Record envelope, standing records and threshold days for Lake Wilson (USC00214534), Minnesota, United States, with 54 years of record.
Key Facts for Lake Wilson
Lake Wilson (USC00214534) is a weather station in Minnesota, United States at 44.00 latitude and -95.95 longitude, 504 m (1,653 ft) above sea level.
The station reports from 1973 to 2026, 54 years of record.
1,464 records set at Lake Wilson still stand.
Records are tracked for tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd: an element needs 30 years of data to be eligible.
Lake Wilson set a daily record low maximum temperature of 21.1 C (70.0 F) on 1 August 2026.
About the Station
Location: Minnesota, United States, 44.00 latitude, -95.95 longitude.
Elevation: 504 m (1,653 ft).
Period of record: 1973 to 2026, 54 years.
Eligible elements: tmax, tmin, prcp, snow, snwd.
Daily Record Envelope and 2026
16 days at or beyond a record
Record highRecord low2026 daily maximum2026 daily minimum
The band shows the record high and record low for each calendar day at Lake Wilson. The lines show the 2026 daily maximum and minimum. 16 days in 2026 matched or passed a record. Temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
Daily record high and record low at Lake Wilson, with 2026 drawn through them
Month
Highest record high
Lowest record low
2026 highest maximum
2026 lowest minimum
Jan
17.8 C (64.0 F)
-36.1 C (-33.0 F)
7.2 C (45.0 F)
-29.4 C (-20.9 F)
Feb
21.1 C (70.0 F)
-32.2 C (-26.0 F)
15.6 C (60.1 F)
-18.3 C (-0.9 F)
Mar
28.3 C (82.9 F)
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
26.7 C (80.1 F)
-19.4 C (-2.9 F)
Apr
32.8 C (91.0 F)
-15.0 C (5.0 F)
27.2 C (81.0 F)
-11.1 C (12.0 F)
May
35.6 C (96.1 F)
-5.6 C (21.9 F)
31.7 C (89.1 F)
-1.7 C (28.9 F)
Jun
40.6 C (105.1 F)
2.2 C (36.0 F)
32.2 C (90.0 F)
8.9 C (48.0 F)
Jul
40.0 C (104.0 F)
6.1 C (43.0 F)
32.8 C (91.0 F)
7.2 C (45.0 F)
Aug
37.8 C (100.0 F)
1.1 C (34.0 F)
31.7 C (89.1 F)
7.8 C (46.0 F)
Sep
38.3 C (100.9 F)
-5.0 C (23.0 F)
18.9 C (66.0 F)
9.4 C (48.9 F)
Oct
33.3 C (91.9 F)
-13.3 C (8.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Nov
26.1 C (79.0 F)
-26.7 C (-16.1 F)
n/a
n/a
Dec
17.8 C (64.0 F)
-33.3 C (-27.9 F)
n/a
n/a
Which Years Hold Standing Records
1,464 standing records
Year with most
1,464 records at Lake Wilson still stand. 2012 holds the most, with 50.
Standing records at Lake Wilson by the year they were set
Year set
Standing records
1973
14
1974
42
1975
27
1976
42
1977
26
1978
18
1979
29
1980
14
1981
36
1982
20
1983
39
1984
23
1985
33
1986
15
1987
37
1988
46
1989
28
1990
36
1991
45
1992
36
1993
24
1994
31
1995
2
1996
12
1997
27
1998
32
1999
21
2000
41
2001
23
2002
26
2003
22
2004
25
2005
28
2006
27
2007
26
2008
16
2009
25
2010
20
2011
27
2012
50
2013
40
2014
30
2015
21
2016
14
2017
23
2018
25
2019
23
2020
40
2021
28
2022
15
2023
39
2024
17
2025
23
2026
15
All-Time Record Progression
6 new records
6 all-time records were set at Lake Wilson between 2 March 2007 and 23 August 2023. Each dot is a new record.
When Lake Wilson set new all-time records
Date
Kind
Detail
2007-03-02
Record daily snowfall
Record daily snowfall 45.7 cm (18.0 in)
2009-01-15
Record low minimum temperature
Record low minimum temperature -34.4 C (-29.9 F)
2010-01-02
Record low minimum temperature
Record low minimum temperature -36.1 C (-33.0 F)
2019-02-25
Record snow depth
Record snow depth 71.1 cm (28.0 in)
2019-03-09
Record snow depth
Record snow depth 73.7 cm (29.0 in)
2023-08-23
Record high minimum temperature
Record high minimum temperature 26.7 C (80.1 F)
Wettest Day of Each Month
Aug: 111.8 mm (4.4 in)
The wettest day on record for each calendar month at Lake Wilson. The most was 111.8 mm (4.4 in) on 10 August 1994.
Record daily precipitation for each month at Lake Wilson
Month
Record daily precipitation (mm)
Date
Jan
30.5 mm (1.2 in)
23 January 2010
Feb
40.6 mm (1.6 in)
10 February 2009
Mar
50.8 mm (2.0 in)
2 March 2007
Apr
80.0 mm (3.1 in)
23 April 2001
May
96.0 mm (3.8 in)
6 May 2012
Jun
99.1 mm (3.9 in)
15 June 2014
Jul
74.9 mm (2.9 in)
6 July 2015
Aug
111.8 mm (4.4 in)
10 August 1994
Sep
111.8 mm (4.4 in)
23 September 2010
Oct
100.8 mm (4.0 in)
31 October 1979
Nov
76.2 mm (3.0 in)
1 November 1991
Dec
24.6 mm (1.0 in)
31 December 2006
Period of Record Coverage
1973 to 2026
Complete yearUnder 90 percent of days
54 years of record at Lake Wilson, 1973 to 2026. 5 years have data for under 90 percent of days and are left out of rankings: 1973, 1995, 1996, 2002, 2026.
Cooler than the station meanWarmer than the station mean
One stripe for each of 47 complete years at Lake Wilson, 1974 to 2025. Blue stripes are years cooler than the station's own mean of 7.0 C (44.6 F); red stripes are warmer. The coolest year was 2019, at 4.7 C (40.5 F), and the warmest was 1987, at 9.7 C (49.5 F). The strongest colour marks a difference of 2.8 C (5.0 F).
Annual mean temperature at Lake Wilson as warming stripes, 1974 to 2025
Year
Annual mean temperature
Difference from the station mean
1974
7.4 C
+0.39 C
1975
6.7 C
-0.32 C
1976
7.5 C
+0.53 C
1977
7.5 C
+0.51 C
1978
6.2 C
-0.76 C
1979
5.5 C
-1.51 C
1981
8.4 C
+1.38 C
1982
6.4 C
-0.58 C
1983
7.0 C
-0.02 C
1984
7.2 C
+0.24 C
1985
6.3 C
-0.66 C
1986
7.8 C
+0.77 C
1987
9.7 C
+2.73 C
1988
7.8 C
+0.78 C
1989
6.7 C
-0.32 C
1990
8.3 C
+1.33 C
1991
7.6 C
+0.62 C
1992
6.4 C
-0.61 C
1993
4.8 C
-2.20 C
1994
6.3 C
-0.72 C
1997
6.0 C
-0.97 C
1998
8.3 C
+1.28 C
1999
8.0 C
+1.02 C
2000
6.9 C
-0.07 C
2001
7.2 C
+0.25 C
2003
6.8 C
-0.23 C
2004
7.1 C
+0.13 C
2005
8.0 C
+1.04 C
2006
8.2 C
+1.18 C
2007
7.5 C
+0.49 C
2008
5.7 C
-1.33 C
2009
5.8 C
-1.17 C
2010
6.9 C
-0.10 C
2011
6.6 C
-0.36 C
2012
9.1 C
+2.11 C
2013
5.8 C
-1.24 C
2014
5.3 C
-1.68 C
2015
7.8 C
+0.84 C
2016
8.0 C
+1.01 C
2017
6.9 C
-0.14 C
2018
5.3 C
-1.74 C
2019
4.7 C
-2.27 C
2020
6.7 C
-0.30 C
2021
7.5 C
+0.48 C
2022
6.2 C
-0.76 C
2023
7.5 C
+0.50 C
2025
7.4 C
+0.36 C
The fitted trend in annual mean temperature here over 1974 to 2025 is -0.1 C (-0.3 to 0.1) per decade. The interval includes zero, so the trend is not clearly different from zero. In Fahrenheit: -0.2 F (-0.5 to 0.2) per decade. The slope is a straight line fitted to 47 complete years; the brackets give its 95 percent interval.
Fitted temperature trends per decade at Lake Wilson
Measure
Per decade (C)
Per decade (F)
Period
Complete years
Reading
Annual mean temperature
-0.1 C (-0.3 to 0.1) per decade
-0.2 F (-0.5 to 0.2) per decade
1974 to 2025
47
Not clearly different from zero
Mean daily maximum
-0.2 C (-0.4 to 0.1) per decade
-0.3 F (-0.7 to 0.1) per decade
1974 to 2025
47
Not clearly different from zero
Mean daily minimum
-0.02 C (-0.21 to 0.18) per decade
-0.04 F (-0.39 to 0.32) per decade
1974 to 2025
47
Not clearly different from zero
A year is complete when all 12 months have at least 20 days of both daily maximum and daily minimum readings. The annual mean is the mean of the monthly means. The trend describes this one station over this period; it does not say what caused the change.
Extremes by Year
1973 to 2026
Yearly extremes at Lake Wilson: the record and the median year
Measure
Record
Year of the record
Median year
Years with a value
Hottest day (TXx)
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1988
35.6 C (96.1 F)
54
Coldest night (TNn)
-36.1 C (-33.0 F)
2010
-29.4 C (-20.9 F)
54
Wettest day (Rx1day)
111.8 mm (4.4 in)
1994
60.7 mm (2.4 in)
54
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
203.8 mm (8.0 in)
2014
84.6 mm (3.3 in)
54
Longest dry spell (CDD)
58 days
1987
29 days
54
Hottest day (TXx)
The hottest day of the year at Lake Wilson, 1973 to 2026. The record is 40.6 C (105.1 F) in 1988, marked on the chart; the median year is 35.6 C (96.1 F).
Hottest day (TXx) at Lake Wilson by year
Year
Hottest day (TXx)
1973
37.8 C (100.0 F)
1974
37.8 C (100.0 F)
1975
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1976
40.0 C (104.0 F)
1977
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1978
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1979
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1980
36.1 C (97.0 F)
1981
35.0 C (95.0 F)
1982
36.7 C (98.1 F)
1983
35.0 C (95.0 F)
1984
36.1 C (97.0 F)
1985
35.0 C (95.0 F)
1986
33.3 C (91.9 F)
1987
35.0 C (95.0 F)
1988
40.6 C (105.1 F)
1989
38.3 C (100.9 F)
1990
38.9 C (102.0 F)
1991
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1992
32.2 C (90.0 F)
1993
32.2 C (90.0 F)
1994
34.4 C (93.9 F)
1995
25.0 C (77.0 F)
1996
31.7 C (89.1 F)
1997
34.4 C (93.9 F)
1998
35.6 C (96.1 F)
1999
35.6 C (96.1 F)
2000
37.2 C (99.0 F)
2001
35.6 C (96.1 F)
2002
36.7 C (98.1 F)
2003
36.7 C (98.1 F)
2004
33.9 C (93.0 F)
2005
34.4 C (93.9 F)
2006
36.1 C (97.0 F)
2007
36.1 C (97.0 F)
2008
33.3 C (91.9 F)
2009
33.3 C (91.9 F)
2010
33.9 C (93.0 F)
2011
37.2 C (99.0 F)
2012
36.7 C (98.1 F)
2013
35.6 C (96.1 F)
2014
32.2 C (90.0 F)
2015
36.7 C (98.1 F)
2016
35.6 C (96.1 F)
2017
33.9 C (93.0 F)
2018
35.6 C (96.1 F)
2019
33.9 C (93.0 F)
2020
35.6 C (96.1 F)
2021
35.6 C (96.1 F)
2022
37.8 C (100.0 F)
2023
37.2 C (99.0 F)
2024
32.8 C (91.0 F)
2025
35.6 C (96.1 F)
2026
32.8 C (91.0 F)
Coldest night (TNn)
The coldest night of the year at Lake Wilson, 1973 to 2026. The record is -36.1 C (-33.0 F) in 2010, marked on the chart; the median year is -29.4 C (-20.9 F).
Coldest night (TNn) at Lake Wilson by year
Year
Coldest night (TNn)
1973
-31.7 C (-25.1 F)
1974
-33.3 C (-27.9 F)
1975
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
1976
-30.6 C (-23.1 F)
1977
-32.8 C (-27.0 F)
1978
-29.4 C (-20.9 F)
1979
-32.2 C (-26.0 F)
1980
-26.1 C (-15.0 F)
1981
-31.1 C (-24.0 F)
1982
-33.9 C (-29.0 F)
1983
-33.3 C (-27.9 F)
1984
-32.2 C (-26.0 F)
1985
-32.8 C (-27.0 F)
1986
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
1987
-28.3 C (-18.9 F)
1988
-33.9 C (-29.0 F)
1989
-32.8 C (-27.0 F)
1990
-32.2 C (-26.0 F)
1991
-25.6 C (-14.1 F)
1992
-26.7 C (-16.1 F)
1993
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
1994
-32.8 C (-27.0 F)
1995
-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
1996
-27.8 C (-18.0 F)
1997
-27.8 C (-18.0 F)
1998
-28.3 C (-18.9 F)
1999
-29.4 C (-20.9 F)
2000
-28.3 C (-18.9 F)
2001
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
2002
-21.7 C (-7.1 F)
2003
-26.7 C (-16.1 F)
2004
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
2005
-28.3 C (-18.9 F)
2006
-25.0 C (-13.0 F)
2007
-27.2 C (-17.0 F)
2008
-30.0 C (-22.0 F)
2009
-34.4 C (-29.9 F)
2010
-36.1 C (-33.0 F)
2011
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
2012
-27.2 C (-17.0 F)
2013
-28.9 C (-20.0 F)
2014
-31.1 C (-24.0 F)
2015
-26.7 C (-16.1 F)
2016
-32.2 C (-26.0 F)
2017
-31.7 C (-25.1 F)
2018
-31.7 C (-25.1 F)
2019
-35.6 C (-32.1 F)
2020
-28.3 C (-18.9 F)
2021
-32.2 C (-26.0 F)
2022
-29.4 C (-20.9 F)
2023
-25.6 C (-14.1 F)
2024
-25.6 C (-14.1 F)
2025
-29.4 C (-20.9 F)
2026
-29.4 C (-20.9 F)
Wettest day (Rx1day)
The wettest day of the year at Lake Wilson, 1973 to 2026. The record is 111.8 mm (4.4 in) in 1994, marked on the chart; the median year is 60.7 mm (2.4 in).
Wettest day (Rx1day) at Lake Wilson by year
Year
Wettest day (Rx1day)
1973
49.8 mm (2.0 in)
1974
42.4 mm (1.7 in)
1975
91.7 mm (3.6 in)
1976
39.1 mm (1.5 in)
1977
62.2 mm (2.4 in)
1978
59.7 mm (2.4 in)
1979
100.8 mm (4.0 in)
1980
57.4 mm (2.3 in)
1981
46.5 mm (1.8 in)
1982
46.0 mm (1.8 in)
1983
31.0 mm (1.2 in)
1984
57.4 mm (2.3 in)
1985
77.5 mm (3.1 in)
1986
66.0 mm (2.6 in)
1987
43.4 mm (1.7 in)
1988
41.4 mm (1.6 in)
1989
58.2 mm (2.3 in)
1990
35.8 mm (1.4 in)
1991
76.2 mm (3.0 in)
1992
108.0 mm (4.3 in)
1993
74.9 mm (2.9 in)
1994
111.8 mm (4.4 in)
1995
43.2 mm (1.7 in)
1996
53.8 mm (2.1 in)
1997
50.8 mm (2.0 in)
1998
77.5 mm (3.1 in)
1999
50.8 mm (2.0 in)
2000
69.9 mm (2.8 in)
2001
80.0 mm (3.1 in)
2002
73.7 mm (2.9 in)
2003
102.4 mm (4.0 in)
2004
83.8 mm (3.3 in)
2005
64.8 mm (2.6 in)
2006
64.8 mm (2.6 in)
2007
50.8 mm (2.0 in)
2008
50.0 mm (2.0 in)
2009
40.6 mm (1.6 in)
2010
111.8 mm (4.4 in)
2011
77.5 mm (3.1 in)
2012
96.0 mm (3.8 in)
2013
59.7 mm (2.4 in)
2014
99.1 mm (3.9 in)
2015
74.9 mm (2.9 in)
2016
38.1 mm (1.5 in)
2017
63.5 mm (2.5 in)
2018
94.0 mm (3.7 in)
2019
108.7 mm (4.3 in)
2020
56.6 mm (2.2 in)
2021
78.7 mm (3.1 in)
2022
48.8 mm (1.9 in)
2023
37.3 mm (1.5 in)
2024
59.4 mm (2.3 in)
2025
61.7 mm (2.4 in)
2026
59.7 mm (2.4 in)
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
The wettest five days of the year at Lake Wilson, 1973 to 2026. The record is 203.8 mm (8.0 in) in 2014, marked on the chart; the median year is 84.6 mm (3.3 in).
Wettest five days (Rx5day) at Lake Wilson by year
Year
Wettest five days (Rx5day)
1973
64.8 mm (2.6 in)
1974
80.0 mm (3.1 in)
1975
150.4 mm (5.9 in)
1976
39.1 mm (1.5 in)
1977
71.2 mm (2.8 in)
1978
92.5 mm (3.6 in)
1979
150.5 mm (5.9 in)
1980
82.0 mm (3.2 in)
1981
71.6 mm (2.8 in)
1982
60.2 mm (2.4 in)
1983
87.2 mm (3.4 in)
1984
105.6 mm (4.2 in)
1985
84.1 mm (3.3 in)
1986
135.4 mm (5.3 in)
1987
72.6 mm (2.9 in)
1988
65.6 mm (2.6 in)
1989
64.6 mm (2.5 in)
1990
60.9 mm (2.4 in)
1991
85.1 mm (3.4 in)
1992
115.6 mm (4.6 in)
1993
147.6 mm (5.8 in)
1994
115.6 mm (4.6 in)
1995
68.3 mm (2.7 in)
1996
88.9 mm (3.5 in)
1997
63.5 mm (2.5 in)
1998
86.4 mm (3.4 in)
1999
69.9 mm (2.8 in)
2000
102.2 mm (4.0 in)
2001
122.5 mm (4.8 in)
2002
76.5 mm (3.0 in)
2003
139.7 mm (5.5 in)
2004
99.5 mm (3.9 in)
2005
111.0 mm (4.4 in)
2006
99.6 mm (3.9 in)
2007
75.4 mm (3.0 in)
2008
77.9 mm (3.1 in)
2009
47.5 mm (1.9 in)
2010
150.9 mm (5.9 in)
2011
19.3 mm (0.8 in)
2012
135.4 mm (5.3 in)
2013
82.0 mm (3.2 in)
2014
203.8 mm (8.0 in)
2015
76.9 mm (3.0 in)
2016
57.9 mm (2.3 in)
2017
91.2 mm (3.6 in)
2018
183.4 mm (7.2 in)
2019
173.4 mm (6.8 in)
2020
84.1 mm (3.3 in)
2021
101.6 mm (4.0 in)
2022
66.8 mm (2.6 in)
2023
58.4 mm (2.3 in)
2024
135.6 mm (5.3 in)
2025
107.9 mm (4.2 in)
2026
62.7 mm (2.5 in)
Longest dry spell (CDD)
The longest dry spell of the year at Lake Wilson, 1973 to 2026. The record is 58 days in 1987, marked on the chart; the median year is 29 days.
Longest dry spell (CDD) at Lake Wilson by year
Year
Longest dry spell (CDD)
1973
23 days
1974
31 days
1975
15 days
1976
38 days
1977
18 days
1978
35 days
1979
35 days
1980
38 days
1981
28 days
1982
31 days
1983
20 days
1984
37 days
1985
31 days
1986
41 days
1987
58 days
1988
36 days
1989
38 days
1990
26 days
1991
37 days
1992
23 days
1993
24 days
1994
31 days
1995
32 days
1996
13 days
1997
23 days
1998
29 days
1999
53 days
2000
22 days
2001
23 days
2002
42 days
2003
20 days
2004
26 days
2005
19 days
2006
39 days
2007
42 days
2008
28 days
2009
26 days
2010
29 days
2011
1 day
2012
25 days
2013
27 days
2014
18 days
2015
23 days
2016
18 days
2017
51 days
2018
24 days
2019
27 days
2020
42 days
2021
26 days
2022
29 days
2023
50 days
2024
37 days
2025
38 days
2026
44 days
Each chart shows one value per year; the dot marks the record year. TXx is the hottest daily maximum, TNn the coldest daily minimum, Rx1day and Rx5day the largest one-day and five-day rain totals, and CDD the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain. A year with missing days can understate an extreme.
Frost Dates and Growing Season
47 years with a frost
Across 47 years with a frost, the median last spring frost at Lake Wilson falls on 6 May and the median first autumn frost on 2 October, which leaves a median of 150 days between them.
Fitted over all years, the growing season changes by +1.7 days per decade at this station.
Frost dates and growing season at Lake Wilson
Measure
Median, all years
Earliest period
Recent period (1992 to 2025)
Recent against earliest
Fitted trend
Last spring frost
6 May
n/a
7 May
n/a
+0.6 days per decade
First autumn frost
2 October
n/a
2 October
n/a
+2.3 days per decade
Growing days
150 days
n/a
153 days
n/a
+1.7 days per decade
A frost day is a day with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F). The last spring frost and the first autumn frost are the last and first such days of the cold season, and growing days are the days between them. A negative trend for the last spring frost means it comes earlier.
Rainfall Return Levels
49 years, 1974 to 2025
A day with at least 63.8 mm (2.5 in) of rain is expected about once in 2 years. A day with at least 134.8 mm (5.3 in) of rain is expected about once in 100 years.
Rainfall return levels at Lake Wilson: the daily rain expected about once in a given number of years
Expected about once in
A day with at least
Note
2 years
63.8 mm (2.5 in)
5 years
84.8 mm (3.3 in)
10 years
97.8 mm (3.9 in)
25 years
113.4 mm (4.5 in)
50 years
124.4 mm (4.9 in)
Longer than the 49 years of record
100 years
134.8 mm (5.3 in)
Longer than the 49 years of record
The levels come from a generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution fitted by L-moments to the wettest-day total of each year, 49 years of values from 1974 to 2025.
A return level is an estimate. It is least reliable for the long periods, 50 and 100 years, and for any period longer than the record behind the fit, where the fit has to reach past the largest day actually observed. It is not a forecast.
The largest wettest-day totals in the fit: 111.8 mm (4.4 in) in 1994; 111.8 mm (4.4 in) in 2010; 108.7 mm (4.3 in) in 2019.
Station Changes
No change in the annual mean temperature of this station was found against its neighbours.
Climate Twins
2010 to 2025 against 1961 to 1990
Over 2010 to 2025, Lake Wilson had a mean temperature of 6.8 C (44.2 F) and 749.4 mm (29.5 in) of rain a year. The 3 stations whose 1961 to 1990 climate was closest to that are Zumbrota (United States, 264 km away), Estherville 4E (United States, 117 km away) and Winnebago (United States, 145 km away).
Climate twins of Lake Wilson: stations whose 1961 to 1990 climate is closest to its 2010 to 2025 climate
Twins are stations, not cities. A twin is one of the three stations at least 100 km away whose earlier climate is closest to this station's recent one, so a close match does not mean the two places look alike in other ways. A station move or a gap in a record can change that station's averages. The list describes past climate; it is not a forecast and does not say what caused any change. How twins are found, and a search for any station.
Download the Data
Data for Lake Wilson standing records by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Data for Lake Wilson threshold days by year: CSV or JSON. Field meanings are on the data page.
Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Global Historical Climatology Network Daily (GHCN-Daily). Records are computed by World Extreme Weather Monitor and are not official NOAA products. (US Government open data (NOAA NCEI)) Data as of 2026-10-13 (13 October 2026). Records are computed by this site and are not official.