September 2025: Weather Records and Temperatures Against Normal
September 2025 is settled: the figures use data received up to 9 November 2026, more than 45 days after the month ended, so the late station reports are in. This page compares September 2025 at weather stations worldwide with each station's own 1991 to 2020 September normal, ranks it against September of every year since 1951, and lists the weather records, events and storms of the month.
Data as of . Last revised (2026-11-09).
Key Facts
- September 2025 is settled; its data run to 9 November 2026.
- In September 2025, stations worldwide averaged +0.7 C (+1.2 F) against their 1991 to 2020 September normals, the 4th warmest September in 75 ranked years from 1951 to 2025.
- The mean daily maximum in September 2025 was +0.1 C (+0.1 F) against normal and the mean daily minimum +1.2 C (+2.2 F).
- Among the continents in September 2025, North America was the warmest against normal, at +0.8 C (+1.4 F), and Oceania the coolest, at +0.2 C (+0.3 F).
- The station furthest above its September normal in September 2025 was Temosachi (Obs) (Mexico), at +6.8 C (+12.2 F); the furthest below was St Joseph 3 N (United States), at -4.9 C (-8.9 F).
- Of the 7,342 stations with a full month of rain data in September 2025, 27% had less than half their normal September rain and 6% had at least twice their normal; the median station had 80% of its normal.
- 16,870 weather records were set or tied in September 2025, including 10,923 record highs and 2,548 record lows of maximum and minimum temperature, and 19 all-time records.
- In September 2025, 82% of the daily temperature records were record highs (4.6 to 1 highs to lows), against an average of 81% for September in 2015 to 2024.
- 18 extreme weather events detected by this site overlapped September 2025.
- 16 named storms had a best track position in September 2025; 11 peaked at 64 kt (119 km/h, 74 mph) or more and 5 at 96 kt (178 km/h, 110 mph) or more over their lifetime.
- The Oceanic Nino Index for ASO 2025, the three months centred on September 2025, was -0.43: neutral, outside any El Nino or La Nina episode. NOAA's relative index (RONI) for the same season was -0.78.
- Monthly mean extent in September 2025: Arctic sea ice 4.75 million sq km (1.83 million sq mi), the 11th lowest of 47 years for September; Antarctic sea ice 17.64 million sq km (6.81 million sq mi), the 3rd lowest of 47 years for September.
- Carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa averaged 424.37 ppm in September 2025, 2.34 ppm more than in September 2024.
Temperature Against Normal
September 2025, against 1991 to 2020| Band | Stations on the map |
|---|---|
| More than 3 C (5.4 F) below normal | 0 |
| 1 to 3 C (1.8 to 5.4 F) below normal | 31 |
| Within 1 C (1.8 F) of normal | 1,069 |
| 1 to 3 C (1.8 to 5.4 F) above normal | 747 |
| More than 3 C (5.4 F) above normal | 95 |
| Area | Stations | Daily maximum vs normal | Daily minimum vs normal | Mean vs normal | Rank for September (1 is warmest) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 5,907 | +0.1 C (+0.1 F) | +1.2 C (+2.2 F) | +0.7 C (+1.2 F) | 4th of 75 |
| Africa | 12 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Asia | 207 | -0.6 C (-1.1 F) | +2.1 C (+3.7 F) | +0.7 C (+1.3 F) | 5th of 74 |
| Europe | 1,021 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| North America | 4,272 | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) | +1.1 C (+1.9 F) | +0.8 C (+1.4 F) | 7th of 75 |
| Oceania | 395 | +0.2 C (+0.3 F) | +0.2 C (+0.4 F) | +0.2 C (+0.3 F) | 15th of 75 |
| South America | 0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Stations are averaged in 5 degree grid cells and the cells are weighted by the cosine of their latitude. A value and a rank need cells holding at least 50% of the weight of every cell that has ever had data for September; n/a means fewer stations have reported so far. The world includes Antarctica and islands without a continent row.
| Year | Mean against the 1991 to 2020 normal |
|---|---|
| 1951 | -0.2 C (-0.3 F) |
| 1952 | -0.4 C (-0.8 F) |
| 1953 | -0.4 C (-0.7 F) |
| 1954 | -0.3 C (-0.6 F) |
| 1955 | -0.4 C (-0.8 F) |
| 1956 | -1.1 C (-2.0 F) |
| 1957 | -0.7 C (-1.2 F) |
| 1958 | -1.0 C (-1.7 F) |
| 1959 | -0.4 C (-0.8 F) |
| 1960 | -0.7 C (-1.2 F) |
| 1961 | -0.5 C (-0.9 F) |
| 1962 | -0.8 C (-1.4 F) |
| 1963 | -0.4 C (-0.7 F) |
| 1964 | -0.9 C (-1.6 F) |
| 1965 | -0.8 C (-1.4 F) |
| 1966 | -0.7 C (-1.3 F) |
| 1967 | -1.0 C (-1.8 F) |
| 1968 | -1.1 C (-2.0 F) |
| 1969 | -1.0 C (-1.8 F) |
| 1970 | -0.7 C (-1.2 F) |
| 1971 | -0.6 C (-1.0 F) |
| 1972 | -1.1 C (-2.0 F) |
| 1973 | -0.8 C (-1.5 F) |
| 1974 | -0.7 C (-1.3 F) |
| 1975 | -0.4 C (-0.7 F) |
| 1976 | -1.0 C (-1.8 F) |
| 1977 | -0.7 C (-1.3 F) |
| 1978 | -0.8 C (-1.5 F) |
| 1979 | -0.5 C (-1.0 F) |
| 1980 | -0.4 C (-0.7 F) |
| 1981 | -0.5 C (-0.9 F) |
| 1982 | -0.5 C (-1.0 F) |
| 1983 | -0.1 C (-0.3 F) |
| 1984 | -0.9 C (-1.6 F) |
| 1985 | -0.8 C (-1.5 F) |
| 1986 | -0.7 C (-1.3 F) |
| 1987 | -0.4 C (-0.8 F) |
| 1988 | -0.2 C (-0.4 F) |
| 1989 | -0.5 C (-0.8 F) |
| 1990 | -0.4 C (-0.8 F) |
| 1991 | -0.3 C (-0.5 F) |
| 1992 | -0.9 C (-1.7 F) |
| 1993 | -0.9 C (-1.6 F) |
| 1994 | -0.3 C (-0.6 F) |
| 1995 | -0.2 C (-0.3 F) |
| 1996 | -0.8 C (-1.5 F) |
| 1997 | -0.2 C (-0.4 F) |
| 1998 | +0.1 C (+0.2 F) |
| 1999 | -0.1 C (-0.2 F) |
| 2000 | -0.2 C (-0.4 F) |
| 2001 | -0.2 C (-0.4 F) |
| 2002 | 0.0 C (0.0 F) |
| 2003 | +0.0 C (+0.0 F) |
| 2004 | -0.1 C (-0.2 F) |
| 2005 | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) |
| 2006 | +0.2 C (+0.3 F) |
| 2007 | +0.2 C (+0.4 F) |
| 2008 | -0.1 C (-0.2 F) |
| 2009 | +0.3 C (+0.5 F) |
| 2010 | +0.2 C (+0.3 F) |
| 2011 | +0.1 C (+0.2 F) |
| 2012 | +0.2 C (+0.3 F) |
| 2013 | +0.1 C (+0.2 F) |
| 2014 | +0.2 C (+0.4 F) |
| 2015 | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) |
| 2016 | +0.7 C (+1.2 F) |
| 2017 | +0.4 C (+0.6 F) |
| 2018 | +0.6 C (+1.0 F) |
| 2019 | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) |
| 2020 | +0.6 C (+1.0 F) |
| 2021 | +0.3 C (+0.6 F) |
| 2022 | +0.5 C (+0.8 F) |
| 2023 | +1.2 C (+2.1 F) |
| 2024 | +1.0 C (+1.8 F) |
| 2025 | +0.7 C (+1.2 F) |
Furthest Above Normal
| Station | Country | Mean maximum | Maximum vs normal | Mean minimum | Minimum vs normal | Mean vs normal | Years of normal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temosachi (Obs) | Mexico | 33.3 C (92.0 F) | +3.0 C (+5.5 F) | 25.1 C (77.2 F) | +10.5 C (+18.9 F) | +6.8 C (+12.2 F) | 28 |
| Humboldt Gulch | United States | 25.5 C (78.0 F) | +7.2 C (+12.9 F) | 7.7 C (45.9 F) | +3.8 C (+6.9 F) | +5.5 C (+9.9 F) | 30 |
| Sunset | United States | 20.8 C (69.4 F) | +5.7 C (+10.2 F) | 11.5 C (52.7 F) | +5.2 C (+9.4 F) | +5.5 C (+9.8 F) | 30 |
| Bonners Ferry | United States | 28.3 C (82.9 F) | +5.3 C (+9.6 F) | 12.0 C (53.6 F) | +5.5 C (+9.9 F) | +5.4 C (+9.8 F) | 28 |
| Salmon Meadows | United States | 22.2 C (71.9 F) | +6.1 C (+11.0 F) | 8.4 C (47.2 F) | +4.7 C (+8.4 F) | +5.4 C (+9.7 F) | 29 |
| Sidney | United States | 29.3 C (84.7 F) | +5.0 C (+9.0 F) | 12.9 C (55.3 F) | +5.8 C (+10.4 F) | +5.4 C (+9.7 F) | 29 |
| Lookout | United States | 23.4 C (74.1 F) | +6.1 C (+11.0 F) | 11.2 C (52.1 F) | +4.3 C (+7.7 F) | +5.2 C (+9.3 F) | 30 |
| Sherwin | United States | 29.9 C (85.7 F) | +7.5 C (+13.5 F) | 5.1 C (41.2 F) | +2.5 C (+4.5 F) | +5.0 C (+9.0 F) | 30 |
| Powell Fld STN | United States | 28.0 C (82.3 F) | +4.7 C (+8.4 F) | 11.0 C (51.8 F) | +5.3 C (+9.6 F) | +5.0 C (+9.0 F) | 30 |
| Badger Pass | United States | 18.4 C (65.0 F) | +4.8 C (+8.6 F) | 8.5 C (47.3 F) | +5.1 C (+9.3 F) | +5.0 C (+8.9 F) | 29 |
Furthest Below Normal
| Station | Country | Mean maximum | Maximum vs normal | Mean minimum | Minimum vs normal | Mean vs normal | Years of normal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| St Joseph 3 N | United States | 26.4 C (79.5 F) | -5.8 C (-10.5 F) | 14.6 C (58.2 F) | -4.1 C (-7.3 F) | -4.9 C (-8.9 F) | 30 |
| Volochanka | Russia | 3.3 C (37.9 F) | -3.1 C (-5.6 F) | -1.7 C (28.9 F) | -1.5 C (-2.8 F) | -2.3 C (-4.2 F) | 28 |
| Mt Wilson Cbs | United States | 22.8 C (73.1 F) | -4.0 C (-7.2 F) | 14.9 C (58.8 F) | -0.4 C (-0.7 F) | -2.2 C (-3.9 F) | 25 |
| Cannery Creek | United States | 9.6 C (49.2 F) | -2.4 C (-4.3 F) | 4.1 C (39.3 F) | -1.3 C (-2.4 F) | -1.9 C (-3.4 F) | 27 |
| Gaylord Bay | United States | 25.9 C (78.6 F) | -2.2 C (-4.0 F) | 17.9 C (64.2 F) | -1.5 C (-2.8 F) | -1.9 C (-3.4 F) | 26 |
| Alice Springs Airport | Australia | 27.6 C (81.7 F) | -1.2 C (-2.2 F) | 8.9 C (48.0 F) | -2.3 C (-4.1 F) | -1.7 C (-3.1 F) | 30 |
| Grant Grove | United States | 19.1 C (66.4 F) | -2.6 C (-4.7 F) | 7.9 C (46.3 F) | -0.7 C (-1.3 F) | -1.7 C (-3.0 F) | 28 |
| Council Grove Lake | United States | 25.5 C (77.8 F) | -1.7 C (-3.0 F) | 12.2 C (54.0 F) | -1.6 C (-3.0 F) | -1.7 C (-3.0 F) | 30 |
| Cades 4 W | United States | 30.5 C (86.9 F) | +0.3 C (+0.6 F) | 13.7 C (56.7 F) | -3.6 C (-6.6 F) | -1.7 C (-3.0 F) | 25 |
| Orangeburg 2 | United States | 28.9 C (84.1 F) | -1.6 C (-2.8 F) | 16.3 C (61.3 F) | -1.7 C (-3.1 F) | -1.6 C (-3.0 F) | 30 |
The lists use stations with at least 25 years behind their normal. One station does not stand for the area around it.
Countries
| Country | Stations | Mean vs normal |
|---|---|---|
| Estonia | 18 | +2.4 C (+4.4 F) |
| Norway | 72 | +2.4 C (+4.3 F) |
| Sweden | 179 | +2.4 C (+4.3 F) |
| Finland | 119 | +2.4 C (+4.2 F) |
| Kyrgyzstan | 5 | +1.9 C (+3.4 F) |
| Romania | 21 | +1.6 C (+3.0 F) |
| Austria | 5 | +1.4 C (+2.6 F) |
| Ukraine | 18 | +1.2 C (+2.2 F) |
| Russia | 17 | +1.2 C (+2.2 F) |
| Mexico | 12 | +1.2 C (+2.2 F) |
| Uzbekistan | 11 | +1.1 C (+2.0 F) |
| Turkey | 7 | +1.0 C (+1.8 F) |
| China | 100 | +1.0 C (+1.7 F) |
| Mongolia | 5 | +1.0 C (+1.7 F) |
| United States | 4,240 | +0.8 C (+1.4 F) |
| Kazakhstan | 25 | +0.7 C (+1.3 F) |
| Spain | 85 | +0.7 C (+1.3 F) |
| Germany | 315 | +0.6 C (+1.1 F) |
| Netherlands | 30 | +0.5 C (+1.0 F) |
| Greenland [Denmark] | 5 | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) |
| Puerto Rico [United States] | 13 | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) |
| India | 17 | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) |
| Switzerland | 8 | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) |
| Turkmenistan | 15 | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) |
| Thailand | 11 | +0.3 C (+0.6 F) |
| Australia | 387 | +0.3 C (+0.5 F) |
| France | 40 | +0.1 C (+0.1 F) |
| United Kingdom | 54 | +0.1 C (+0.1 F) |
| South Africa | 5 | -0.8 C (-1.4 F) |
Rain Against Normal
7,342 stations, September 2025| Band | Stations on the map |
|---|---|
| Under 50% of normal | 411 |
| 50 to 90% of normal | 451 |
| 90 to 110% of normal | 219 |
| 110 to 200% of normal | 439 |
| 200% or more of normal | 99 |
| Under 50% | |
|---|---|
| 50 to 90% | |
| 90 to 110% | |
| 110 to 200% | |
| 200% or more |
Of the 7,342 stations with a full month of rain data in September 2025, 27% had less than half their normal September rain and 6% had at least twice their normal; the median station had 80% of its normal. A station month needs 28 days of rain data, because a total from fewer days is too low, and a normal of at least 10 mm.
Wettest Against Normal
| Station | Country | Rain | Normal | Percent of normal | Years of normal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yuma Proving Ground | United States | 72.6 mm (2.9 in) | 11.2 mm (0.4 in) | 647% | 29 |
| Smoky Valley - Carvers | United States | 65.9 mm (2.6 in) | 10.9 mm (0.4 in) | 606% | 30 |
| Big Bear Lake | United States | 59.6 mm (2.3 in) | 10.4 mm (0.4 in) | 575% | 30 |
| Kalvesta 13NW | United States | 153.8 mm (6.1 in) | 27.7 mm (1.1 in) | 554% | 28 |
| Mobridge 2NNW | United States | 216.8 mm (8.5 in) | 39.7 mm (1.6 in) | 546% | 30 |
| Barnard | United States | 333.3 mm (13.1 in) | 61.3 mm (2.4 in) | 544% | 29 |
| Cairns Aero | Australia | 148.4 mm (5.8 in) | 29.2 mm (1.1 in) | 509% | 29 |
| Dupree 15 SSE | United States | 158.9 mm (6.3 in) | 34.0 mm (1.3 in) | 467% | 29 |
| White Cliff Point | Australia | 71.4 mm (2.8 in) | 16.1 mm (0.6 in) | 445% | 30 |
| Tinaroo Falls Dam | Australia | 74.0 mm (2.9 in) | 16.8 mm (0.7 in) | 441% | 27 |
Driest Against Normal
| Station | Country | Rain | Normal | Percent of normal | Years of normal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hamlet | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 140.2 mm (5.5 in) | 0% | 30 |
| Greenville | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 109.3 mm (4.3 in) | 0% | 26 |
| Moultrie 2 ESE | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 102.1 mm (4.0 in) | 0% | 28 |
| Stephenville Clark Fld | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 72.4 mm (2.9 in) | 0% | 29 |
| Deniliquin (Wilkinson St) | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 34.5 mm (1.4 in) | 0% | 28 |
| Allambee | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 33.1 mm (1.3 in) | 0% | 29 |
| Wirrulla | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 31.9 mm (1.3 in) | 0% | 27 |
| Millegan 14 SE | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 31.4 mm (1.2 in) | 0% | 25 |
| Capalaba Water Treat | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 31.1 mm (1.2 in) | 0% | 25 |
| Warrinilla | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 30.5 mm (1.2 in) | 0% | 30 |
Weather Records
16,870 set or tied in September 202516,870 weather records were set or tied in September 2025, including 10,923 record highs and 2,548 record lows of maximum and minimum temperature, and 19 all-time records.
| Record high minimum temperature | |
|---|---|
| Record daily precipitation | |
| Record high maximum temperature | |
| Record low maximum temperature | |
| Record low minimum temperature | |
| Record snow depth | |
| Record daily snowfall |
| Daily | |
|---|---|
| Monthly | |
| All-time |
September Against the Ten Years Before
| Year | Record highs, percent of highs and lows |
|---|---|
| 2015 | 85.3% |
| 2016 | 87.1% |
| 2017 | 70.3% |
| 2018 | 77.4% |
| 2019 | 77.5% |
| 2020 | 62.8% |
| 2021 | 83.3% |
| 2022 | 86.8% |
| 2023 | 92.6% |
| 2024 | 87.8% |
| 2025 | 82.3% |
In September 2025, 82% of the daily temperature records were record highs (4.6 to 1 highs to lows), against an average of 81% for September in 2015 to 2024.
The Top 10 Records of September 2025
| Date | Station | Country | Record | Value | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-09-06 | Harnosand | Sweden | Daily precipitation | 68.7 mm (2.7 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2025-09-09 | Tumby Bay | Australia | Daily precipitation | 32.2 mm (1.3 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2025-09-09 | Tibooburra (Fort Grey) | Australia | Daily precipitation | 39.0 mm (1.5 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2025-09-11 | Cronulla South Bowling Club | Australia | Monthly precipitation | 147.0 mm (5.8 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2025-09-11 | Taralga Post Office | Australia | Daily precipitation | 70.0 mm (2.8 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2025-09-15 | Turtle Lake | United States | Daily precipitation | 69.9 mm (2.8 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2025-09-16 | Mc Cook | United States | Daily precipitation | 127.3 mm (5.0 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2025-09-25 | Minden | United States | Daily precipitation | 25.4 mm (1.0 in) | 80 of 100 (Exceptional) |
| 2025-09-09 | Wanneroo | Australia | Monthly precipitation | 65.0 mm (2.6 in) | 79 of 100 (Major) |
| 2025-09-09 | Barnard | United States | Monthly precipitation | 168.9 mm (6.6 in) | 79 of 100 (Major) |
Countries With the Most Records
| Country | Records | Highs | Lows |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 8,423 | 5,089 | 1,837 |
| Australia | 1,467 | 452 | 191 |
| Japan | 1,197 | 1,195 | 2 |
| Sweden | 829 | 513 | 4 |
| Finland | 676 | 567 | 0 |
| Germany | 665 | 230 | 139 |
| China | 457 | 424 | 33 |
| Norway | 449 | 333 | 3 |
| Spain | 335 | 271 | 45 |
| India | 332 | 264 | 61 |
| Mongolia | 212 | 198 | 6 |
| Mexico | 162 | 140 | 22 |
| Netherlands | 154 | 52 | 10 |
| Korea, South | 125 | 125 | 0 |
| Russia | 114 | 82 | 15 |
Events and Storms
16 named storms had a best track position in September 2025; 11 peaked at 64 kt (119 km/h, 74 mph) or more and 5 at 96 kt (178 km/h, 110 mph) or more over their lifetime.
| Storm | Basin | Lifetime peak wind | Category at peak |
|---|---|---|---|
| Matmo | Western North Pacific | 89 kt (165 km/h, 102 mph) | Category 2 |
| Octave | Eastern North Pacific | 80 kt (148 km/h, 92 mph) | Category 1 |
| Imelda | North Atlantic | 80 kt (148 km/h, 92 mph) | Category 1 |
| Humberto | North Atlantic | 140 kt (259 km/h, 161 mph) | Category 5 |
| Bualoi | Western North Pacific | 75 kt (139 km/h, 86 mph) | Category 1 |
| Narda | Eastern North Pacific | 90 kt (167 km/h, 104 mph) | Category 2 |
| Gabrielle | North Atlantic | 120 kt (222 km/h, 138 mph) | Category 4 |
| Neoguri | Western North Pacific | 124 kt (230 km/h, 143 mph) | Category 4 |
| Ragasa | Western North Pacific | 144 kt (267 km/h, 166 mph) | Category 5 |
| Mitag | Western North Pacific | 50 kt (93 km/h, 58 mph) | Tropical storm |
| Mario | Eastern North Pacific | 55 kt (102 km/h, 63 mph) | Tropical storm |
| Blossom | South-West Indian | 35 kt (65 km/h, 40 mph) | Tropical storm |
| Tapah | Western North Pacific | 63 kt (117 km/h, 72 mph) | Tropical storm |
| Peipah | Western North Pacific | 45 kt (83 km/h, 52 mph) | Tropical storm |
| Lorena | Eastern North Pacific | 75 kt (139 km/h, 86 mph) | Category 1 |
| Kiko | Eastern North Pacific | 125 kt (232 km/h, 144 mph) | Category 4 |
September 2025 in Context
These values come from other sources and the site's own analysis pages. They are context for September 2025; this page does not say that any of them caused the temperatures or records above.
How These Numbers Are Made
Each station's mean daily maximum and minimum temperature for September 2025 is compared with its own mean for September in 1991 to 2020, from months with at least 20 days of both. A station needs 20 such years for a normal. The mean is the average of the two differences. A station month more than 15 C (27 F) from its normal in either element is treated as a data error and left out.
For the world and each continent, stations are averaged within 5 degree grid cells and the cells are averaged weighted by the cosine of their latitude, so dense networks do not outweigh sparse ones. A continent uses the stations of its own countries. A year gets a value and a rank only when its cells hold at least 50% of the weight of all the cells that have ever had data for September, the rule of the climate pages. This is a station based view: places without stations are not covered, and it is not a gridded temperature analysis.
Records are the site's public ledger: one record per observation, set or tied, at its broadest timescale. The ten year comparison uses daily temperature records only, ties excluded. The numbers and sentences on this page are generated by code from the station data; none of them is typed in by hand.
Download the Data
More Months
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Source: International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) v04r01, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, doi:10.25921/82ty-9e16. Some agency values come from third parties such as JMA, IMD and BoM. (NOAA NCEI terms (citation requested)) Source: NOAA Climate Prediction Center, Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) and Relative Oceanic Nino Index (RONI). Episodes and strength classes are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not NOAA products. (US Government work, public domain (NWS disclaimer)) Source: Fetterer, F., Knowles, K., Meier, W. N., Savoie, M., Windnagel, A. K. and Stafford, T. (2025). Sea Ice Index, Version 4 (G02135). Boulder, Colorado USA. National Snow and Ice Data Center. doi:10.7265/a98x-0f50. Yearly extremes, ranks, trends and the climatology are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor from the daily extent files and are not NSIDC products. (NSIDC data use and citation policy (public domain government funded data, citation required)) Source: NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratories (gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends). Mauna Loa CO2 data are from NOAA and Scripps (before 1974 the monthly values come from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography). The global means of CO2, methane and nitrous oxide are from the NOAA GML cooperative air sampling network (methane and nitrous oxide: Lan, Thoning and Dlugokencky, doi:10.15138/P8XG-AA10). (US Government open data (NOAA GML, citation requested)) Data as of 2026-11-09. Temperatures against normal, ranks and records are computed by this site from station data and are not official.