July 2024: Weather Records and Temperatures Against Normal
July 2024 is settled: the figures use data received up to 9 November 2026, more than 45 days after the month ended, so the late station reports are in. This page compares July 2024 at weather stations worldwide with each station's own 1991 to 2020 July normal, ranks it against July of every year since 1951, and lists the weather records, events and storms of the month.
Data as of . Last revised (2026-11-09).
Key Facts
- July 2024 is settled; its data run to 9 November 2026.
- In July 2024, stations worldwide averaged +0.7 C (+1.2 F) against their 1991 to 2020 July normals, the 2nd warmest July in 74 ranked years from 1951 to 2024.
- The mean daily maximum in July 2024 was +0.7 C (+1.2 F) against normal and the mean daily minimum +0.7 C (+1.3 F).
- Among the continents in July 2024, Asia was the warmest against normal, at +1.0 C (+1.8 F), and Oceania the coolest, at +0.1 C (+0.2 F).
- The station furthest above its July normal in July 2024 was Chester (United States), at +5.5 C (+9.8 F); the furthest below was Lake Sharpe Prj (United States), at -3.1 C (-5.5 F).
- Of the 8,091 stations with a full month of rain data in July 2024, 15% had less than half their normal July rain and 7% had at least twice their normal; the median station had 102% of its normal.
- 27,210 weather records were set or tied in July 2024, including 19,398 record highs and 2,726 record lows of maximum and minimum temperature, and 384 all-time records.
- In July 2024, 88% of the daily temperature records were record highs (7.5 to 1 highs to lows), against an average of 76% for July in 2014 to 2023.
- 21 extreme weather events detected by this site overlapped July 2024.
- 7 named storms had a best track position in July 2024; 3 peaked at 64 kt (119 km/h, 74 mph) or more and 1 at 96 kt (178 km/h, 110 mph) or more over their lifetime.
- The Oceanic Nino Index for JJA 2024, the three months centred on July 2024, was +0.06: neutral, outside any El Nino or La Nina episode. NOAA's relative index (RONI) for the same season was -0.49.
- Monthly mean extent in July 2024: Arctic sea ice 7.87 million sq km (3.04 million sq mi), the 6th lowest of 46 years for July; Antarctic sea ice 14.20 million sq km (5.48 million sq mi), the 2nd lowest of 46 years for July.
- Carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa averaged 425.55 ppm in July 2024, 3.72 ppm more than in July 2023.
Temperature Against Normal
July 2024, against 1991 to 2020| Band | Stations on the map |
|---|---|
| More than 3 C (5.4 F) below normal | 1 |
| 1 to 3 C (1.8 to 5.4 F) below normal | 101 |
| Within 1 C (1.8 F) of normal | 1,385 |
| 1 to 3 C (1.8 to 5.4 F) above normal | 715 |
| More than 3 C (5.4 F) above normal | 70 |
| Area | Stations | Daily maximum vs normal | Daily minimum vs normal | Mean vs normal | Rank for July (1 is warmest) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 6,466 | +0.7 C (+1.2 F) | +0.7 C (+1.3 F) | +0.7 C (+1.2 F) | 2nd of 74 |
| Africa | 62 | +0.8 C (+1.4 F) | +0.2 C (+0.4 F) | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) | 4th of 61 |
| Asia | 334 | +1.1 C (+1.9 F) | +1.0 C (+1.7 F) | +1.0 C (+1.8 F) | 1st of 73 |
| Europe | 1,203 | +1.0 C (+1.7 F) | +0.9 C (+1.6 F) | +0.9 C (+1.7 F) | 2nd of 74 |
| North America | 4,467 | +0.3 C (+0.6 F) | +0.7 C (+1.2 F) | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) | 9th of 74 |
| Oceania | 400 | -0.2 C (-0.3 F) | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) | +0.1 C (+0.2 F) | 17th of 74 |
| South America | 0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Stations are averaged in 5 degree grid cells and the cells are weighted by the cosine of their latitude. A value and a rank need cells holding at least 50% of the weight of every cell that has ever had data for July; n/a means fewer stations have reported so far. The world includes Antarctica and islands without a continent row.
| Year | Mean against the 1991 to 2020 normal |
|---|---|
| 1951 | -0.7 C (-1.3 F) |
| 1952 | -0.4 C (-0.7 F) |
| 1953 | -0.3 C (-0.5 F) |
| 1954 | -0.6 C (-1.0 F) |
| 1955 | -0.8 C (-1.4 F) |
| 1956 | -1.0 C (-1.8 F) |
| 1957 | -0.9 C (-1.5 F) |
| 1958 | -0.8 C (-1.4 F) |
| 1959 | -0.6 C (-1.0 F) |
| 1960 | -0.7 C (-1.3 F) |
| 1961 | -0.8 C (-1.4 F) |
| 1962 | -0.6 C (-1.2 F) |
| 1963 | -0.7 C (-1.3 F) |
| 1964 | -0.7 C (-1.2 F) |
| 1965 | -1.1 C (-2.0 F) |
| 1966 | -0.7 C (-1.3 F) |
| 1967 | -0.7 C (-1.3 F) |
| 1968 | -1.0 C (-1.9 F) |
| 1969 | -0.6 C (-1.0 F) |
| 1970 | -0.7 C (-1.2 F) |
| 1971 | -0.9 C (-1.6 F) |
| 1972 | -0.8 C (-1.4 F) |
| 1973 | -0.5 C (-1.0 F) |
| 1974 | -0.6 C (-1.1 F) |
| 1975 | -0.5 C (-1.0 F) |
| 1976 | -1.1 C (-1.9 F) |
| 1977 | -0.7 C (-1.3 F) |
| 1978 | -0.9 C (-1.6 F) |
| 1979 | -0.8 C (-1.4 F) |
| 1980 | -0.5 C (-1.0 F) |
| 1981 | -0.5 C (-0.9 F) |
| 1982 | -0.8 C (-1.4 F) |
| 1983 | -0.4 C (-0.8 F) |
| 1984 | -0.8 C (-1.4 F) |
| 1985 | -0.9 C (-1.6 F) |
| 1986 | -0.7 C (-1.2 F) |
| 1987 | -0.5 C (-0.9 F) |
| 1988 | 0.0 C (0.0 F) |
| 1989 | -0.4 C (-0.8 F) |
| 1990 | -0.3 C (-0.6 F) |
| 1991 | -0.2 C (-0.4 F) |
| 1992 | -0.9 C (-1.6 F) |
| 1993 | -0.4 C (-0.8 F) |
| 1994 | -0.4 C (-0.6 F) |
| 1995 | -0.3 C (-0.5 F) |
| 1996 | -0.3 C (-0.6 F) |
| 1997 | -0.5 C (-0.8 F) |
| 1998 | +0.2 C (+0.4 F) |
| 1999 | 0.0 C (0.0 F) |
| 2000 | -0.2 C (-0.3 F) |
| 2001 | 0.0 C (0.0 F) |
| 2002 | +0.2 C (+0.3 F) |
| 2003 | +0.0 C (+0.1 F) |
| 2004 | -0.3 C (-0.5 F) |
| 2005 | +0.3 C (+0.5 F) |
| 2006 | +0.1 C (+0.1 F) |
| 2007 | +0.0 C (+0.0 F) |
| 2008 | -0.1 C (-0.1 F) |
| 2009 | -0.1 C (-0.2 F) |
| 2010 | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) |
| 2011 | +0.2 C (+0.3 F) |
| 2012 | +0.3 C (+0.5 F) |
| 2013 | +0.2 C (+0.3 F) |
| 2014 | -0.1 C (-0.2 F) |
| 2015 | +0.1 C (+0.2 F) |
| 2016 | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) |
| 2017 | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) |
| 2018 | +0.6 C (+1.0 F) |
| 2019 | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) |
| 2020 | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) |
| 2021 | +0.7 C (+1.2 F) |
| 2022 | +0.4 C (+0.8 F) |
| 2023 | +0.8 C (+1.4 F) |
| 2024 | +0.7 C (+1.2 F) |
Furthest Above Normal
| Station | Country | Mean maximum | Maximum vs normal | Mean minimum | Minimum vs normal | Mean vs normal | Years of normal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chester | United States | 35.7 C (96.2 F) | +5.8 C (+10.5 F) | 14.0 C (57.1 F) | +5.1 C (+9.2 F) | +5.5 C (+9.8 F) | 28 |
| Cohasset California | United States | 39.0 C (102.1 F) | +5.2 C (+9.4 F) | 26.2 C (79.2 F) | +5.3 C (+9.6 F) | +5.3 C (+9.5 F) | 30 |
| Mount Stella Oregon | United States | 33.1 C (91.6 F) | +5.7 C (+10.2 F) | 16.4 C (61.5 F) | +4.7 C (+8.5 F) | +5.2 C (+9.4 F) | 28 |
| Wabuska 6 SE | United States | 37.8 C (100.0 F) | +2.7 C (+4.9 F) | 19.0 C (66.2 F) | +7.7 C (+13.8 F) | +5.2 C (+9.3 F) | 29 |
| Bredette | United States | 30.7 C (87.3 F) | +2.8 C (+5.0 F) | 19.7 C (67.5 F) | +7.1 C (+12.8 F) | +4.9 C (+8.9 F) | 30 |
| Salmon Meadows | United States | 26.5 C (79.6 F) | +5.5 C (+9.9 F) | 11.5 C (52.8 F) | +4.3 C (+7.7 F) | +4.9 C (+8.8 F) | 30 |
| Squaw Peak Oregon | United States | 29.8 C (85.7 F) | +5.8 C (+10.5 F) | 16.7 C (62.1 F) | +3.7 C (+6.7 F) | +4.8 C (+8.6 F) | 30 |
| Green Lake | United States | 26.3 C (79.4 F) | +6.5 C (+11.6 F) | 10.0 C (49.9 F) | +2.8 C (+5.1 F) | +4.6 C (+8.4 F) | 30 |
| Warm Springs California | United States | 36.4 C (97.6 F) | +5.1 C (+9.1 F) | 22.7 C (72.8 F) | +4.2 C (+7.6 F) | +4.6 C (+8.4 F) | 29 |
| Kirovohrad | Ukraine | 33.0 C (91.3 F) | +5.2 C (+9.3 F) | 19.1 C (66.4 F) | +3.9 C (+6.9 F) | +4.5 C (+8.1 F) | 26 |
Furthest Below Normal
| Station | Country | Mean maximum | Maximum vs normal | Mean minimum | Minimum vs normal | Mean vs normal | Years of normal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lake Sharpe Prj | United States | 28.8 C (83.8 F) | -2.0 C (-3.5 F) | 12.6 C (54.6 F) | -4.2 C (-7.5 F) | -3.1 C (-5.5 F) | 30 |
| Manistique Wwtp | United States | 18.8 C (65.9 F) | -3.9 C (-7.1 F) | 12.0 C (53.5 F) | -1.6 C (-2.9 F) | -2.8 C (-5.0 F) | 30 |
| Zyrjanka | Russia | 18.9 C (66.0 F) | -3.0 C (-5.5 F) | 8.9 C (48.0 F) | -2.5 C (-4.5 F) | -2.8 C (-5.0 F) | 30 |
| Springbok | South Africa | 15.8 C (60.4 F) | -2.8 C (-5.1 F) | 5.5 C (42.0 F) | -2.7 C (-4.8 F) | -2.7 C (-4.9 F) | 30 |
| East London | South Africa | 12.8 C (55.0 F) | -3.2 C (-5.8 F) | 6.1 C (43.0 F) | -2.0 C (-3.6 F) | -2.6 C (-4.7 F) | 29 |
| Burwell 2WSW | United States | 27.9 C (82.3 F) | -2.6 C (-4.7 F) | 14.4 C (57.9 F) | -2.4 C (-4.4 F) | -2.5 C (-4.6 F) | 30 |
| Calvinia | South Africa | 15.5 C (59.9 F) | -3.0 C (-5.4 F) | 1.3 C (34.4 F) | -2.0 C (-3.7 F) | -2.5 C (-4.5 F) | 29 |
| Canton L&D 20 | United States | 27.2 C (81.0 F) | -2.6 C (-4.8 F) | 16.6 C (61.9 F) | -2.4 C (-4.3 F) | -2.5 C (-4.5 F) | 29 |
| Portland Sewage Plt | United States | 31.1 C (87.9 F) | -0.1 C (-0.2 F) | 15.9 C (60.6 F) | -4.6 C (-8.3 F) | -2.4 C (-4.3 F) | 29 |
| Mys Uelen | Russia | 7.6 C (45.6 F) | -2.8 C (-5.1 F) | 2.9 C (37.2 F) | -1.8 C (-3.3 F) | -2.3 C (-4.2 F) | 28 |
The lists use stations with at least 25 years behind their normal. One station does not stand for the area around it.
Countries
| Country | Stations | Mean vs normal |
|---|---|---|
| Romania | 21 | +3.0 C (+5.3 F) |
| Ukraine | 25 | +3.0 C (+5.3 F) |
| Turkey | 8 | +2.2 C (+4.0 F) |
| Austria | 6 | +2.1 C (+3.8 F) |
| Iran | 6 | +1.5 C (+2.8 F) |
| Switzerland | 8 | +1.5 C (+2.7 F) |
| Morocco | 5 | +1.4 C (+2.5 F) |
| Italy | 9 | +1.3 C (+2.4 F) |
| China | 172 | +1.3 C (+2.3 F) |
| Norway | 71 | +1.3 C (+2.3 F) |
| Estonia | 22 | +1.2 C (+2.2 F) |
| Puerto Rico [United States] | 13 | +1.2 C (+2.1 F) |
| Finland | 121 | +1.1 C (+1.9 F) |
| Spain | 85 | +1.0 C (+1.8 F) |
| Indonesia | 18 | +0.8 C (+1.5 F) |
| France | 50 | +0.7 C (+1.2 F) |
| Russia | 156 | +0.6 C (+1.1 F) |
| Turkmenistan | 17 | +0.6 C (+1.0 F) |
| Uzbekistan | 17 | +0.6 C (+1.0 F) |
| Kyrgyzstan | 6 | +0.5 C (+1.0 F) |
| Kazakhstan | 32 | +0.5 C (+1.0 F) |
| Philippines | 6 | +0.5 C (+1.0 F) |
| Benin | 5 | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) |
| United States | 4,435 | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) |
| Sweden | 182 | +0.4 C (+0.8 F) |
| India | 15 | +0.4 C (+0.8 F) |
| Germany | 320 | +0.4 C (+0.8 F) |
| Thailand | 29 | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) |
| Mexico | 6 | +0.3 C (+0.6 F) |
| Australia | 392 | +0.1 C (+0.1 F) |
| Netherlands | 31 | +0.0 C (+0.0 F) |
| United Kingdom | 57 | -0.3 C (-0.5 F) |
| Niger | 8 | -0.5 C (-0.9 F) |
| South Africa | 25 | -0.6 C (-1.1 F) |
| Greenland [Denmark] | 5 | -0.7 C (-1.2 F) |
Rain Against Normal
8,091 stations, July 2024| Band | Stations on the map |
|---|---|
| Under 50% of normal | 344 |
| 50 to 90% of normal | 536 |
| 90 to 110% of normal | 278 |
| 110 to 200% of normal | 665 |
| 200% or more of normal | 155 |
| Under 50% | |
|---|---|
| 50 to 90% | |
| 90 to 110% | |
| 110 to 200% | |
| 200% or more |
Of the 8,091 stations with a full month of rain data in July 2024, 15% had less than half their normal July rain and 7% had at least twice their normal; the median station had 102% of its normal. A station month needs 28 days of rain data, because a total from fewer days is too low, and a normal of at least 10 mm.
Wettest Against Normal
| Station | Country | Rain | Normal | Percent of normal | Years of normal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingram 2NW | United States | 295.4 mm (11.6 in) | 48.9 mm (1.9 in) | 604% | 29 |
| Freeport 2 NW | United States | 624.8 mm (24.6 in) | 107.7 mm (4.2 in) | 580% | 29 |
| Palacios Muni AP | United States | 530.1 mm (20.9 in) | 93.2 mm (3.7 in) | 569% | 30 |
| Galveston Scholes Fld | United States | 474.6 mm (18.7 in) | 84.3 mm (3.3 in) | 563% | 26 |
| Zwolle 2 NW | United States | 443.2 mm (17.4 in) | 93.5 mm (3.7 in) | 474% | 30 |
| Houston Nwso | United States | 513.2 mm (20.2 in) | 110.7 mm (4.4 in) | 464% | 30 |
| Conroe | United States | 374.6 mm (14.7 in) | 81.3 mm (3.2 in) | 461% | 29 |
| Wills Pt | United States | 262.7 mm (10.3 in) | 57.2 mm (2.3 in) | 459% | 30 |
| Woomera (South Gap Station) | Australia | 55.6 mm (2.2 in) | 12.1 mm (0.5 in) | 459% | 29 |
| Lobdell Lake | United States | 78.7 mm (3.1 in) | 17.3 mm (0.7 in) | 454% | 30 |
Driest Against Normal
| Station | Country | Rain | Normal | Percent of normal | Years of normal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North Shields (Port Lincoln Ae | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 59.6 mm (2.3 in) | 0% | 27 |
| Lasal Mountain | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 53.6 mm (2.1 in) | 0% | 30 |
| Hamilton Island Airport | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 48.6 mm (1.9 in) | 0% | 25 |
| Frohner Meadow | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 42.5 mm (1.7 in) | 0% | 30 |
| Harris Flat | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 38.6 mm (1.5 in) | 0% | 30 |
| Port Alsworth | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 35.5 mm (1.4 in) | 0% | 26 |
| Glen Alice | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 32.5 mm (1.3 in) | 0% | 27 |
| Dry Fork | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 31.9 mm (1.3 in) | 0% | 26 |
| Wakool (Barratta) | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 31.8 mm (1.3 in) | 0% | 28 |
| Moses Mtn | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 29.7 mm (1.2 in) | 0% | 29 |
Weather Records
27,210 set or tied in July 202427,210 weather records were set or tied in July 2024, including 19,398 record highs and 2,726 record lows of maximum and minimum temperature, and 384 all-time records.
| Record high minimum temperature | |
|---|---|
| Record high maximum temperature | |
| Record daily precipitation | |
| Record low maximum temperature | |
| Record low minimum temperature |
| Daily | |
|---|---|
| Monthly | |
| All-time |
July Against the Ten Years Before
| Year | Record highs, percent of highs and lows |
|---|---|
| 2014 | 50.3% |
| 2015 | 67.1% |
| 2016 | 77.6% |
| 2017 | 77.6% |
| 2018 | 87.1% |
| 2019 | 71.9% |
| 2020 | 73.6% |
| 2021 | 84.2% |
| 2022 | 85.9% |
| 2023 | 88.0% |
| 2024 | 88.3% |
In July 2024, 88% of the daily temperature records were record highs (7.5 to 1 highs to lows), against an average of 76% for July in 2014 to 2023.
The Top 10 Records of July 2024
| Date | Station | Country | Record | Value | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-07-30 | Saint Johnsbury | United States | All-time precipitation | 205.2 mm (8.1 in) | 100 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2024-07-10 | Winamac 2SSE | United States | All-time precipitation | 160.0 mm (6.3 in) | 86 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2024-07-07 | Woomera (South Gap Station) | Australia | Monthly precipitation | 48.0 mm (1.9 in) | 83 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2024-07-05 | Skjak | Norway | Daily precipitation | 42.1 mm (1.7 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2024-07-05 | Norddal | Norway | Daily precipitation | 43.6 mm (1.7 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2024-07-08 | Danevang 1 W | United States | Daily precipitation | 143.5 mm (5.6 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2024-07-09 | Crockett | United States | Daily precipitation | 101.1 mm (4.0 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2024-07-09 | Huntsville | United States | Daily precipitation | 137.7 mm (5.4 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2024-07-22 | Ganca | Azerbaijan | Daily precipitation | 99.1 mm (3.9 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2024-07-09 | Amasia | Armenia | Monthly precipitation | 99.6 mm (3.9 in) | 79 of 100 (Major) |
Countries With the Most Records
| Country | Records | Highs | Lows |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 16,473 | 12,434 | 1,714 |
| Australia | 1,848 | 503 | 433 |
| Japan | 961 | 891 | 2 |
| Russia | 909 | 636 | 70 |
| China | 655 | 525 | 16 |
| Germany | 424 | 144 | 28 |
| Ukraine | 340 | 336 | 0 |
| Sweden | 337 | 53 | 20 |
| Spain | 313 | 283 | 5 |
| Romania | 308 | 291 | 4 |
| Indonesia | 295 | 278 | 17 |
| India | 271 | 202 | 23 |
| Norway | 270 | 121 | 17 |
| Netherlands | 263 | 4 | 15 |
| Turkey | 196 | 162 | 4 |
Events and Storms
7 named storms had a best track position in July 2024; 3 peaked at 64 kt (119 km/h, 74 mph) or more and 1 at 96 kt (178 km/h, 110 mph) or more over their lifetime.
| Storm | Basin | Lifetime peak wind | Category at peak |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carlotta | Eastern North Pacific | 80 kt (148 km/h, 92 mph) | Category 1 |
| Bud | Eastern North Pacific | 50 kt (93 km/h, 58 mph) | Tropical storm |
| Gaemi | Western North Pacific | 90 kt (167 km/h, 104 mph) | Category 2 |
| Prapiroon | Western North Pacific | 55 kt (102 km/h, 63 mph) | Tropical storm |
| Aletta | Eastern North Pacific | 35 kt (65 km/h, 40 mph) | Tropical storm |
| Chris | North Atlantic | 40 kt (74 km/h, 46 mph) | Tropical storm |
| Beryl | North Atlantic | 145 kt (269 km/h, 167 mph) | Category 5 |
July 2024 in Context
These values come from other sources and the site's own analysis pages. They are context for July 2024; this page does not say that any of them caused the temperatures or records above.
How These Numbers Are Made
Each station's mean daily maximum and minimum temperature for July 2024 is compared with its own mean for July in 1991 to 2020, from months with at least 20 days of both. A station needs 20 such years for a normal. The mean is the average of the two differences. A station month more than 15 C (27 F) from its normal in either element is treated as a data error and left out.
For the world and each continent, stations are averaged within 5 degree grid cells and the cells are averaged weighted by the cosine of their latitude, so dense networks do not outweigh sparse ones. A continent uses the stations of its own countries. A year gets a value and a rank only when its cells hold at least 50% of the weight of all the cells that have ever had data for July, the rule of the climate pages. This is a station based view: places without stations are not covered, and it is not a gridded temperature analysis.
Records are the site's public ledger: one record per observation, set or tied, at its broadest timescale. The ten year comparison uses daily temperature records only, ties excluded. The numbers and sentences on this page are generated by code from the station data; none of them is typed in by hand.
Download the Data
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Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Source: International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) v04r01, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, doi:10.25921/82ty-9e16. Some agency values come from third parties such as JMA, IMD and BoM. (NOAA NCEI terms (citation requested)) Source: NOAA Climate Prediction Center, Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) and Relative Oceanic Nino Index (RONI). Episodes and strength classes are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not NOAA products. (US Government work, public domain (NWS disclaimer)) Source: Fetterer, F., Knowles, K., Meier, W. N., Savoie, M., Windnagel, A. K. and Stafford, T. (2025). Sea Ice Index, Version 4 (G02135). Boulder, Colorado USA. National Snow and Ice Data Center. doi:10.7265/a98x-0f50. Yearly extremes, ranks, trends and the climatology are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor from the daily extent files and are not NSIDC products. (NSIDC data use and citation policy (public domain government funded data, citation required)) Source: NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratories (gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends). Mauna Loa CO2 data are from NOAA and Scripps (before 1974 the monthly values come from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography). The global means of CO2, methane and nitrous oxide are from the NOAA GML cooperative air sampling network (methane and nitrous oxide: Lan, Thoning and Dlugokencky, doi:10.15138/P8XG-AA10). (US Government open data (NOAA GML, citation requested)) Data as of 2026-11-09. Temperatures against normal, ranks and records are computed by this site from station data and are not official.