May 2025: Weather Records and Temperatures Against Normal
May 2025 is settled: the figures use data received up to 9 November 2026, more than 45 days after the month ended, so the late station reports are in. This page compares May 2025 at weather stations worldwide with each station's own 1991 to 2020 May normal, ranks it against May of every year since 1951, and lists the weather records, events and storms of the month.
Data as of . Last revised (2026-11-09).
Key Facts
- May 2025 is settled; its data run to 9 November 2026.
- In May 2025, stations worldwide averaged +0.5 C (+0.9 F) against their 1991 to 2020 May normals, the 3rd warmest May in 75 ranked years from 1951 to 2025.
- The mean daily maximum in May 2025 was +0.2 C (+0.4 F) against normal and the mean daily minimum +0.8 C (+1.4 F).
- Among the continents in May 2025, South America was the warmest against normal, at +1.2 C (+2.1 F), and Europe the coolest, at +0.2 C (+0.4 F).
- The station furthest above its May normal in May 2025 was Arkansas Post (United States), at +5.3 C (+9.5 F); the furthest below was Moran 5WNW (United States), at -4.6 C (-8.2 F).
- Of the 8,225 stations with a full month of rain data in May 2025, 23% had less than half their normal May rain and 10% had at least twice their normal; the median station had 82% of its normal.
- 22,978 weather records were set or tied in May 2025, including 13,205 record highs and 4,616 record lows of maximum and minimum temperature, and 31 all-time records.
- In May 2025, 74% of the daily temperature records were record highs (2.9 to 1 highs to lows), against an average of 65% for May in 2015 to 2024.
- 25 extreme weather events detected by this site overlapped May 2025.
- 1 named storm had a best track position in May 2025; 0 peaked at 64 kt (119 km/h, 74 mph) or more and 0 at 96 kt (178 km/h, 110 mph) or more over their lifetime.
- The Oceanic Nino Index for AMJ 2025, the three months centred on May 2025, was -0.04: neutral, outside any El Nino or La Nina episode. NOAA's relative index (RONI) for the same season was -0.48.
- Monthly mean extent in May 2025: Arctic sea ice 12.49 million sq km (4.82 million sq mi), the 6th lowest of 47 years for May; Antarctic sea ice 9.27 million sq km (3.58 million sq mi), the 5th lowest of 47 years for May.
- Carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa averaged 430.51 ppm in May 2025, 3.61 ppm more than in May 2024.
Temperature Against Normal
May 2025, against 1991 to 2020| Band | Stations on the map |
|---|---|
| More than 3 C (5.4 F) below normal | 19 |
| 1 to 3 C (1.8 to 5.4 F) below normal | 246 |
| Within 1 C (1.8 F) of normal | 1,490 |
| 1 to 3 C (1.8 to 5.4 F) above normal | 511 |
| More than 3 C (5.4 F) above normal | 58 |
| Area | Stations | Daily maximum vs normal | Daily minimum vs normal | Mean vs normal | Rank for May (1 is warmest) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 6,424 | +0.2 C (+0.4 F) | +0.8 C (+1.4 F) | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) | 3rd of 75 |
| Africa | 61 | +0.0 C (+0.1 F) | +0.6 C (+1.0 F) | +0.3 C (+0.5 F) | 11th of 61 |
| Asia | 340 | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) | +1.5 C (+2.6 F) | +0.9 C (+1.7 F) | 2nd of 74 |
| Europe | 1,218 | +0.1 C (+0.3 F) | +0.3 C (+0.5 F) | +0.2 C (+0.4 F) | 19th of 75 |
| North America | 4,394 | +0.1 C (+0.1 F) | +0.7 C (+1.3 F) | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) | 5th of 75 |
| Oceania | 402 | +0.3 C (+0.6 F) | +0.5 C (+0.8 F) | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) | 15th of 75 |
| South America | 9 | +1.0 C (+1.8 F) | +1.4 C (+2.5 F) | +1.2 C (+2.1 F) | 1st of 34 |
Stations are averaged in 5 degree grid cells and the cells are weighted by the cosine of their latitude. A value and a rank need cells holding at least 50% of the weight of every cell that has ever had data for May; n/a means fewer stations have reported so far. The world includes Antarctica and islands without a continent row.
| Year | Mean against the 1991 to 2020 normal |
|---|---|
| 1951 | -0.8 C (-1.4 F) |
| 1952 | -1.0 C (-1.8 F) |
| 1953 | -0.6 C (-1.1 F) |
| 1954 | -1.2 C (-2.2 F) |
| 1955 | -0.8 C (-1.5 F) |
| 1956 | -1.0 C (-1.8 F) |
| 1957 | -0.9 C (-1.6 F) |
| 1958 | -0.6 C (-1.2 F) |
| 1959 | -0.8 C (-1.5 F) |
| 1960 | -1.4 C (-2.5 F) |
| 1961 | -0.8 C (-1.4 F) |
| 1962 | -0.6 C (-1.1 F) |
| 1963 | -0.7 C (-1.2 F) |
| 1964 | -0.8 C (-1.5 F) |
| 1965 | -1.0 C (-1.7 F) |
| 1966 | -1.0 C (-1.8 F) |
| 1967 | -0.4 C (-0.7 F) |
| 1968 | -0.9 C (-1.6 F) |
| 1969 | -0.9 C (-1.6 F) |
| 1970 | -0.8 C (-1.5 F) |
| 1971 | -1.1 C (-1.9 F) |
| 1972 | -1.0 C (-1.7 F) |
| 1973 | -0.6 C (-1.2 F) |
| 1974 | -0.9 C (-1.6 F) |
| 1975 | -0.7 C (-1.2 F) |
| 1976 | -1.1 C (-1.9 F) |
| 1977 | -0.6 C (-1.0 F) |
| 1978 | -0.9 C (-1.6 F) |
| 1979 | -0.7 C (-1.3 F) |
| 1980 | -0.6 C (-1.1 F) |
| 1981 | -0.7 C (-1.2 F) |
| 1982 | -0.6 C (-1.2 F) |
| 1983 | -0.6 C (-1.1 F) |
| 1984 | -0.4 C (-0.7 F) |
| 1985 | -0.6 C (-1.2 F) |
| 1986 | -0.5 C (-0.9 F) |
| 1987 | -0.5 C (-0.9 F) |
| 1988 | -0.3 C (-0.5 F) |
| 1989 | -0.3 C (-0.6 F) |
| 1990 | -0.2 C (-0.3 F) |
| 1991 | -0.4 C (-0.7 F) |
| 1992 | -0.5 C (-0.9 F) |
| 1993 | -0.5 C (-0.9 F) |
| 1994 | -0.3 C (-0.6 F) |
| 1995 | -0.3 C (-0.6 F) |
| 1996 | -0.2 C (-0.3 F) |
| 1997 | -0.3 C (-0.5 F) |
| 1998 | -0.1 C (-0.1 F) |
| 1999 | -0.3 C (-0.6 F) |
| 2000 | -0.1 C (-0.2 F) |
| 2001 | +0.1 C (+0.2 F) |
| 2002 | -0.1 C (-0.1 F) |
| 2003 | +0.2 C (+0.3 F) |
| 2004 | -0.2 C (-0.3 F) |
| 2005 | +0.1 C (+0.2 F) |
| 2006 | -0.2 C (-0.3 F) |
| 2007 | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) |
| 2008 | -0.1 C (-0.3 F) |
| 2009 | 0.0 C (0.0 F) |
| 2010 | +0.3 C (+0.5 F) |
| 2011 | -0.1 C (-0.3 F) |
| 2012 | +0.4 C (+0.8 F) |
| 2013 | +0.3 C (+0.5 F) |
| 2014 | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) |
| 2015 | +0.4 C (+0.6 F) |
| 2016 | +0.5 C (+1.0 F) |
| 2017 | +0.1 C (+0.2 F) |
| 2018 | +0.5 C (+0.8 F) |
| 2019 | +0.2 C (+0.4 F) |
| 2020 | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) |
| 2021 | +0.4 C (+0.6 F) |
| 2022 | +0.3 C (+0.5 F) |
| 2023 | +0.1 C (+0.1 F) |
| 2024 | +0.7 C (+1.2 F) |
| 2025 | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) |
Furthest Above Normal
| Station | Country | Mean maximum | Maximum vs normal | Mean minimum | Minimum vs normal | Mean vs normal | Years of normal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arkansas Post | United States | 31.9 C (89.5 F) | +4.9 C (+8.9 F) | 22.5 C (72.4 F) | +5.6 C (+10.1 F) | +5.3 C (+9.5 F) | 30 |
| Talas | Kyrgyzstan | 26.2 C (79.2 F) | +3.8 C (+6.9 F) | 14.4 C (57.9 F) | +6.5 C (+11.7 F) | +5.2 C (+9.3 F) | 26 |
| Lindbergh Lake | United States | 22.9 C (73.1 F) | +6.9 C (+12.3 F) | 6.3 C (43.3 F) | +3.0 C (+5.5 F) | +5.0 C (+8.9 F) | 30 |
| Truckee #2 | United States | 21.1 C (70.1 F) | +4.4 C (+8.0 F) | 6.4 C (43.6 F) | +4.7 C (+8.4 F) | +4.6 C (+8.2 F) | 30 |
| Ak-Bajtal | Uzbekistan | 32.1 C (89.7 F) | +3.4 C (+6.0 F) | 20.2 C (68.4 F) | +5.5 C (+9.9 F) | +4.4 C (+8.0 F) | 28 |
| Buzaubaj | Uzbekistan | 33.2 C (91.8 F) | +2.4 C (+4.3 F) | 21.8 C (71.3 F) | +6.3 C (+11.4 F) | +4.4 C (+7.8 F) | 29 |
| Buhara | Uzbekistan | 33.0 C (91.5 F) | +2.5 C (+4.5 F) | 21.3 C (70.4 F) | +6.1 C (+11.1 F) | +4.3 C (+7.8 F) | 30 |
| Zlikha | Kazakhstan | 30.4 C (86.7 F) | +2.6 C (+4.6 F) | 16.7 C (62.1 F) | +5.9 C (+10.5 F) | +4.2 C (+7.6 F) | 26 |
| Almaty | Kazakhstan | 25.8 C (78.4 F) | +3.0 C (+5.4 F) | 16.6 C (61.8 F) | +5.4 C (+9.6 F) | +4.2 C (+7.5 F) | 25 |
| Sidney | United States | 25.5 C (77.9 F) | +4.0 C (+7.3 F) | 10.0 C (49.9 F) | +4.3 C (+7.7 F) | +4.2 C (+7.5 F) | 30 |
Furthest Below Normal
| Station | Country | Mean maximum | Maximum vs normal | Mean minimum | Minimum vs normal | Mean vs normal | Years of normal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moran 5WNW | United States | 12.0 C (53.6 F) | -2.7 C (-4.8 F) | -7.6 C (18.4 F) | -6.5 C (-11.6 F) | -4.6 C (-8.2 F) | 30 |
| Shepetivka | Ukraine | 14.4 C (57.9 F) | -6.1 C (-10.9 F) | 6.2 C (43.2 F) | -2.7 C (-4.8 F) | -4.4 C (-7.8 F) | 30 |
| Emblem | United States | 16.5 C (61.8 F) | -4.0 C (-7.2 F) | 1.3 C (34.3 F) | -3.9 C (-7.0 F) | -4.0 C (-7.1 F) | 30 |
| Kisinev | Moldova | 17.3 C (63.1 F) | -4.9 C (-8.9 F) | 8.9 C (48.0 F) | -2.9 C (-5.2 F) | -3.9 C (-7.0 F) | 30 |
| Ocna Sugatag | Romania | 15.7 C (60.3 F) | -4.4 C (-8.0 F) | 5.7 C (42.2 F) | -2.8 C (-5.1 F) | -3.6 C (-6.5 F) | 29 |
| Botosani | Romania | 18.0 C (64.3 F) | -4.6 C (-8.4 F) | 7.7 C (45.8 F) | -2.4 C (-4.4 F) | -3.5 C (-6.4 F) | 30 |
| Celina 3 NE | United States | 19.3 C (66.7 F) | -3.4 C (-6.2 F) | 7.6 C (45.6 F) | -3.5 C (-6.3 F) | -3.5 C (-6.2 F) | 30 |
| Midland | United States | 16.7 C (62.0 F) | -3.9 C (-7.1 F) | 6.1 C (43.0 F) | -2.6 C (-4.7 F) | -3.3 C (-5.9 F) | 30 |
| Kaunas | Lithuania | 15.1 C (59.1 F) | -3.7 C (-6.6 F) | 4.7 C (40.4 F) | -2.7 C (-4.9 F) | -3.2 C (-5.8 F) | 29 |
| Amistad 5 SSW | United States | 22.8 C (73.1 F) | -3.0 C (-5.4 F) | 5.3 C (41.5 F) | -3.3 C (-5.9 F) | -3.2 C (-5.7 F) | 28 |
The lists use stations with at least 25 years behind their normal. One station does not stand for the area around it.
Countries
| Country | Stations | Mean vs normal |
|---|---|---|
| Uzbekistan | 16 | +3.6 C (+6.5 F) |
| Kyrgyzstan | 5 | +3.5 C (+6.3 F) |
| Kazakhstan | 31 | +2.7 C (+4.9 F) |
| Iran | 6 | +2.6 C (+4.7 F) |
| Turkmenistan | 15 | +2.3 C (+4.1 F) |
| Ireland | 5 | +1.3 C (+2.3 F) |
| Mexico | 17 | +1.3 C (+2.3 F) |
| Bolivia | 7 | +1.3 C (+2.3 F) |
| United Kingdom | 52 | +1.3 C (+2.3 F) |
| France | 40 | +0.9 C (+1.7 F) |
| Morocco | 6 | +0.9 C (+1.6 F) |
| China | 175 | +0.7 C (+1.3 F) |
| Spain | 85 | +0.7 C (+1.2 F) |
| Italy | 8 | +0.7 C (+1.2 F) |
| Norway | 73 | +0.6 C (+1.1 F) |
| Netherlands | 30 | +0.5 C (+1.0 F) |
| Indonesia | 5 | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) |
| Turkey | 11 | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) |
| Philippines | 6 | +0.5 C (+0.8 F) |
| Australia | 393 | +0.4 C (+0.8 F) |
| Greenland [Denmark] | 6 | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) |
| Niger | 11 | +0.3 C (+0.6 F) |
| Russia | 183 | +0.3 C (+0.5 F) |
| United States | 4,345 | +0.2 C (+0.4 F) |
| Puerto Rico [United States] | 16 | +0.1 C (+0.3 F) |
| Switzerland | 8 | +0.1 C (+0.2 F) |
| Benin | 5 | +0.1 C (+0.1 F) |
| Thailand | 30 | -0.1 C (-0.1 F) |
| Sweden | 178 | -0.2 C (-0.3 F) |
| Finland | 122 | -0.2 C (-0.3 F) |
| Germany | 319 | -0.3 C (-0.5 F) |
| South Africa | 20 | -0.4 C (-0.7 F) |
| India | 25 | -0.6 C (-1.1 F) |
| Austria | 5 | -1.2 C (-2.2 F) |
| Estonia | 21 | -1.3 C (-2.3 F) |
| Czech Republic | 8 | -2.0 C (-3.7 F) |
| Romania | 21 | -2.2 C (-4.0 F) |
| Ukraine | 25 | -2.5 C (-4.6 F) |
Rain Against Normal
8,225 stations, May 2025| Band | Stations on the map |
|---|---|
| Under 50% of normal | 458 |
| 50 to 90% of normal | 603 |
| 90 to 110% of normal | 232 |
| 110 to 200% of normal | 563 |
| 200% or more of normal | 177 |
| Under 50% | |
|---|---|
| 50 to 90% | |
| 90 to 110% | |
| 110 to 200% | |
| 200% or more |
Of the 8,225 stations with a full month of rain data in May 2025, 23% had less than half their normal May rain and 10% had at least twice their normal; the median station had 82% of its normal. A station month needs 28 days of rain data, because a total from fewer days is too low, and a normal of at least 10 mm.
Wettest Against Normal
| Station | Country | Rain | Normal | Percent of normal | Years of normal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Killawarra (Uralba) | Australia | 695.8 mm (27.4 in) | 59.6 mm (2.3 in) | 1,168% | 30 |
| Wingham (Lanark Close) | Australia | 772.8 mm (30.4 in) | 68.2 mm (2.7 in) | 1,134% | 30 |
| Gloucester (Upper Bowman) | Australia | 560.6 mm (22.1 in) | 58.9 mm (2.3 in) | 952% | 28 |
| Krambach (Tipperary) | Australia | 592.0 mm (23.3 in) | 62.7 mm (2.5 in) | 944% | 28 |
| Birdwood | Australia | 591.8 mm (23.3 in) | 70.5 mm (2.8 in) | 839% | 30 |
| Bobin (Bobin Creek) | Australia | 632.2 mm (24.9 in) | 78.2 mm (3.1 in) | 808% | 26 |
| Forbes River (Birdwood) | Australia | 575.8 mm (22.7 in) | 76.9 mm (3.0 in) | 749% | 28 |
| Monticello | United States | 467.4 mm (18.4 in) | 64.0 mm (2.5 in) | 731% | 28 |
| Yarras (Mount Seaview) | Australia | 926.8 mm (36.5 in) | 130.4 mm (5.1 in) | 711% | 30 |
| Doongan | Australia | 93.3 mm (3.7 in) | 13.3 mm (0.5 in) | 703% | 28 |
Driest Against Normal
| Station | Country | Rain | Normal | Percent of normal | Years of normal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green Lake | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 52.7 mm (2.1 in) | 0% | 30 |
| Ninghan Station | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 35.2 mm (1.4 in) | 0% | 29 |
| Riverside | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 34.8 mm (1.4 in) | 0% | 25 |
| Moningarin | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 32.7 mm (1.3 in) | 0% | 27 |
| Cobar (Tambua) | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 32.3 mm (1.3 in) | 0% | 29 |
| Minderoo | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 30.8 mm (1.2 in) | 0% | 25 |
| Nungarin | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 29.2 mm (1.1 in) | 0% | 28 |
| Dampier Salt | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 28.1 mm (1.1 in) | 0% | 30 |
| Karratha Aero | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 27.3 mm (1.1 in) | 0% | 26 |
| Thundelarra | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 27.0 mm (1.1 in) | 0% | 28 |
Weather Records
22,978 set or tied in May 202522,978 weather records were set or tied in May 2025, including 13,205 record highs and 4,616 record lows of maximum and minimum temperature, and 31 all-time records.
| Record high minimum temperature | |
|---|---|
| Record high maximum temperature | |
| Record daily precipitation | |
| Record low maximum temperature | |
| Record low minimum temperature | |
| Record daily snowfall | |
| Record snow depth |
| Daily | |
|---|---|
| Monthly | |
| All-time |
May Against the Ten Years Before
| Year | Record highs, percent of highs and lows |
|---|---|
| 2015 | 63.6% |
| 2016 | 70.5% |
| 2017 | 60.4% |
| 2018 | 90.5% |
| 2019 | 46.3% |
| 2020 | 61.1% |
| 2021 | 52.3% |
| 2022 | 63.2% |
| 2023 | 68.8% |
| 2024 | 74.9% |
| 2025 | 74.0% |
In May 2025, 74% of the daily temperature records were record highs (2.9 to 1 highs to lows), against an average of 65% for May in 2015 to 2024.
The Top 10 Records of May 2025
| Date | Station | Country | Record | Value | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-05-03 | Altastenberg | Germany | Daily precipitation | 44.8 mm (1.8 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2025-05-11 | Dwtn Charleston | United States | Daily precipitation | 98.0 mm (3.9 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2025-05-13 | Tarboro 1 S | United States | Daily precipitation | 100.6 mm (4.0 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2025-05-16 | Camboon Station | Australia | Daily precipitation | 83.0 mm (3.3 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2025-05-23 | Blue Hill Coop | United States | Daily precipitation | 93.0 mm (3.7 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2025-05-24 | Lymington (Fattys Lane) | Australia | Daily precipitation | 43.0 mm (1.7 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2025-05-27 | Monticello | United States | Daily precipitation | 111.8 mm (4.4 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2025-05-20 | Kem-Port | Russia | Daily precipitation | 32.1 mm (1.3 in) | 78 of 100 (Major) |
| 2025-05-20 | Rock Is L&D 15 | United States | Daily precipitation | 75.7 mm (3.0 in) | 78 of 100 (Major) |
| 2025-05-31 | Roermond | Netherlands | Monthly precipitation | 64.3 mm (2.5 in) | 78 of 100 (Major) |
Countries With the Most Records
| Country | Records | Highs | Lows |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 12,769 | 7,049 | 2,826 |
| Australia | 2,087 | 727 | 305 |
| Russia | 931 | 518 | 170 |
| China | 684 | 522 | 128 |
| Japan | 642 | 570 | 68 |
| Germany | 537 | 315 | 139 |
| India | 486 | 183 | 222 |
| Kazakhstan | 339 | 333 | 6 |
| Sweden | 314 | 61 | 92 |
| Mongolia | 261 | 216 | 35 |
| Spain | 227 | 173 | 4 |
| Uzbekistan | 216 | 212 | 4 |
| Mexico | 204 | 181 | 15 |
| Indonesia | 174 | 143 | 31 |
| Norway | 174 | 80 | 18 |
Events and Storms
1 named storm had a best track position in May 2025; 0 peaked at 64 kt (119 km/h, 74 mph) or more and 0 at 96 kt (178 km/h, 110 mph) or more over their lifetime.
| Storm | Basin | Lifetime peak wind | Category at peak |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alvin | Eastern North Pacific | 50 kt (93 km/h, 58 mph) | Tropical storm |
May 2025 in Context
These values come from other sources and the site's own analysis pages. They are context for May 2025; this page does not say that any of them caused the temperatures or records above.
How These Numbers Are Made
Each station's mean daily maximum and minimum temperature for May 2025 is compared with its own mean for May in 1991 to 2020, from months with at least 20 days of both. A station needs 20 such years for a normal. The mean is the average of the two differences. A station month more than 15 C (27 F) from its normal in either element is treated as a data error and left out.
For the world and each continent, stations are averaged within 5 degree grid cells and the cells are averaged weighted by the cosine of their latitude, so dense networks do not outweigh sparse ones. A continent uses the stations of its own countries. A year gets a value and a rank only when its cells hold at least 50% of the weight of all the cells that have ever had data for May, the rule of the climate pages. This is a station based view: places without stations are not covered, and it is not a gridded temperature analysis.
Records are the site's public ledger: one record per observation, set or tied, at its broadest timescale. The ten year comparison uses daily temperature records only, ties excluded. The numbers and sentences on this page are generated by code from the station data; none of them is typed in by hand.
Download the Data
More Months
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Source: International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) v04r01, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, doi:10.25921/82ty-9e16. Some agency values come from third parties such as JMA, IMD and BoM. (NOAA NCEI terms (citation requested)) Source: NOAA Climate Prediction Center, Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) and Relative Oceanic Nino Index (RONI). Episodes and strength classes are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not NOAA products. (US Government work, public domain (NWS disclaimer)) Source: Fetterer, F., Knowles, K., Meier, W. N., Savoie, M., Windnagel, A. K. and Stafford, T. (2025). Sea Ice Index, Version 4 (G02135). Boulder, Colorado USA. National Snow and Ice Data Center. doi:10.7265/a98x-0f50. Yearly extremes, ranks, trends and the climatology are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor from the daily extent files and are not NSIDC products. (NSIDC data use and citation policy (public domain government funded data, citation required)) Source: NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratories (gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends). Mauna Loa CO2 data are from NOAA and Scripps (before 1974 the monthly values come from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography). The global means of CO2, methane and nitrous oxide are from the NOAA GML cooperative air sampling network (methane and nitrous oxide: Lan, Thoning and Dlugokencky, doi:10.15138/P8XG-AA10). (US Government open data (NOAA GML, citation requested)) Data as of 2026-11-09. Temperatures against normal, ranks and records are computed by this site from station data and are not official.