Pallasovka Weather Records (RSM00034373)
Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Pallasovka (RSM00034373), Russia, with 67 years of record.
Key Facts for Pallasovka
- Pallasovka (RSM00034373) is a weather station in Russia at 50.05 latitude and 46.88 longitude, 37 m (121 ft) above sea level.
- The station reports from 1959 to 2025, 67 years of record.
- 1,464 records set at Pallasovka still stand.
- Records are tracked for prcp: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
- Pallasovka set a daily record precipitation of 5.1 mm (0.20 in) on 23 February 2025.
About the Station
- Location: Russia, 50.05 latitude, 46.88 longitude.
- Elevation: 37 m (121 ft).
- Period of record: 1959 to 2025, 67 years.
- Eligible elements: prcp.
Daily Record Envelope and 2026
17 days at or beyond a record| Month | Highest record high | Lowest record low | 2026 highest maximum | 2026 lowest minimum |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | 7.8 C (46.0 F) | -32.0 C (-25.6 F) | 5.3 C (41.5 F) | -12.4 C (9.7 F) |
| Feb | 12.5 C (54.5 F) | -32.0 C (-25.6 F) | 4.0 C (39.2 F) | -19.4 C (-2.9 F) |
| Mar | 21.5 C (70.7 F) | -26.0 C (-14.8 F) | 21.5 C (70.7 F) | -16.4 C (2.5 F) |
| Apr | 30.5 C (86.9 F) | -12.7 C (9.1 F) | n/a | n/a |
| May | 34.0 C (93.2 F) | -3.0 C (26.6 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Jun | 42.0 C (107.6 F) | 4.0 C (39.2 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Jul | 39.2 C (102.6 F) | 7.0 C (44.6 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Aug | 39.0 C (102.2 F) | 0.8 C (33.4 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Sep | 33.9 C (93.0 F) | -4.0 C (24.8 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Oct | 29.2 C (84.6 F) | -12.0 C (10.4 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Nov | 20.9 C (69.6 F) | -19.8 C (-3.6 F) | n/a | n/a |
| Dec | 15.0 C (59.0 F) | -31.1 C (-24.0 F) | n/a | n/a |
Which Years Hold Standing Records
1,464 standing records| Year set | Standing records |
|---|---|
| 1969 | 39 |
| 1970 | 15 |
| 1971 | 7 |
| 1973 | 62 |
| 1974 | 45 |
| 1975 | 66 |
| 1976 | 62 |
| 1977 | 61 |
| 1978 | 52 |
| 1979 | 52 |
| 1980 | 45 |
| 1981 | 55 |
| 1982 | 21 |
| 1984 | 9 |
| 1985 | 33 |
| 1986 | 24 |
| 1987 | 50 |
| 1988 | 43 |
| 1989 | 42 |
| 1990 | 50 |
| 1991 | 65 |
| 1992 | 48 |
| 1993 | 74 |
| 1994 | 57 |
| 1995 | 37 |
| 2012 | 45 |
| 2013 | 22 |
| 2014 | 46 |
| 2015 | 24 |
| 2016 | 32 |
| 2017 | 12 |
| 2018 | 22 |
| 2019 | 13 |
| 2020 | 37 |
| 2021 | 18 |
| 2022 | 5 |
| 2023 | 38 |
| 2024 | 8 |
| 2025 | 28 |
Wettest Day of Each Month
Jul: 64.5 mm (2.5 in)| Month | Record daily precipitation (mm) | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 18.6 mm (0.7 in) | 10 January 1963 |
| Feb | 20.3 mm (0.8 in) | 17 February 1985 |
| Mar | 19.8 mm (0.8 in) | 12 March 2013 |
| Apr | 40.3 mm (1.6 in) | 24 April 1988 |
| May | 37.9 mm (1.5 in) | 12 May 1983 |
| Jun | 62.4 mm (2.5 in) | 23 June 1969 |
| Jul | 64.5 mm (2.5 in) | 17 July 1965 |
| Aug | 41.4 mm (1.6 in) | 22 August 1973 |
| Sep | 37.0 mm (1.5 in) | 26 September 1977 |
| Oct | 23.9 mm (0.9 in) | 24 October 2015 |
| Nov | 29.4 mm (1.2 in) | 14 November 1981 |
| Dec | 22.1 mm (0.9 in) | 14 December 2018 |
Period of Record Coverage
1961 to 2025| Year | Days with data | Share of year | Complete |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 | 2 | 1% | No |
| 1969 | 148 | 41% | No |
| 1970 | 123 | 34% | No |
| 1971 | 26 | 7% | No |
| 1973 | 211 | 58% | No |
| 1974 | 218 | 60% | No |
| 1975 | 193 | 53% | No |
| 1976 | 203 | 55% | No |
| 1977 | 186 | 51% | No |
| 1978 | 221 | 61% | No |
| 1979 | 199 | 55% | No |
| 1980 | 198 | 54% | No |
| 1981 | 199 | 55% | No |
| 1982 | 49 | 13% | No |
| 1983 | 1 | 0% | No |
| 1984 | 40 | 11% | No |
| 1985 | 136 | 37% | No |
| 1986 | 97 | 27% | No |
| 1987 | 108 | 30% | No |
| 1988 | 178 | 49% | No |
| 1989 | 180 | 49% | No |
| 1990 | 215 | 59% | No |
| 1991 | 273 | 75% | No |
| 1992 | 247 | 67% | No |
| 1993 | 266 | 73% | No |
| 1994 | 129 | 35% | No |
| 1995 | 70 | 19% | No |
| 2012 | 122 | 33% | No |
| 2013 | 69 | 19% | No |
| 2014 | 13 | 4% | No |
| 2015 | 102 | 28% | No |
| 2016 | 117 | 32% | No |
| 2017 | 117 | 32% | No |
| 2018 | 113 | 31% | No |
| 2019 | 101 | 28% | No |
| 2020 | 126 | 34% | No |
| 2021 | 103 | 28% | No |
| 2022 | 125 | 34% | No |
| 2023 | 121 | 33% | No |
| 2024 | 121 | 33% | No |
| 2025 | 81 | 22% | No |
Latest Records
20| Date | Station | Record | Value | Beat old record by | Old record stood | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 February 2025 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 5.1 mm (0.20 in) | 0.9 mm (0.04 in) | 40 years | 20 of 100 (Routine) |
| 27 March 2024 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain (Tie) | 8.9 mm (0.35 in) | tie | 54 years | 5 of 100 (Routine) |
| 17 January 2024 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 5.1 mm (0.20 in) | 1.6 mm (0.06 in) | 37 years | 20 of 100 (Routine) |
| 20 November 2022 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 14.0 mm (0.6 in) | 2.3 mm (0.09 in) | 53 years | 20 of 100 (Routine) |
| 10 March 2022 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 6.1 mm (0.24 in) | 1.3 mm (0.05 in) | 8 years | 12 of 100 (Routine) |
| 9 March 2022 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 6.1 mm (0.24 in) | 0.5 mm (0.02 in) | 44 years | 20 of 100 (Routine) |
| 5 March 2022 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 11.9 mm (0.5 in) | 4.0 mm (0.16 in) | 41 years | 20 of 100 (Routine) |
| 27 February 2022 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 8.9 mm (0.35 in) | 0.9 mm (0.04 in) | 28 years | 17 of 100 (Routine) |
| 15 January 2022 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 7.9 mm (0.31 in) | 0.3 mm (0.01 in) | 27 years | 15 of 100 (Routine) |
| 26 December 2021 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 11.9 mm (0.5 in) | 2.0 mm (0.08 in) | 3 years | 12 of 100 (Routine) |
| 5 December 2021 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 17.0 mm (0.7 in) | 7.3 mm (0.29 in) | 4 years | 20 of 100 (Routine) |
| 24 March 2021 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 10.9 mm (0.4 in) | 4.1 mm (0.16 in) | 60 years | 20 of 100 (Routine) |
| 22 January 2021 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 5.3 mm (0.21 in) | 0.2 mm (0.01 in) | 2 years | 6 of 100 (Routine) |
| 27 December 2020 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 14.0 mm (0.6 in) | 3.3 mm (0.13 in) | 25 years | 20 of 100 (Routine) |
| 4 February 2020 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 4.1 mm (0.16 in) | 0.5 mm (0.02 in) | 25 years | 14 of 100 (Routine) |
| 30 January 2020 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 5.1 mm (0.20 in) | 0.5 mm (0.02 in) | 56 years | 20 of 100 (Routine) |
| 25 January 2019 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 6.1 mm (0.24 in) | 0.2 mm (0.01 in) | 33 years | 16 of 100 (Routine) |
| 22 January 2019 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 5.1 mm (0.20 in) | 0.5 mm (0.02 in) | 44 years | 20 of 100 (Routine) |
| 26 December 2018 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain | 9.9 mm (0.39 in) | 2.9 mm (0.11 in) | 35 years | 20 of 100 (Routine) |
| 15 December 2018 | Pallasovka, RU | daily rain (Tie) | 7.9 mm (0.31 in) | tie | 3 years | 1 of 100 (Routine) |
Extremes by Year
1959 to 2025| Measure | Record | Year of the record | Median year | Years with a value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hottest day (TXx) | 42.0 C (107.6 F) | 1975 | 34.5 C (94.1 F) | 41 |
| Coldest night (TNn) | -32.0 C (-25.6 F) | 1979 | -25.0 C (-13.1 F) | 42 |
| Wettest day (Rx1day) | 64.5 mm (2.5 in) | 1965 | 19.1 mm (0.8 in) | 52 |
| Wettest five days (Rx5day) | 81.4 mm (3.2 in) | 1993 | 32.3 mm (1.3 in) | 52 |
| Longest dry spell (CDD) | 77 days | 1972 | 31 days | 52 |
Hottest day (TXx)
| Year | Hottest day (TXx) |
|---|---|
| 1959 | n/a |
| 1960 | n/a |
| 1961 | 16.1 C (61.0 F) |
| 1962 | n/a |
| 1963 | n/a |
| 1964 | n/a |
| 1965 | n/a |
| 1966 | n/a |
| 1967 | n/a |
| 1968 | n/a |
| 1969 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1970 | 36.1 C (97.0 F) |
| 1971 | 32.2 C (90.0 F) |
| 1972 | n/a |
| 1973 | 34.0 C (93.2 F) |
| 1974 | 36.0 C (96.8 F) |
| 1975 | 42.0 C (107.6 F) |
| 1976 | 36.0 C (96.8 F) |
| 1977 | 37.0 C (98.6 F) |
| 1978 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 1979 | 37.0 C (98.6 F) |
| 1980 | 35.0 C (95.0 F) |
| 1981 | 38.0 C (100.4 F) |
| 1982 | 37.5 C (99.5 F) |
| 1983 | -1.6 C (29.1 F) |
| 1984 | 22.5 C (72.5 F) |
| 1985 | 38.5 C (101.3 F) |
| 1986 | 36.0 C (96.8 F) |
| 1987 | 33.8 C (92.8 F) |
| 1988 | 37.5 C (99.5 F) |
| 1989 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 1990 | 37.2 C (99.0 F) |
| 1991 | 40.1 C (104.2 F) |
| 1992 | 35.6 C (96.1 F) |
| 1993 | 34.5 C (94.1 F) |
| 1994 | 35.9 C (96.6 F) |
| 1995 | 32.5 C (90.5 F) |
| 1996 | n/a |
| 2012 | 39.0 C (102.2 F) |
| 2013 | 16.0 C (60.8 F) |
| 2014 | 17.2 C (63.0 F) |
| 2015 | 14.9 C (58.8 F) |
| 2016 | 12.0 C (53.6 F) |
| 2017 | 12.3 C (54.1 F) |
| 2018 | 10.7 C (51.3 F) |
| 2019 | 20.9 C (69.6 F) |
| 2020 | 20.9 C (69.6 F) |
| 2021 | 14.5 C (58.1 F) |
| 2022 | 17.2 C (63.0 F) |
| 2023 | 21.4 C (70.5 F) |
| 2024 | 25.9 C (78.6 F) |
| 2025 | 21.5 C (70.7 F) |
Coldest night (TNn)
| Year | Coldest night (TNn) |
|---|---|
| 1959 | n/a |
| 1960 | n/a |
| 1961 | 0.0 C (32.0 F) |
| 1962 | -3.9 C (25.0 F) |
| 1963 | n/a |
| 1964 | n/a |
| 1965 | n/a |
| 1966 | n/a |
| 1967 | n/a |
| 1968 | n/a |
| 1969 | -26.1 C (-15.0 F) |
| 1970 | -31.1 C (-24.0 F) |
| 1971 | -16.1 C (3.0 F) |
| 1972 | n/a |
| 1973 | -31.0 C (-23.8 F) |
| 1974 | -27.0 C (-16.6 F) |
| 1975 | -28.0 C (-18.4 F) |
| 1976 | -26.0 C (-14.8 F) |
| 1977 | -30.0 C (-22.0 F) |
| 1978 | -27.0 C (-16.6 F) |
| 1979 | -32.0 C (-25.6 F) |
| 1980 | -26.0 C (-14.8 F) |
| 1981 | -21.0 C (-5.8 F) |
| 1982 | -25.0 C (-13.0 F) |
| 1983 | -8.8 C (16.2 F) |
| 1984 | -24.0 C (-11.2 F) |
| 1985 | -27.0 C (-16.6 F) |
| 1986 | -25.0 C (-13.0 F) |
| 1987 | -32.0 C (-25.6 F) |
| 1988 | -28.6 C (-19.5 F) |
| 1989 | -24.0 C (-11.2 F) |
| 1990 | -24.0 C (-11.2 F) |
| 1991 | -23.4 C (-10.1 F) |
| 1992 | -23.5 C (-10.3 F) |
| 1993 | -24.2 C (-11.6 F) |
| 1994 | -32.0 C (-25.6 F) |
| 1995 | -22.4 C (-8.3 F) |
| 1996 | n/a |
| 2012 | -23.8 C (-10.8 F) |
| 2013 | -22.5 C (-8.5 F) |
| 2014 | -29.5 C (-21.1 F) |
| 2015 | -27.7 C (-17.9 F) |
| 2016 | -27.1 C (-16.8 F) |
| 2017 | -25.7 C (-14.3 F) |
| 2018 | -23.2 C (-9.8 F) |
| 2019 | -23.9 C (-11.0 F) |
| 2020 | -22.3 C (-8.1 F) |
| 2021 | -26.1 C (-15.0 F) |
| 2022 | -21.0 C (-5.8 F) |
| 2023 | -25.1 C (-13.2 F) |
| 2024 | -25.1 C (-13.2 F) |
| 2025 | -19.4 C (-2.9 F) |
Wettest day (Rx1day)
| Year | Wettest day (Rx1day) |
|---|---|
| 1959 | 10.4 mm (0.4 in) |
| 1960 | 15.0 mm (0.6 in) |
| 1961 | 18.0 mm (0.7 in) |
| 1962 | 19.6 mm (0.8 in) |
| 1963 | 18.6 mm (0.7 in) |
| 1964 | 29.4 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1965 | 64.5 mm (2.5 in) |
| 1966 | 10.0 mm (0.4 in) |
| 1967 | 17.0 mm (0.7 in) |
| 1968 | 20.3 mm (0.8 in) |
| 1969 | 62.4 mm (2.5 in) |
| 1970 | 24.6 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1971 | 8.3 mm (0.33 in) |
| 1972 | 17.0 mm (0.7 in) |
| 1973 | 41.4 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1974 | 22.8 mm (0.9 in) |
| 1975 | 17.0 mm (0.7 in) |
| 1976 | 20.3 mm (0.8 in) |
| 1977 | 37.0 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1978 | 30.1 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1979 | 26.2 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1980 | 18.1 mm (0.7 in) |
| 1981 | 32.4 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1982 | 16.7 mm (0.7 in) |
| 1983 | 37.9 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1984 | 17.2 mm (0.7 in) |
| 1985 | 27.4 mm (1.1 in) |
| 1986 | 21.9 mm (0.9 in) |
| 1987 | 24.2 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1988 | 40.3 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1989 | 33.4 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1990 | 31.7 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1991 | 25.2 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1992 | 28.2 mm (1.1 in) |
| 1993 | 57.7 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1994 | 18.6 mm (0.7 in) |
| 1995 | 16.9 mm (0.7 in) |
| 1996 | 10.9 mm (0.4 in) |
| 2012 | 11.2 mm (0.4 in) |
| 2013 | 25.4 mm (1.0 in) |
| 2014 | 14.2 mm (0.6 in) |
| 2015 | 23.9 mm (0.9 in) |
| 2016 | 7.9 mm (0.31 in) |
| 2017 | 9.7 mm (0.38 in) |
| 2018 | 22.1 mm (0.9 in) |
| 2019 | 7.4 mm (0.29 in) |
| 2020 | 14.0 mm (0.6 in) |
| 2021 | 17.0 mm (0.7 in) |
| 2022 | 14.0 mm (0.6 in) |
| 2023 | 9.9 mm (0.39 in) |
| 2024 | 8.9 mm (0.35 in) |
| 2025 | 5.1 mm (0.20 in) |
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
| Year | Wettest five days (Rx5day) |
|---|---|
| 1959 | 18.9 mm (0.7 in) |
| 1960 | 25.1 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1961 | 31.4 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1962 | 25.8 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1963 | 40.9 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1964 | 35.8 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1965 | 71.5 mm (2.8 in) |
| 1966 | 14.9 mm (0.6 in) |
| 1967 | 33.1 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1968 | 24.7 mm (1.0 in) |
| 1969 | 67.5 mm (2.7 in) |
| 1970 | 35.8 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1971 | 22.3 mm (0.9 in) |
| 1972 | 30.8 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1973 | 46.4 mm (1.8 in) |
| 1974 | 43.6 mm (1.7 in) |
| 1975 | 17.0 mm (0.7 in) |
| 1976 | 30.6 mm (1.2 in) |
| 1977 | 58.9 mm (2.3 in) |
| 1978 | 41.2 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1979 | 33.2 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1980 | 32.4 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1981 | 43.6 mm (1.7 in) |
| 1982 | 27.9 mm (1.1 in) |
| 1983 | 63.2 mm (2.5 in) |
| 1984 | 32.1 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1985 | 42.8 mm (1.7 in) |
| 1986 | 38.0 mm (1.5 in) |
| 1987 | 40.9 mm (1.6 in) |
| 1988 | 53.4 mm (2.1 in) |
| 1989 | 45.4 mm (1.8 in) |
| 1990 | 49.7 mm (2.0 in) |
| 1991 | 62.8 mm (2.5 in) |
| 1992 | 35.4 mm (1.4 in) |
| 1993 | 81.4 mm (3.2 in) |
| 1994 | 33.9 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1995 | 32.3 mm (1.3 in) |
| 1996 | 15.5 mm (0.6 in) |
| 2012 | 24.7 mm (1.0 in) |
| 2013 | 27.6 mm (1.1 in) |
| 2014 | 20.1 mm (0.8 in) |
| 2015 | 44.0 mm (1.7 in) |
| 2016 | 15.2 mm (0.6 in) |
| 2017 | 14.9 mm (0.6 in) |
| 2018 | 32.3 mm (1.3 in) |
| 2019 | 20.3 mm (0.8 in) |
| 2020 | 14.5 mm (0.6 in) |
| 2021 | 20.0 mm (0.8 in) |
| 2022 | 25.5 mm (1.0 in) |
| 2023 | 23.2 mm (0.9 in) |
| 2024 | 21.3 mm (0.8 in) |
| 2025 | 13.8 mm (0.5 in) |
Longest dry spell (CDD)
| Year | Longest dry spell (CDD) |
|---|---|
| 1959 | 30 days |
| 1960 | 31 days |
| 1961 | 30 days |
| 1962 | 41 days |
| 1963 | 22 days |
| 1964 | 48 days |
| 1965 | 35 days |
| 1966 | 35 days |
| 1967 | 44 days |
| 1968 | 37 days |
| 1969 | 32 days |
| 1970 | 22 days |
| 1971 | 44 days |
| 1972 | 77 days |
| 1973 | 22 days |
| 1974 | 40 days |
| 1975 | 29 days |
| 1976 | 24 days |
| 1977 | 30 days |
| 1978 | 26 days |
| 1979 | 36 days |
| 1980 | 37 days |
| 1981 | 45 days |
| 1982 | 24 days |
| 1983 | 34 days |
| 1984 | 70 days |
| 1985 | 37 days |
| 1986 | 31 days |
| 1987 | 36 days |
| 1988 | 46 days |
| 1989 | 22 days |
| 1990 | 18 days |
| 1991 | 31 days |
| 1992 | 40 days |
| 1993 | 43 days |
| 1994 | 70 days |
| 1995 | 28 days |
| 1996 | 51 days |
| 2012 | 19 days |
| 2013 | 11 days |
| 2014 | 31 days |
| 2015 | 24 days |
| 2016 | 10 days |
| 2017 | 18 days |
| 2018 | 12 days |
| 2019 | 23 days |
| 2020 | 29 days |
| 2021 | 12 days |
| 2022 | 20 days |
| 2023 | 33 days |
| 2024 | 26 days |
| 2025 | 10 days |
Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.
Rainfall Return Levels
34 years, 1960 to 1995A day with at least 24.0 mm (0.9 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 82.6 mm (3.3 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.
| Expected about once in | A day with at least | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 2 years | 24.0 mm (0.9 in) | |
| 5 years | 35.0 mm (1.4 in) | |
| 10 years | 43.8 mm (1.7 in) | |
| 25 years | 57.2 mm (2.3 in) | |
| 50 years | 69.0 mm (2.7 in) | Longer than the 34 years of record |
| 100 years | 82.6 mm (3.3 in) | Longer than the 34 years of record |
The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 34 years of values from 1960 to 1995.
A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.
The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 64.5 mm (2.5 in) in 1965; 62.4 mm (2.5 in) in 1969; 57.7 mm (2.3 in) in 1993.
Download the Data
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-17 (17 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.
Data as of . Last revised (2025-12-31).