December 2025: Weather Records and Temperatures Against Normal
December 2025 is settled: the figures use data received up to 9 November 2026, more than 45 days after the month ended, so the late station reports are in. This page compares December 2025 at weather stations worldwide with each station's own 1991 to 2020 December normal, ranks it against December of every year since 1951, and lists the weather records, events and storms of the month.
Data as of . Last revised (2026-11-09).
Key Facts
- December 2025 is settled; its data run to 9 November 2026.
- In December 2025, stations worldwide averaged +0.9 C (+1.5 F) against their 1991 to 2020 December normals, the 6th warmest December in 75 ranked years from 1951 to 2025.
- The mean daily maximum in December 2025 was +0.5 C (+0.9 F) against normal and the mean daily minimum +1.2 C (+2.2 F).
- Among the continents in December 2025, Asia was the warmest against normal, at +1.2 C (+2.2 F), and Oceania the coolest, at +0.4 C (+0.6 F).
- The station furthest above its December normal in December 2025 was Powell Fld STN (United States), at +10.7 C (+19.2 F); the furthest below was Eagle (United States), at -12.0 C (-21.6 F).
- Of the 7,723 stations with a full month of rain data in December 2025, 40% had less than half their normal December rain and 5% had at least twice their normal; the median station had 64% of its normal.
- 38,639 weather records were set or tied in December 2025, including 28,764 record highs and 3,516 record lows of maximum and minimum temperature, and 31 all-time records.
- In December 2025, 90% of the daily temperature records were record highs (8.7 to 1 highs to lows), against an average of 78% for December in 2015 to 2024.
- 24 extreme weather events detected by this site overlapped December 2025.
- 6 named storms had a best track position in December 2025; 4 peaked at 64 kt (119 km/h, 74 mph) or more and 1 at 96 kt (178 km/h, 110 mph) or more over their lifetime.
- The Oceanic Nino Index for NDJ 2025, the three months centred on December 2025, was -0.60: neutral, outside any El Nino or La Nina episode. NOAA's relative index (RONI) for the same season was -1.04.
- Monthly mean extent in December 2025: Arctic sea ice 11.22 million sq km (4.33 million sq mi), the lowest of 47 years for December; Antarctic sea ice 9.22 million sq km (3.56 million sq mi), the 6th lowest of 47 years for December.
- Carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa averaged 427.49 ppm in December 2025, 2.09 ppm more than in December 2024.
Temperature Against Normal
December 2025, against 1991 to 2020| Band | Stations on the map |
|---|---|
| More than 3 C (5.4 F) below normal | 65 |
| 1 to 3 C (1.8 to 5.4 F) below normal | 223 |
| Within 1 C (1.8 F) of normal | 538 |
| 1 to 3 C (1.8 to 5.4 F) above normal | 548 |
| More than 3 C (5.4 F) above normal | 488 |
| Area | Stations | Daily maximum vs normal | Daily minimum vs normal | Mean vs normal | Rank for December (1 is warmest) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 5,802 | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) | +1.2 C (+2.2 F) | +0.9 C (+1.5 F) | 6th of 75 |
| Africa | 14 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Asia | 179 | +0.1 C (+0.2 F) | +2.3 C (+4.2 F) | +1.2 C (+2.2 F) | 1st of 74 |
| Europe | 988 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| North America | 4,233 | +0.6 C (+1.1 F) | +0.3 C (+0.6 F) | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) | 13th of 75 |
| Oceania | 388 | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) | +0.2 C (+0.3 F) | +0.4 C (+0.6 F) | 15th of 75 |
| South America | 0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
Stations are averaged in 5 degree grid cells and the cells are weighted by the cosine of their latitude. A value and a rank need cells holding at least 50% of the weight of every cell that has ever had data for December; n/a means fewer stations have reported so far. The world includes Antarctica and islands without a continent row.
| Year | Mean against the 1991 to 2020 normal |
|---|---|
| 1951 | +0.7 C (+1.3 F) |
| 1952 | -1.6 C (-2.9 F) |
| 1953 | -0.2 C (-0.3 F) |
| 1954 | -1.1 C (-2.1 F) |
| 1955 | -1.2 C (-2.1 F) |
| 1956 | -0.9 C (-1.6 F) |
| 1957 | 0.0 C (-0.1 F) |
| 1958 | -0.6 C (-1.1 F) |
| 1959 | -1.1 C (-1.9 F) |
| 1960 | -0.3 C (-0.6 F) |
| 1961 | -0.8 C (-1.4 F) |
| 1962 | -0.7 C (-1.2 F) |
| 1963 | -1.0 C (-1.9 F) |
| 1964 | -0.9 C (-1.6 F) |
| 1965 | -0.9 C (-1.6 F) |
| 1966 | -1.5 C (-2.7 F) |
| 1967 | -1.0 C (-1.8 F) |
| 1968 | -1.6 C (-2.9 F) |
| 1969 | -0.9 C (-1.7 F) |
| 1970 | -0.8 C (-1.5 F) |
| 1971 | -0.1 C (-0.3 F) |
| 1972 | -0.2 C (-0.3 F) |
| 1973 | -0.4 C (-0.8 F) |
| 1974 | -1.1 C (-2.0 F) |
| 1975 | -0.8 C (-1.4 F) |
| 1976 | -1.2 C (-2.1 F) |
| 1977 | -0.4 C (-0.8 F) |
| 1978 | -1.1 C (-2.0 F) |
| 1979 | +0.3 C (+0.6 F) |
| 1980 | -0.1 C (-0.2 F) |
| 1981 | -0.1 C (-0.2 F) |
| 1982 | +0.2 C (+0.3 F) |
| 1983 | -0.2 C (-0.4 F) |
| 1984 | -1.3 C (-2.3 F) |
| 1985 | -0.8 C (-1.4 F) |
| 1986 | -0.7 C (-1.2 F) |
| 1987 | -0.4 C (-0.8 F) |
| 1988 | +0.2 C (+0.4 F) |
| 1989 | -0.1 C (-0.3 F) |
| 1990 | +0.2 C (+0.3 F) |
| 1991 | -0.6 C (-1.0 F) |
| 1992 | -0.3 C (-0.5 F) |
| 1993 | -0.5 C (-0.9 F) |
| 1994 | -0.3 C (-0.5 F) |
| 1995 | -0.4 C (-0.6 F) |
| 1996 | -0.3 C (-0.5 F) |
| 1997 | -0.5 C (-0.8 F) |
| 1998 | +0.1 C (+0.2 F) |
| 1999 | +0.1 C (+0.1 F) |
| 2000 | -0.4 C (-0.8 F) |
| 2001 | -0.6 C (-1.0 F) |
| 2002 | -0.9 C (-1.6 F) |
| 2003 | +0.5 C (+0.8 F) |
| 2004 | -0.2 C (-0.3 F) |
| 2005 | 0.0 C (0.0 F) |
| 2006 | +0.7 C (+1.2 F) |
| 2007 | +0.5 C (+0.9 F) |
| 2008 | +0.2 C (+0.3 F) |
| 2009 | -0.5 C (-0.8 F) |
| 2010 | -0.7 C (-1.3 F) |
| 2011 | +0.2 C (+0.3 F) |
| 2012 | -0.6 C (-1.0 F) |
| 2013 | +0.7 C (+1.3 F) |
| 2014 | +0.6 C (+1.1 F) |
| 2015 | +1.5 C (+2.6 F) |
| 2016 | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) |
| 2017 | +0.9 C (+1.7 F) |
| 2018 | +0.3 C (+0.6 F) |
| 2019 | +1.0 C (+1.8 F) |
| 2020 | +0.0 C (+0.1 F) |
| 2021 | +0.7 C (+1.3 F) |
| 2022 | -0.1 C (-0.2 F) |
| 2023 | +0.9 C (+1.6 F) |
| 2024 | +0.9 C (+1.6 F) |
| 2025 | +0.9 C (+1.5 F) |
Furthest Above Normal
| Station | Country | Mean maximum | Maximum vs normal | Mean minimum | Minimum vs normal | Mean vs normal | Years of normal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Powell Fld STN | United States | 12.3 C (54.2 F) | +11.5 C (+20.7 F) | -2.5 C (27.5 F) | +9.8 C (+17.7 F) | +10.7 C (+19.2 F) | 30 |
| Fontenelle Dam | United States | 5.2 C (41.3 F) | +8.3 C (+15.0 F) | -6.2 C (20.8 F) | +11.4 C (+20.5 F) | +9.9 C (+17.7 F) | 29 |
| Mackay Lost Rvr Rs | United States | 7.4 C (45.4 F) | +9.2 C (+16.5 F) | -3.8 C (25.2 F) | +9.0 C (+16.2 F) | +9.1 C (+16.4 F) | 26 |
| Pineview Dam | United States | 9.9 C (49.9 F) | +9.6 C (+17.3 F) | -1.8 C (28.8 F) | +8.5 C (+15.4 F) | +9.1 C (+16.3 F) | 29 |
| Stanley | United States | 3.8 C (38.9 F) | +7.8 C (+14.0 F) | -7.7 C (18.1 F) | +10.3 C (+18.5 F) | +9.0 C (+16.2 F) | 28 |
| Randolph | United States | 6.7 C (44.0 F) | +8.7 C (+15.7 F) | -7.0 C (19.4 F) | +8.9 C (+16.1 F) | +8.8 C (+15.9 F) | 25 |
| Church Buttes Gas Plt | United States | 8.1 C (46.5 F) | +8.6 C (+15.4 F) | -2.4 C (27.7 F) | +8.7 C (+15.7 F) | +8.6 C (+15.5 F) | 27 |
| Boysen Dam | United States | 8.5 C (47.4 F) | +9.4 C (+16.9 F) | -5.5 C (22.1 F) | +7.2 C (+13.0 F) | +8.3 C (+15.0 F) | 27 |
| Woodruff | United States | 6.0 C (42.8 F) | +7.4 C (+13.3 F) | -5.8 C (21.5 F) | +9.1 C (+16.4 F) | +8.2 C (+14.8 F) | 30 |
| Jeffrey City | United States | 8.4 C (47.1 F) | +8.9 C (+16.1 F) | -5.0 C (22.9 F) | +7.4 C (+13.3 F) | +8.1 C (+14.7 F) | 30 |
Furthest Below Normal
| Station | Country | Mean maximum | Maximum vs normal | Mean minimum | Minimum vs normal | Mean vs normal | Years of normal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eagle | United States | -28.7 C (-19.6 F) | -13.2 C (-23.8 F) | -35.4 C (-31.8 F) | -10.8 C (-19.4 F) | -12.0 C (-21.6 F) | 30 |
| Chicken | United States | -33.4 C (-28.2 F) | -12.1 C (-21.7 F) | -41.6 C (-42.9 F) | -11.2 C (-20.2 F) | -11.6 C (-21.0 F) | 25 |
| Granite Crk | United States | -23.4 C (-10.1 F) | -9.7 C (-17.5 F) | -33.9 C (-29.1 F) | -11.8 C (-21.2 F) | -10.7 C (-19.3 F) | 29 |
| Delta Junction 20 SE | United States | -23.0 C (-9.4 F) | -9.8 C (-17.6 F) | -34.0 C (-29.1 F) | -11.5 C (-20.8 F) | -10.7 C (-19.2 F) | 25 |
| Big Delta AP | United States | -22.3 C (-8.1 F) | -9.7 C (-17.5 F) | -31.5 C (-24.7 F) | -11.1 C (-20.1 F) | -10.4 C (-18.8 F) | 30 |
| Fairbanks Intl AP | United States | -25.9 C (-14.6 F) | -10.4 C (-18.8 F) | -35.0 C (-31.0 F) | -10.0 C (-18.1 F) | -10.2 C (-18.4 F) | 30 |
| Nenana Muni AP | United States | -24.2 C (-11.6 F) | -10.4 C (-18.7 F) | -33.6 C (-28.5 F) | -9.9 C (-17.9 F) | -10.2 C (-18.3 F) | 29 |
| College Obsy | United States | -25.0 C (-13.0 F) | -10.2 C (-18.4 F) | -32.0 C (-25.5 F) | -9.8 C (-17.6 F) | -10.0 C (-18.0 F) | 26 |
| Teuchet Creek | United States | -24.9 C (-12.8 F) | -10.6 C (-19.1 F) | -31.6 C (-24.8 F) | -9.0 C (-16.2 F) | -9.8 C (-17.7 F) | 26 |
| N Pole | United States | -27.0 C (-16.6 F) | -10.3 C (-18.6 F) | -34.8 C (-30.7 F) | -9.0 C (-16.2 F) | -9.6 C (-17.4 F) | 30 |
The lists use stations with at least 25 years behind their normal. One station does not stand for the area around it.
Countries
| Country | Stations | Mean vs normal |
|---|---|---|
| Greenland [Denmark] | 6 | +3.4 C (+6.2 F) |
| Sweden | 174 | +3.3 C (+5.9 F) |
| Estonia | 16 | +3.3 C (+5.9 F) |
| Ukraine | 5 | +2.7 C (+4.9 F) |
| Finland | 119 | +2.5 C (+4.4 F) |
| Kazakhstan | 7 | +2.4 C (+4.3 F) |
| Romania | 21 | +2.4 C (+4.3 F) |
| Uzbekistan | 9 | +2.3 C (+4.2 F) |
| Norway | 68 | +2.3 C (+4.2 F) |
| Mongolia | 9 | +1.7 C (+3.1 F) |
| Netherlands | 30 | +1.7 C (+3.1 F) |
| Switzerland | 8 | +1.7 C (+3.0 F) |
| France | 40 | +1.5 C (+2.7 F) |
| United Kingdom | 54 | +1.5 C (+2.7 F) |
| Germany | 319 | +1.4 C (+2.5 F) |
| Turkmenistan | 6 | +1.4 C (+2.5 F) |
| China | 101 | +1.4 C (+2.5 F) |
| Austria | 5 | +1.3 C (+2.3 F) |
| Russia | 20 | +0.9 C (+1.5 F) |
| Thailand | 12 | +0.5 C (+1.0 F) |
| Australia | 379 | +0.4 C (+0.7 F) |
| United States | 4,211 | +0.4 C (+0.6 F) |
| India | 17 | +0.3 C (+0.6 F) |
| Puerto Rico [United States] | 13 | +0.3 C (+0.5 F) |
| Spain | 84 | +0.2 C (+0.3 F) |
| South Africa | 6 | -1.0 C (-1.9 F) |
Rain Against Normal
7,723 stations, December 2025| Band | Stations on the map |
|---|---|
| Under 50% of normal | 615 |
| 50 to 90% of normal | 423 |
| 90 to 110% of normal | 219 |
| 110 to 200% of normal | 429 |
| 200% or more of normal | 115 |
| Under 50% | |
|---|---|
| 50 to 90% | |
| 90 to 110% | |
| 110 to 200% | |
| 200% or more |
Of the 7,723 stations with a full month of rain data in December 2025, 40% had less than half their normal December rain and 5% had at least twice their normal; the median station had 64% of its normal. A station month needs 28 days of rain data, because a total from fewer days is too low, and a normal of at least 10 mm.
Wettest Against Normal
| Station | Country | Rain | Normal | Percent of normal | Years of normal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malvie Downs Station | Australia | 528.2 mm (20.8 in) | 44.1 mm (1.7 in) | 1,199% | 28 |
| Manfred Downs Station | Australia | 646.6 mm (25.5 in) | 72.1 mm (2.8 in) | 897% | 29 |
| Brinard Station | Australia | 647.8 mm (25.5 in) | 82.4 mm (3.2 in) | 786% | 28 |
| Colstrip | United States | 99.1 mm (3.9 in) | 13.6 mm (0.5 in) | 731% | 29 |
| Millungera Station | Australia | 652.0 mm (25.7 in) | 93.5 mm (3.7 in) | 697% | 29 |
| Lands End Station | Australia | 406.4 mm (16.0 in) | 58.9 mm (2.3 in) | 690% | 28 |
| Bingil Bay | Australia | 1,522.2 mm (59.9 in) | 233.2 mm (9.2 in) | 653% | 30 |
| Montpellier-Aeroport | France | 302.1 mm (11.9 in) | 57.1 mm (2.2 in) | 529% | 30 |
| Havre AP ASOS | United States | 53.5 mm (2.1 in) | 10.2 mm (0.4 in) | 527% | 30 |
| Yappar River | Australia | 468.0 mm (18.4 in) | 98.8 mm (3.9 in) | 474% | 27 |
Driest Against Normal
| Station | Country | Rain | Normal | Percent of normal | Years of normal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burketown Post Office | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 142.8 mm (5.6 in) | 0% | 30 |
| Capalaba Water Treat | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 131.8 mm (5.2 in) | 0% | 28 |
| Jessieville | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 118.4 mm (4.7 in) | 0% | 26 |
| Lorraine | Australia | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 101.6 mm (4.0 in) | 0% | 26 |
| Mammoth Spring | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 92.7 mm (3.6 in) | 0% | 29 |
| Gilbert | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 92.3 mm (3.6 in) | 0% | 30 |
| Tecumseh 1W | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 77.5 mm (3.1 in) | 0% | 29 |
| Omaha | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 76.8 mm (3.0 in) | 0% | 28 |
| Lehigh 4 SW | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 76.5 mm (3.0 in) | 0% | 29 |
| Spavinaw | United States | 0.0 mm (0.00 in) | 72.0 mm (2.8 in) | 0% | 27 |
Weather Records
38,639 set or tied in December 202538,639 weather records were set or tied in December 2025, including 28,764 record highs and 3,516 record lows of maximum and minimum temperature, and 31 all-time records. Every record of the month is in the records ledger for December 2025.
| Record high maximum temperature | |
|---|---|
| Record high minimum temperature | |
| Record daily precipitation | |
| Record low maximum temperature | |
| Record low minimum temperature | |
| Record snow depth | |
| Record daily snowfall |
| Daily | |
|---|---|
| Monthly | |
| All-time |
December Against the Ten Years Before
| Year | Record highs, percent of highs and lows |
|---|---|
| 2015 | 94.8% |
| 2016 | 66.3% |
| 2017 | 63.2% |
| 2018 | 78.9% |
| 2019 | 87.9% |
| 2020 | 78.9% |
| 2021 | 84.2% |
| 2022 | 53.5% |
| 2023 | 87.2% |
| 2024 | 88.9% |
| 2025 | 89.7% |
In December 2025, 90% of the daily temperature records were record highs (8.7 to 1 highs to lows), against an average of 78% for December in 2015 to 2024.
The Top 10 Records of December 2025
| Date | Station | Country | Record | Value | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025-12-24 | Sapphire (Argyle) | Australia | Monthly precipitation | 110.0 mm (4.3 in) | 79 of 100 (Major) |
| 2025-12-26 | Teriberka | Russia | Daily precipitation | 14.2 mm (0.6 in) | 78 of 100 (Major) |
| 2025-12-05 | Newberry | United States | Daily precipitation | 88.9 mm (3.5 in) | 77 of 100 (Major) |
| 2025-12-05 | Napoleon | United States | Daily precipitation | 25.4 mm (1.0 in) | 76 of 100 (Major) |
| 2025-12-12 | Colstrip | United States | Daily precipitation | 22.1 mm (0.9 in) | 75 of 100 (Major) |
| 2025-12-29 | Craig | United States | Daily precipitation | 89.2 mm (3.5 in) | 75 of 100 (Major) |
| 2025-12-11 | St Marie | United States | Monthly precipitation | 17.3 mm (0.7 in) | 74 of 100 (Major) |
| 2025-12-22 | Wodonga Express | Australia | Daily precipitation | 69.0 mm (2.7 in) | 74 of 100 (Major) |
| 2025-12-30 | Manfred Downs Station | Australia | Monthly precipitation | 229.4 mm (9.0 in) | 74 of 100 (Major) |
| 2025-12-12 | Billings Wtp | United States | Daily precipitation | 24.9 mm (1.0 in) | 73 of 100 (Major) |
Countries With the Most Records
| Country | Records | Highs | Lows |
|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 31,147 | 23,309 | 2,855 |
| Australia | 1,599 | 477 | 405 |
| Germany | 1,267 | 1,211 | 8 |
| Finland | 736 | 623 | 10 |
| Sweden | 710 | 548 | 2 |
| Norway | 493 | 390 | 3 |
| Japan | 470 | 436 | 34 |
| China | 238 | 211 | 27 |
| United Kingdom | 176 | 143 | 1 |
| France | 139 | 122 | 0 |
| Mongolia | 139 | 101 | 35 |
| Russia | 133 | 66 | 11 |
| Netherlands | 120 | 108 | 5 |
| Spain | 119 | 67 | 15 |
| Kazakhstan | 101 | 100 | 1 |
Events and Storms
6 named storms had a best track position in December 2025; 4 peaked at 64 kt (119 km/h, 74 mph) or more and 1 at 96 kt (178 km/h, 110 mph) or more over their lifetime.
| Storm | Basin | Lifetime peak wind | Category at peak |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iggy | South-West Indian | 45 kt (83 km/h, 52 mph) | Tropical storm |
| Hayley | South-West Indian | 90 kt (167 km/h, 104 mph) | Category 2 |
| Grant | South-West Indian | 119 kt (220 km/h, 137 mph) | Category 4 |
| Bakung | South-West Indian | 90 kt (167 km/h, 104 mph) | Category 2 |
| Ditwah | North Indian | 40 kt (74 km/h, 46 mph) | Tropical storm |
| Koto | Western North Pacific | 75 kt (139 km/h, 86 mph) | Category 1 |
December 2025 in Context
These values come from other sources and the site's own analysis pages. They are context for December 2025; this page does not say that any of them caused the temperatures or records above.
How These Numbers Are Made
Each station's mean daily maximum and minimum temperature for December 2025 is compared with its own mean for December in 1991 to 2020, from months with at least 20 days of both. A station needs 20 such years for a normal. The mean is the average of the two differences. A station month more than 15 C (27 F) from its normal in either element is treated as a data error and left out.
For the world and each continent, stations are averaged within 5 degree grid cells and the cells are averaged weighted by the cosine of their latitude, so dense networks do not outweigh sparse ones. A continent uses the stations of its own countries. A year gets a value and a rank only when its cells hold at least 50% of the weight of all the cells that have ever had data for December, the rule of the climate pages. This is a station based view: places without stations are not covered, and it is not a gridded temperature analysis.
Records are the site's public ledger: one record per observation, set or tied, at its broadest timescale. The ten year comparison uses daily temperature records only, ties excluded. The numbers and sentences on this page are generated by code from the station data; none of them is typed in by hand.
Download the Data
More Months
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Source: International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) v04r01, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, doi:10.25921/82ty-9e16. Some agency values come from third parties such as JMA, IMD and BoM. (NOAA NCEI terms (citation requested)) Source: NOAA Climate Prediction Center, Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) and Relative Oceanic Nino Index (RONI). Episodes and strength classes are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not NOAA products. (US Government work, public domain (NWS disclaimer)) Source: Fetterer, F., Knowles, K., Meier, W. N., Savoie, M., Windnagel, A. K. and Stafford, T. (2025). Sea Ice Index, Version 4 (G02135). Boulder, Colorado USA. National Snow and Ice Data Center. doi:10.7265/a98x-0f50. Yearly extremes, ranks, trends and the climatology are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor from the daily extent files and are not NSIDC products. (NSIDC data use and citation policy (public domain government funded data, citation required)) Source: NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, Earth System Research Laboratories (gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends). Mauna Loa CO2 data are from NOAA and Scripps (before 1974 the monthly values come from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography). The global means of CO2, methane and nitrous oxide are from the NOAA GML cooperative air sampling network (methane and nitrous oxide: Lan, Thoning and Dlugokencky, doi:10.15138/P8XG-AA10). (US Government open data (NOAA GML, citation requested)) Data as of 2026-11-09. Temperatures against normal, ranks and records are computed by this site from station data and are not official.