46.1 C (115.0 F)
1941
42.2 C (108.0 F)
1942
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1943
41.7 C (107.1 F)
1944
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1945
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1946
43.3 C (109.9 F)
1947
43.9 C (111.0 F)
1948
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1949
34.4 C (93.9 F)
1950
34.4 C (93.9 F)
1951
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1952
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1953
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1954
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1955
41.1 C (106.0 F)
1956
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1957
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1958
37.8 C (100.0 F)
1959
39.4 C (102.9 F)
1960
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1961
37.2 C (99.0 F)
1962
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1963
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1964
43.3 C (109.9 F)
Coldest night (TNn)
The coldest night of the year at Pukwana 3 W, 1919 to 1964. The record is -38.3 C (-36.9 F) in 1936, marked on the chart; the median year is -32.5 C (-26.5 F).
Coldest night (TNn) at Pukwana 3 W by year
Year
Coldest night (TNn)
1919
0.6 C (33.1 F)
1920
-36.1 C (-33.0 F)
1923
-23.3 C (-9.9 F)
1924
-37.8 C (-36.0 F)
1925
-27.8 C (-18.0 F)
1926
-30.0 C (-22.0 F)
1927
-36.7 C (-34.1 F)
1928
-32.8 C (-27.0 F)
1929
-35.0 C (-31.0 F)
1930
-32.2 C (-26.0 F)
1931
-27.2 C (-17.0 F)
1932
-33.3 C (-27.9 F)
1933
-32.8 C (-27.0 F)
1934
-26.7 C (-16.1 F)
1935
-29.4 C (-20.9 F)
1936
-38.3 C (-36.9 F)
1937
-35.0 C (-31.0 F)
1938
-35.0 C (-31.0 F)
1939
-26.7 C (-16.1 F)
1940
-32.8 C (-27.0 F)
1941
-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
1942
-32.8 C (-27.0 F)
1943
-33.3 C (-27.9 F)
1944
-35.0 C (-31.0 F)
1945
-28.3 C (-18.9 F)
1946
-27.8 C (-18.0 F)
1947
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
1948
-30.6 C (-23.1 F)
1949
-20.6 C (-5.1 F)
1950
-31.7 C (-25.1 F)
1951
-30.0 C (-22.0 F)
1952
-27.2 C (-17.0 F)
1953
-31.1 C (-24.0 F)
1954
-36.7 C (-34.1 F)
1955
-33.3 C (-27.9 F)
1956
-34.4 C (-29.9 F)
1957
-30.6 C (-23.1 F)
1958
-32.8 C (-27.0 F)
1959
-36.1 C (-33.0 F)
1960
-31.7 C (-25.1 F)
1961
-31.7 C (-25.1 F)
1962
-37.2 C (-35.0 F)
1963
-33.3 C (-27.9 F)
1964
-32.8 C (-27.0 F)
Wettest day (Rx1day)
The wettest day of the year at Pukwana 3 W, 1919 to 1964. The record is 83.8 mm (3.3 in) in 1956, marked on the chart; the median year is 42.3 mm (1.7 in).
Wettest day (Rx1day) at Pukwana 3 W by year
Year
Wettest day (Rx1day)
1919
34.8 mm (1.4 in)
1920
43.2 mm (1.7 in)
1923
24.1 mm (0.9 in)
1924
38.1 mm (1.5 in)
1925
22.9 mm (0.9 in)
1926
26.7 mm (1.1 in)
1927
27.2 mm (1.1 in)
1928
62.2 mm (2.4 in)
1929
52.6 mm (2.1 in)
1930
37.3 mm (1.5 in)
1931
68.6 mm (2.7 in)
1932
43.2 mm (1.7 in)
1933
54.6 mm (2.1 in)
1934
17.8 mm (0.7 in)
1935
24.4 mm (1.0 in)
1936
25.4 mm (1.0 in)
1937
43.4 mm (1.7 in)
1938
41.9 mm (1.6 in)
1939
74.2 mm (2.9 in)
1940
40.6 mm (1.6 in)
1941
56.9 mm (2.2 in)
1942
43.9 mm (1.7 in)
1943
50.8 mm (2.0 in)
1944
64.8 mm (2.6 in)
1945
33.0 mm (1.3 in)
1946
42.7 mm (1.7 in)
1947
49.3 mm (1.9 in)
1948
48.3 mm (1.9 in)
1949
25.4 mm (1.0 in)
1950
31.8 mm (1.3 in)
1951
30.7 mm (1.2 in)
1952
30.7 mm (1.2 in)
1953
27.4 mm (1.1 in)
1954
73.2 mm (2.9 in)
1955
32.0 mm (1.3 in)
1956
83.8 mm (3.3 in)
1957
26.9 mm (1.1 in)
1958
36.6 mm (1.4 in)
1959
52.1 mm (2.1 in)
1960
51.1 mm (2.0 in)
1961
34.3 mm (1.4 in)
1962
50.5 mm (2.0 in)
1963
47.2 mm (1.9 in)
1964
46.2 mm (1.8 in)
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
The wettest five days of the year at Pukwana 3 W, 1919 to 1964. The record is 141.7 mm (5.6 in) in 1956, marked on the chart; the median year is 55.1 mm (2.2 in).
Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Pukwana 3 W by year
Year
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
1919
50.0 mm (2.0 in)
1920
45.7 mm (1.8 in)
1923
26.6 mm (1.0 in)
1924
52.3 mm (2.1 in)
1925
39.9 mm (1.6 in)
1926
39.6 mm (1.6 in)
1927
49.8 mm (2.0 in)
1928
62.2 mm (2.4 in)
1929
63.8 mm (2.5 in)
1930
45.7 mm (1.8 in)
1931
92.7 mm (3.6 in)
1932
77.2 mm (3.0 in)
1933
69.6 mm (2.7 in)
1934
31.0 mm (1.2 in)
1935
42.9 mm (1.7 in)
1936
41.0 mm (1.6 in)
1937
38.6 mm (1.5 in)
1938
61.5 mm (2.4 in)
1939
112.1 mm (4.4 in)
1940
48.5 mm (1.9 in)
1941
59.2 mm (2.3 in)
1942
77.4 mm (3.0 in)
1943
55.7 mm (2.2 in)
1944
70.6 mm (2.8 in)
1945
58.4 mm (2.3 in)
1946
76.7 mm (3.0 in)
1947
82.6 mm (3.3 in)
1948
81.3 mm (3.2 in)
1949
45.7 mm (1.8 in)
1950
31.8 mm (1.3 in)
1951
54.4 mm (2.1 in)
1952
39.2 mm (1.5 in)
1953
39.6 mm (1.6 in)
1954
87.1 mm (3.4 in)
1955
37.8 mm (1.5 in)
1956
141.7 mm (5.6 in)
1957
44.5 mm (1.8 in)
1958
59.7 mm (2.4 in)
1959
52.4 mm (2.1 in)
1960
51.1 mm (2.0 in)
1961
72.8 mm (2.9 in)
1962
106.4 mm (4.2 in)
1963
82.1 mm (3.2 in)
1964
57.1 mm (2.2 in)
Longest dry spell (CDD)
The longest dry spell of the year at Pukwana 3 W, 1919 to 1964. The record is 77 days in 1952, marked on the chart; the median year is 36 days.
Longest dry spell (CDD) at Pukwana 3 W by year
Year
Longest dry spell (CDD)
1919
11 days
1920
31 days
1923
46 days
1924
46 days
1925
49 days
1926
47 days
1927
28 days
1928
36 days
1929
31 days
1930
38 days
1931
32 days
1932
36 days
1933
55 days
1934
49 days
1935
44 days
1936
35 days
1937
33 days
1938
59 days
1939
55 days
1940
23 days
1941
36 days
1942
37 days
1943
61 days
1944
36 days
1945
31 days
1946
48 days
1947
25 days
1948
43 days
1949
52 days
1950
31 days
1951
26 days
1952
77 days
1953
30 days
1954
35 days
1955
32 days
1956
29 days
1957
51 days
1958
25 days
1959
20 days
1960
29 days
1961
43 days
1962
46 days
1963
33 days
1964
24 days
Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.
Frost Dates and Growing Season
32 years with a frost
Across 32 years with a frost, the median last spring frost at Pukwana 3 W falls on 13 May and the median first autumn frost on 21 September, which leaves a median of 134 days between them.
Fitted over all years, the growing season changes by -1.5 days per decade at this station.
Frost dates and growing season at Pukwana 3 W
Measure
Median, all years
Earliest period
Recent period (1926 to 1963)
Recent against earliest
Fitted trend
Last spring frost
13 May
n/a
12 May
n/a
+0.1 days per decade
First autumn frost
21 September
n/a
20 September
n/a
-1.4 days per decade
Growing days
134 days
n/a
134 days
n/a
-1.5 days per decade
A frost day is a day with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F). The last spring frost and the first autumn frost are the last and first such days of the cold season, and growing days are the days between them. A negative trend for the last spring frost means it comes earlier.
Rainfall Return Levels
36 years, 1925 to 1963
A day with at least 42.5 mm (1.7 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 90.6 mm (3.6 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.
Rainfall return levels at Pukwana 3 W: the daily rain expected about once in a given number of years
Expected about once in
A day with at least
Note
2 years
42.5 mm (1.7 in)
5 years
57.4 mm (2.3 in)
10 years
66.4 mm (2.6 in)
25 years
76.8 mm (3.0 in)
50 years
84.0 mm (3.3 in)
Longer than the 36 years of record
100 years
90.6 mm (3.6 in)
Longer than the 36 years of record
The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 36 years of values from 1925 to 1963.
A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.
The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 83.8 mm (3.3 in) in 1956; 74.2 mm (2.9 in) in 1939; 73.2 mm (2.9 in) in 1954.
Download the Data
Data for Pukwana 3 W standing records by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Data for Pukwana 3 W threshold days by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-15 (15 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.