Key Facts

From 1951 to 2025, long-record stations in France warmed by +0.32 C per decade (+0.57 F) (95 percent interval +0.25 to +0.39 C), from 40 stations measured against each station's own 1961-1990 mean.
The latest year in the series for France, 2025, was +2.19 C against the 1961-1990 mean.
In France the daily maximum rose faster than the daily minimum, by 0.03 C per decade (the two intervals overlap).
Of 45 stations in France with at least 50 complete years of record, 21 had 2022 as their warmest year.
In France, the mean annual temperature of 38 stations changed by +1.74 C between the 1961-1990 and 2011-2025 periods.

Warming

France, against 1961-1990

Annual mean temperature of the long-record stations in France as a difference from each station's own 1961-1990 mean, 1951 to 2025. 40 stations in 6 grid cells of 5 by 5 degrees, area weighted. Years with too little coverage are left blank and the line or columns are not drawn across the gap; the earliest and latest years can rest on fewer of these stations than the middle years. The station set does not change from year to year. Zero line: each station's own 1961-1990 mean.

Annual mean temperature against the 1961-1990 mean, France
Year	Difference from the 1961-1990 mean
1951	-0.06 C
1952	+0.02 C
1953	+0.04 C
1954	-0.44 C
1955	0.00 C
1956	-1.16 C
1957	+0.13 C
1958	+0.02 C
1959	+0.74 C
1960	+0.04 C
1961	+0.77 C
1962	-0.72 C
1963	-1.12 C
1964	-0.04 C
1965	-0.51 C
1966	+0.25 C
1967	+0.13 C
1968	-0.19 C
1969	-0.23 C
1970	-0.10 C
1971	-0.13 C
1972	-0.46 C
1973	-0.15 C
1974	+0.04 C
1975	-0.01 C
1976	+0.25 C
1977	+0.06 C
1978	-0.40 C
1979	-0.27 C
1980	-0.55 C
1981	+0.07 C
1982	+0.73 C
1983	+0.49 C
1984	-0.20 C
1985	-0.43 C
1986	-0.20 C
1987	-0.13 C
1988	+0.63 C
1989	+1.12 C
1990	+1.15 C
1991	+0.07 C
1992	+0.58 C
1993	+0.24 C
1994	+1.39 C
1995	+0.97 C
1996	-0.03 C
1997	+1.23 C
1998	+0.71 C
1999	+1.13 C
2000	+1.24 C
2001	+0.91 C
2002	+1.29 C
2003	+1.55 C
2004	+0.81 C
2005	+0.75 C
2006	+1.37 C
2007	+1.16 C
2008	+0.79 C
2009	+1.10 C
2010	0.00 C
2011	+1.72 C
2012	+0.95 C
2013	+0.55 C
2014	+1.91 C
2015	+1.65 C
2016	+1.29 C
2017	+1.53 C
2018	+1.98 C
2019	+1.80 C
2020	+2.19 C
2021	+1.12 C
2022	+2.60 C
2023	+2.49 C
2024	+2.08 C
2025	+2.19 C

From 1951 to 2025, the long-record stations in France warmed by +0.32 C per decade (+0.57 F) (95 percent interval +0.25 to +0.39 C), from 40 stations in 6 grid cells of 5 by 5 degrees, each measured against its own 1961-1990 mean.

The latest year in the series, 2025, was +2.2 C (+3.9 F) against the 1961-1990 mean.

The five warmest years in the series are 2022 (+2.60 C), 2023 (+2.49 C), 2025 (+2.19 C), 2020 (+2.19 C) and 2024 (+2.08 C).

Trend

Warming trend per decade, France
Measure	Trend per decade (C)	95% interval (C)	Years	Stations
Annual mean temperature	+0.32	+0.25 to +0.39	1951 to 2025	40

Warmest and coolest years in the series

Warmest and coolest years of the 1961-1990 anomaly series, France
Rank	Warmest year	Difference from mean	Coolest year	Difference from mean
1	2022	+2.60 C	1956	-1.16 C
2	2023	+2.49 C	1963	-1.12 C
3	2025	+2.19 C	1962	-0.72 C
4	2020	+2.19 C	1980	-0.55 C
5	2024	+2.08 C	1965	-0.51 C

40 stations in 6 grid cells of 5 by 5 degrees. Each station is compared with its own 1961-1990 mean, so stations at different heights and latitudes can be averaged. Stations are averaged within each grid cell and cells are weighted by the cosine of latitude.

Warmest Years

France, 45 stations

For each year 1921 to 2025, the number of the 45 stations in France with at least 50 complete years of record that had it as their warmest year on record. A station counts once, so the bars add up to 45.

Stations that had each year as their warmest on record, France
Year	Stations with this as their warmest year
1921	0
1922	0
1923	0
1924	0
1925	0
1926	0
1927	0
1928	0
1929	0
1930	0
1931	0
1932	0
1933	0
1934	0
1935	0
1936	0
1937	0
1938	0
1939	0
1940	0
1941	0
1942	0
1943	0
1944	0
1945	0
1946	0
1947	0
1948	0
1949	0
1950	0
1951	0
1952	0
1953	0
1954	0
1955	0
1956	0
1957	0
1958	0
1959	0
1960	0
1961	0
1962	0
1963	0
1964	0
1965	0
1966	0
1967	0
1968	0
1969	0
1970	0
1971	0
1972	0
1973	0
1974	0
1975	0
1976	0
1977	0
1978	0
1979	0
1980	0
1981	0
1982	0
1983	0
1984	0
1985	0
1986	0
1987	0
1988	0
1989	0
1990	0
1991	0
1992	0
1993	0
1994	2
1995	0
1996	0
1997	2
1998	0
1999	0
2000	0
2001	0
2002	0
2003	1
2004	0
2005	0
2006	0
2007	0
2008	0
2009	0
2010	0
2011	0
2012	0
2013	0
2014	0
2015	0
2016	0
2017	0
2018	0
2019	1
2020	2
2021	0
2022	21
2023	15
2024	0
2025	1

Of the 45 stations in France with at least 50 complete years of record, 21 (46.7%) had 2022 as their warmest year on record.

The years that were the warmest on record at the most stations are 2022 (21 stations), 2023 (15 stations), 2020 (2 stations), 1997 (2 stations) and 1994 (2 stations).

39 of the 45 stations (86.7%) had their warmest year in the 2020s. That decade is not over.

By decade

Stations by the decade of their warmest year, France
Decade	Stations with their warmest year in it	Share of stations	Stations with one of their five warmest years in it
1920s	0	0.0%	1
1930s	0	0.0%	0
1940s	0	0.0%	3
1950s	0	0.0%	0
1960s	0	0.0%	0
1970s	0	0.0%	0
1980s	0	0.0%	5
1990s	4	8.9%	12
2000s	1	2.2%	7
2010s	1	2.2%	37
2020s (to date)	39	86.7%	160

The set is the 45 stations with at least 50 complete years (all twelve months with 20 or more days of maximum and minimum). A station's warmest year is the one with the highest annual mean temperature, a tie going to the later year. The count describes these stations, not the whole area.

Days and Nights

France, against 1961-1990

Annual mean daily maximum, daily minimum and day-night range of the long-record stations in France as differences from each station's own 1961-1990 mean, 1951 to 2025. 40 stations in 6 grid cells of 5 by 5 degrees, area weighted. The station set does not change from year to year.

Daily maximum, daily minimum and day-night range against the 1961-1990 mean, France
Year	Daily maximum	Daily minimum	Day-night range (maximum minus minimum)
1951	-0.05 C	-0.07 C	+0.02 C
1952	+0.25 C	-0.22 C	+0.47 C
1953	+0.36 C	-0.28 C	+0.65 C
1954	-0.38 C	-0.49 C	+0.12 C
1955	+0.33 C	-0.33 C	+0.67 C
1956	-1.12 C	-1.20 C	+0.09 C
1957	+0.27 C	0.00 C	+0.26 C
1958	-0.12 C	+0.16 C	-0.28 C
1959	+1.15 C	+0.32 C	+0.82 C
1960	-0.04 C	+0.12 C	-0.16 C
1961	+0.99 C	+0.55 C	+0.44 C
1962	-0.65 C	-0.78 C	+0.13 C
1963	-1.27 C	-0.97 C	-0.29 C
1964	-0.07 C	-0.02 C	-0.05 C
1965	-0.69 C	-0.33 C	-0.36 C
1966	+0.03 C	+0.46 C	-0.43 C
1967	+0.15 C	+0.10 C	+0.04 C
1968	-0.30 C	-0.09 C	-0.21 C
1969	-0.23 C	-0.24 C	+0.01 C
1970	-0.13 C	-0.07 C	-0.06 C
1971	+0.13 C	-0.40 C	+0.52 C
1972	-0.50 C	-0.42 C	-0.08 C
1973	+0.07 C	-0.37 C	+0.45 C
1974	-0.05 C	+0.13 C	-0.18 C
1975	-0.02 C	+0.01 C	-0.03 C
1976	+0.56 C	-0.05 C	+0.61 C
1977	-0.10 C	+0.22 C	-0.32 C
1978	-0.44 C	-0.36 C	-0.08 C
1979	-0.38 C	-0.16 C	-0.23 C
1980	-0.70 C	-0.41 C	-0.29 C
1981	-0.07 C	+0.20 C	-0.27 C
1982	+0.74 C	+0.71 C	+0.03 C
1983	+0.53 C	+0.45 C	+0.09 C
1984	-0.23 C	-0.18 C	-0.06 C
1985	-0.25 C	-0.60 C	+0.35 C
1986	-0.25 C	-0.16 C	-0.09 C
1987	-0.38 C	+0.13 C	-0.51 C
1988	+0.45 C	+0.82 C	-0.37 C
1989	+1.48 C	+0.76 C	+0.72 C
1990	+1.38 C	+0.93 C	+0.45 C
1991	+0.07 C	+0.06 C	+0.01 C
1992	+0.44 C	+0.72 C	-0.28 C
1993	+0.11 C	+0.37 C	-0.27 C
1994	+1.19 C	+1.59 C	-0.40 C
1995	+0.98 C	+0.96 C	+0.03 C
1996	-0.12 C	+0.06 C	-0.18 C
1997	+1.43 C	+1.02 C	+0.41 C
1998	+0.71 C	+0.71 C	0.00 C
1999	+1.04 C	+1.23 C	-0.18 C
2000	+1.12 C	+1.37 C	-0.26 C
2001	+0.84 C	+0.98 C	-0.15 C
2002	+1.19 C	+1.38 C	-0.18 C
2003	+1.92 C	+1.18 C	+0.73 C
2004	+0.80 C	+0.82 C	-0.03 C
2005	+0.86 C	+0.63 C	+0.23 C
2006	+1.44 C	+1.30 C	+0.13 C
2007	+1.20 C	+1.13 C	+0.06 C
2008	+0.75 C	+0.83 C	-0.08 C
2009	+1.29 C	+0.90 C	+0.40 C
2010	0.00 C	0.00 C	-0.01 C
2011	+1.97 C	+1.46 C	+0.51 C
2012	+1.02 C	+0.88 C	+0.15 C
2013	+0.43 C	+0.67 C	-0.24 C
2014	+1.97 C	+1.84 C	+0.13 C
2015	+1.89 C	+1.40 C	+0.49 C
2016	+1.36 C	+1.23 C	+0.13 C
2017	+1.82 C	+1.24 C	+0.58 C
2018	+2.16 C	+1.80 C	+0.36 C
2019	+2.15 C	+1.46 C	+0.69 C
2020	+2.50 C	+1.87 C	+0.63 C
2021	+1.27 C	+0.98 C	+0.29 C
2022	+3.12 C	+2.09 C	+1.03 C
2023	+2.70 C	+2.27 C	+0.42 C
2024	+2.00 C	+2.17 C	-0.16 C
2025	+2.50 C	+1.88 C	+0.62 C

From 1951 to 2025, the daily maximum in France changed by +0.33 C per decade (+0.60 F) (95 percent interval +0.25 to +0.41 C) and the daily minimum by +0.30 C per decade (+0.54 F) (95 percent interval +0.24 to +0.36 C), from 40 stations.

The daily maximum rose faster, by 0.03 C per decade more than the daily minimum; the two intervals overlap, so the data do not separate them.

The day-night range (daily maximum minus daily minimum) changed by +0.03 C per decade (95 percent interval -0.01 to +0.07 C), an interval that includes zero.

Trends per decade

Trends in the daily maximum, the daily minimum and the day-night range, France
Measure	Trend per decade (C)	95% interval (C)	Years	Stations
Daily maximum	+0.33	+0.25 to +0.41	1951 to 2025	40
Daily minimum	+0.30	+0.24 to +0.36	1951 to 2025	40
Day-night range (maximum minus minimum)	+0.03	-0.01 to +0.07	1951 to 2025	40

The day-night range is the daily maximum minus the daily minimum, so a falling range means the minimum rose by more than the maximum. Intervals allow for year to year persistence in the series.

Hot Days, Warm Nights and Frost Days by Decade: France

Up to 34 stations per measure, fixed sets

In France, the mean number of days with a daily maximum at or above 30 C (86 F) per year at 34 stations rose from 8.6 to 20.5 between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 28.3.
In France, the mean number of days with a daily maximum at or above 35 C (95 F) per year at 34 stations rose from 0.4 to 2.4 between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 4.8.
In France, the mean number of days with a daily maximum at or above 40 C (104 F) per year at 34 stations rose from 0.0 to 0.1 between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 0.1.
In France, the mean number of warm nights, with a daily minimum at or above 20 C (68 F) per year at 34 stations rose from 2.4 to 9.3 between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 13.4.
In France, the mean number of frost days, with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F) per year at 34 stations fell from 42.7 to 29.8 between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 24.5.
In France, the mean number of ice days, with a daily maximum at or below 0 C (32 F) per year at 34 stations fell from 5.5 to 2.3 between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 0.9.

Days at or above 30 C

Mean days with a daily maximum at or above 30 C (86 F) per year, by decade (1960s to 2020s), France. The same 34 stations are in every decade: each has complete years in every decade from the 1960s, so a change in the station mix cannot move the bars. The 2020s are not over: 6 years so far.

Days at or above 35 C

Mean days with a daily maximum at or above 35 C (95 F) per year, by decade (1960s to 2020s), France. The same 34 stations are in every decade: each has complete years in every decade from the 1960s, so a change in the station mix cannot move the bars. The 2020s are not over: 6 years so far.

Days at or above 40 C

Mean days with a daily maximum at or above 40 C (104 F) per year, by decade (1960s to 2020s), France. The same 34 stations are in every decade: each has complete years in every decade from the 1960s, so a change in the station mix cannot move the bars. The 2020s are not over: 6 years so far.

Tropical nights (min at or above 20 C)

Mean warm nights, with a daily minimum at or above 20 C (68 F) per year, by decade (1960s to 2020s), France. The same 34 stations are in every decade: each has complete years in every decade from the 1960s, so a change in the station mix cannot move the bars. The 2020s are not over: 6 years so far.

Frost days (min at or below 0 C)

Mean frost days, with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F) per year, by decade (1960s to 2020s), France. The same 34 stations are in every decade: each has complete years in every decade from the 1960s, so a change in the station mix cannot move the bars. The 2020s are not over: 6 years so far.

Ice days (max at or below 0 C)

Mean ice days, with a daily maximum at or below 0 C (32 F) per year, by decade (1960s to 2020s), France. The same 34 stations are in every decade: each has complete years in every decade from the 1960s, so a change in the station mix cannot move the bars. The 2020s are not over: 6 years so far.

Each measure counts days in complete years only. A station is in a measure's set when it has complete years in every decade from the 1960s, so each chart compares the same places over time. A grey bar is a decade that is not over.

Heavy Rain and Dry Spells by Decade: France

42 stations in the annual rain series

In France, annual rain at 42 stations is shown as a percent difference from each station's own 1961-1990 mean, for 75 years from 1951 to 2025.
The trend in annual rain is +0.1 percent per decade (95 percent interval -1.1 to +1.4), fitted to 75 years from 1951 to 2025. The interval includes zero, so the series does not separate a trend from year to year variation.
In France, the share of a year's rain that fell in its wettest five days rose from 10.3 to 11.0 percent between the 1960s and the 2020s at 37 stations.
In France, the mean number of days with 25 mm (1.0 in) or more of rain per year fell from 4.24 to 3.67 between the 1960s and the 2020s.
In France, the mean number of days with 50 mm (2.0 in) or more of rain per year fell from 0.80 to 0.55 between the 1960s and the 2020s.
In France, the mean number of days with 100 mm (3.9 in) or more of rain per year fell from 0.13 to 0.08 between the 1960s and the 2020s.
In France, the mean longest dry spell of the year, in days with less than 1 mm of rain in a row, rose from 25.9 to 29.4 days between the 1960s and the 2020s, over the same 37 stations in every decade.

Annual rain against the 1961-1990 mean

Annual rain in France as a percent difference from each station's own 1961-1990 mean, for 42 stations with a long record, 1951 to 2025. Stations are averaged in 5 degree grid cells and the cells are weighted by the cosine of latitude.

Annual rain as a percent difference from the 1961-1990 mean, France
Year	Annual rain, percent difference from the mean
1951	21.5%
1952	2.4%
1953	-22.8%
1954	-8.5%
1955	-7.4%
1956	-8.6%
1957	-10.8%
1958	8.4%
1959	0.5%
1960	24.4%
1961	-9.1%
1962	-12.7%
1963	1.1%
1964	-9.8%
1965	12.9%
1966	13.9%
1967	-16.7%
1968	7.9%
1969	1.5%
1970	-7.7%
1971	-7.0%
1972	4.4%
1973	-13.8%
1974	7.7%
1975	-1.1%
1976	-5.9%
1977	14.9%
1978	1.8%
1979	19.1%
1980	1.1%
1981	12.0%
1982	9.7%
1983	-4.2%
1984	11.6%
1985	-16.4%
1986	6.4%
1987	3.8%
1988	2.0%
1989	-23.3%
1990	-7.6%
1991	-11.5%
1992	9.4%
1993	7.1%
1994	14.3%
1995	3.2%
1996	1.7%
1997	-8.6%
1998	-1.5%
1999	21.0%
2000	20.2%
2001	5.7%
2002	16.1%
2003	-14.5%
2004	-6.9%
2005	-14.1%
2006	-2.0%
2007	-5.0%
2008	15.1%
2009	-0.6%
2010	4.4%
2011	-12.0%
2012	5.9%
2013	9.4%
2014	17.4%
2015	-12.3%
2016	-2.2%
2017	-13.3%
2018	7.6%
2019	2.0%
2020	-1.4%
2021	-0.7%
2022	-20.7%
2023	-0.6%
2024	13.6%
2025	-2.7%

Share of the year's rain in its wettest five days

Mean share of a year's rain that fell in its wettest five days, by decade, France, 1960s to 2020s, for 37 stations that report complete years in every decade.

Days with 25 mm or more rain

Mean number of days with 25 mm (1.0 in) or more of rain per year, by decade, France, 1960s to 2020s, for a fixed set of stations that report complete years in every decade.

Days with 50 mm or more rain

Mean number of days with 50 mm (2.0 in) or more of rain per year, by decade, France, 1960s to 2020s, for a fixed set of stations that report complete years in every decade.

Days with 100 mm or more rain

Mean number of days with 100 mm (3.9 in) or more of rain per year, by decade, France, 1960s to 2020s, for a fixed set of stations that report complete years in every decade.

Longest dry spell of the year

Mean length in days of the longest run of days with less than 1 mm of rain in a year, by decade, France, 1960s to 2020s, over the same 37 stations in every decade.

The annual rain series uses stations with at least 50 complete years since 1951 and a 1961-1990 baseline. The decade charts use fixed sets of stations, the same in every decade from the 1960s. A dry day has less than 1 mm (0.04 in) of rain.

The New Normal

France, 1961-1990 against 2011-2025

Change in annual mean temperature from 1961-1990 to 2011-2025 at 38 stations in France, one dot per station (the stations with the most complete years, at most one per half degree cell). The scope figures use 38 stations with at least 20 complete years in 1961-1990 and in 1991-2020 and at least 8 in 2011-2025. Made with Natural Earth.

Change in annual mean temperature from 1961-1990 to 2011-2025, France
Station	Change in mean temperature
Lyon - St Exupery	+2.3 C (+4.2 F)
Strasbourg-Entzheim	+2.2 C (+3.9 F)
Bordeaux-Merignac	+2.1 C (+3.7 F)
Lille-Lesquin	+2.1 C (+3.7 F)
Nancy-Ochey	+2.1 C (+3.7 F)
Toulouse-Blagnac	+2.0 C (+3.6 F)
Clermont-Ferrand	+2.0 C (+3.6 F)
Montelimar	+1.9 C (+3.4 F)
Bourges	+1.9 C (+3.4 F)
Montpellier-Aeroport	+1.9 C (+3.3 F)
Embrun	+1.9 C (+3.3 F)
Orly	+1.9 C (+3.3 F)
Abbeville	+1.8 C (+3.3 F)
Tours	+1.8 C (+3.3 F)
Cap Cepet	+1.8 C (+3.3 F)
Ajaccio	+1.8 C (+3.3 F)
Basel-Mulhouse	+1.8 C (+3.2 F)
Millau	+1.8 C (+3.2 F)
Rouen - Boos	+1.7 C (+3.1 F)
Gourdon	+1.7 C (+3.1 F)
Poitiers - Biard	+1.7 C (+3.0 F)
Marseilles-Marignane	+1.7 C (+3.0 F)
Nice	+1.7 C (+3.0 F)
Mont-de-Marsan	+1.6 C (+2.9 F)
Dijon-Longvic	+1.6 C (+2.9 F)
Tarbes - Ossun	+1.6 C (+2.8 F)
Perpignan	+1.5 C (+2.8 F)
Belle Ile - le Talut	+1.5 C (+2.7 F)
Ploumanac'h	+1.4 C (+2.6 F)
Alencon-Valframbert	+1.4 C (+2.5 F)
Nantes-Bouguenais	+1.4 C (+2.5 F)
Rennes-St Jacques	+1.4 C (+2.5 F)
Caen-Carpiquet	+1.4 C (+2.5 F)
Pte de Chassiron	+1.4 C (+2.5 F)
St-Girons	+1.4 C (+2.5 F)
Bastia	+1.3 C (+2.4 F)
Brest-Guipavas	+1.2 C (+2.2 F)
Pte de la Hague	+1.2 C (+2.1 F)

Across 38 stations in France with long records, the mean annual temperature was 11.6 C (53.0 F) in 1961-1990, 12.7 C (54.9 F) in 1991-2020 and 13.4 C (56.1 F) in 2011-2025, a change of +1.7 C (+3.1 F) from the first period to the latest.

Mean annual rain, from years with at least 329 days of rain data, was 745.2 mm (29.3 in) in 1961-1990, 762.1 mm (30.0 in) in 1991-2020 and 744.2 mm (29.3 in) in 2011-2025, a change of -0.1% from the first period to the latest.

Of the 38 stations on the map, 38 were warmer in 2011-2025 than in 1961-1990.

12 of the 38 stations on the map with a rain figure had more rain and 25 had less.

Three periods

Mean temperature and annual rain in three periods, France
Period	Mean temperature	Annual rain
1961-1990	11.6 C (53.0 F)	745.2 mm (29.3 in)
1991-2020	12.7 C (54.9 F)	762.1 mm (30.0 in)
2011-2025	13.4 C (56.1 F)	744.2 mm (29.3 in)
Change, 1991-2020 against 1961-1990	+1.1 C (+2.0 F)	+2.3%
Change, 2011-2025 against 1961-1990	+1.7 C (+3.1 F)	-0.1%

Based on 38 stations with at least 20 complete years in 1961-1990 and in 1991-2020 and at least 8 in 2011-2025. The periods 1991-2020 and 2011-2025 overlap. Scope means are weighted by grid cell, as in the warming series; rain counts years with at least 329 days of rain data.

Longest Hot, Cold, Wet and Dry Streaks: France

7 lists of 10

In France, the longest run of hot days in a row in the data is 13 days, at Montelimar (France), from 2 August 2003 to 14 August 2003.
In France, the longest run of days in a row at or above 40 C in the data is 4 days, at Montelimar (France), from 10 August 2003 to 13 August 2003.
In France, the longest run of frost days in a row in the data is 81 days, at Embrun (France), from 6 December 1952 to 24 February 1953.
In France, the longest run of ice days in a row in the data is 30 days, at Toul Rosiere (France), from 8 January 1963 to 6 February 1963.
In France, the longest run of dry days in a row in the data is 125 days, at Cap Cepet (France), in 2017.
In France, the longest run of wet days in a row in the data is 36 days, at Mont-de-Marsan (France), in 1978.
In France, the longest run of longest run of nights at or above 25 c in the data is 8 days, at Nice (France), from 31 July 2018 to 7 August 2018.

Longest run of days at or above 35 C

Consecutive days with a daily maximum at or above 35 C (95 F).

Longest run of days at or above 35 C, France: the 10 longest runs
Rank	Station	Country	Length	When
1	Montelimar	France	13 days	2 to 14 August 2003
2	Bordeaux-Merignac	France	12 days	2 to 13 August 2003
3	Toulouse-Blagnac	France	12 days	2 to 13 August 2003
4	Mont-de-Marsan	France	12 days	2 to 13 August 2003
5	Gourdon	France	12 days	2 to 13 August 2003
6	Biard	France	12 days	3 to 14 August 2003
7	Perpignan	France	11 days	4 to 14 August 1923
8	Lyon - St Exupery	France	11 days	25 July to 4 August 1947
9	Bourges	France	11 days	3 to 13 August 2003
10	Dijon-Longvic	France	11 days	3 to 13 August 2003

Longest run of days at or above 40 C

Consecutive days with a daily maximum at or above 40 C (104 F).

Longest run of days at or above 40 C, France: the 10 longest runs
Rank	Station	Country	Length	When
1	Montelimar	France	4 days	10 to 13 August 2003
2	Mont-de-Marsan	France	2 days	26 to 27 July 1947
3	Deols Chateauroux Aerodrome de	France	2 days	27 to 28 July 1947
4	Poitiers - Biard	France	2 days	27 to 28 July 1947
5	Toulouse-Blagnac	France	2 days	4 to 5 August 2003
6	Gourdon	France	2 days	4 to 5 August 2003
7	Bourges	France	2 days	24 to 25 July 2019
8	Troyes-Barberey	France	2 days	24 to 25 July 2019
9	Le Bourget	France	1 day	28 to 28 July 1947
10	Nantes-Bouguenais	France	1 day	12 to 12 July 1949

Longest run of frost days (minimum at or below 0 C)

Consecutive days with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F).

Longest run of frost days (minimum at or below 0 C), France: the 10 longest runs
Rank	Station	Country	Length	When
1	Embrun	France	81 days	6 December 1952 to 24 February 1953
2	Toul Rosiere	France	58 days	20 December 1962 to 15 February 1963
3	Strasbourg-Entzheim	France	55 days	31 December 1928 to 23 February 1929
4	Mont-Aigoual	France	50 days	25 January to 15 March 1951
5	Metz-Frescaty	France	45 days	20 January to 5 March 1947
6	Montelimar	France	42 days	23 December 1944 to 2 February 1945
7	Dijon-Longvic	France	40 days	24 January to 4 March 1986
8	Nancy-Ochey	France	40 days	24 January to 4 March 1986
9	Basel-Mulhouse	France	38 days	8 December 1963 to 14 January 1964
10	Le Puy - Loudes	France	36 days	9 February to 15 March 1984

Longest run of ice days (maximum at or below 0 C)

Consecutive days with a daily maximum at or below 0 C (32 F).

Longest run of ice days (maximum at or below 0 C), France: the 10 longest runs
Rank	Station	Country	Length	When
1	Toul Rosiere	France	30 days	8 January to 6 February 1963
2	Mont-Aigoual	France	29 days	5 December 1950 to 2 January 1951
3	Strasbourg-Entzheim	France	25 days	2 to 26 February 1956
4	Metz-Frescaty	France	23 days	2 to 24 February 1956
5	Basel-Mulhouse	France	21 days	7 to 27 February 1956
6	Nancy-Ochey	France	21 days	25 December 1996 to 14 January 1997
7	Dijon-Longvic	France	17 days	23 December 1970 to 8 January 1971
8	Lyon - St Exupery	France	16 days	21 January to 5 February 1963
9	Montelimar	France	15 days	3 to 17 January 1941
10	Bourges	France	14 days	23 December 1970 to 5 January 1971

Longest dry spell (days under 1 mm of rain), within one year

Consecutive days with less than 1 mm (0.04 in) of rain, the longest run within a year. The dates are not kept, so the list gives the year (within the year).

Longest dry spell (days under 1 mm of rain), within one year, France: the 10 longest runs
Rank	Station	Country	Length	When
1	Cap Cepet	France	125 days	within 2017
2	Cap Cepet	France	123 days	within 2017
3	Ajaccio	France	104 days	within 2009
4	Campo Dell Oro	France	104 days	within 2009
5	Marseille Obs. Palais-Lonchamp	France	103 days	within 1928
6	Bastia	France	97 days	within 2022
7	Marseilles-Marignane	France	89 days	within 1989
8	Poretta	France	88 days	within 2012
9	Perpignan	France	81 days	within 1921
10	Nice	France	80 days	within 2009

Longest wet spell (days with 1 mm or more of rain), within one year

Consecutive days with 1 mm (0.04 in) or more of rain, the longest run within a year. The dates are not kept, so the list gives the year (within the year).

Longest wet spell (days with 1 mm or more of rain), within one year, France: the 10 longest runs
Rank	Station	Country	Length	When
1	Mont-de-Marsan	France	36 days	within 1978
2	Saint-Germain-Les-Belles	France	28 days	within 1979
3	Pte de Chassiron	France	28 days	within 1984
4	Brest-Guipavas	France	27 days	within 1986
5	Bordeaux-Merignac	France	26 days	within 2023
6	Mont-Aigoual	France	24 days	within 1953
7	Lezay	France	24 days	within 1977
8	Tours	France	24 days	within 1988
9	Limoges - Bellegarde	France	24 days	within 1988
10	Ploumanac'h	France	24 days	within 1988

Longest run of nights at or above 25 C

Longest run of nights at or above 25 C, France: the 10 longest runs
Rank	Station	Country	Length	When
1	Nice	France	8 days	31 July to 7 August 2018
2	Perpignan	France	5 days	1 to 5 August 2018
3	Cap Cepet	France	4 days	4 to 7 August 2003
4	Marseille Obs. Palais-Lonchamp	France	3 days	26 to 28 July 1983
5	Lyon - St Exupery	France	3 days	24 to 26 July 2019
6	Ajaccio	France	2 days	24 to 25 July 2023
7	Marseilles-Marignane	France	1 day	5 to 5 August 1947
8	Montpellier-Aeroport	France	1 day	10 to 10 August 1994
9	Bastia	France	1 day	24 to 24 July 2003
10	Nancy-Ochey	France	1 day	4 to 4 July 2015

A run belongs to the year it started in, even when it ran on into the next year. A station appears once per list, with its longest run in a complete year. Dry and wet spells are the longest run within a year. Lists use complete years only, so a long run in a year with gaps in the record is not counted.

Biggest One Day Temperature Swings: France

6 lists of 10

In France, the largest reported one day rise in the daily maximum is 17.1 C (30.8 F), at Metz-Frescaty (France) on 31 December 1976.
In France, the largest reported one day drop in the daily maximum is 18.5 C (33.3 F), at Strasbourg-Entzheim (France) on 23 August 1993.
In France, the largest reported one day rise in the daily minimum is 21.1 C (38.0 F), at Strasbourg-Entzheim (France) on 15 January 1968.
In France, the largest reported one day drop in the daily minimum is 19.5 C (35.1 F), at Mont-de-Marsan (France) on 29 July 1947.
In France, the largest reported widest range between the high and the low of one day is 34.0 C (61.2 F), at Toul Rosiere (France) on 13 June 2025.
In France, the smallest reported narrowest range between the high and the low of one day is 0.0 C (0.0 F), at Perpignan (France) on 28 November 1922.

Caveat.Single readings can still be instrument errors that quality control missed. A station with one faulty value can top a list, so read each entry as a reported value, not as a confirmed event.

Biggest one day rise in the daily maximum

The largest increase in the daily maximum temperature from one day to the next. Values are in degrees Celsius with Fahrenheit beside them.

Biggest one day rise in the daily maximum, France
Rank	Station	Country	Value	Date
1	Metz-Frescaty	France	17.1 C (30.8 F)	31 December 1976
2	Clermont-Ferrand	France	17.1 C (30.8 F)	3 January 1989
3	Tarbes - Ossun	France	16.9 C (30.4 F)	17 December 1997
4	Le Puy - Loudes	France	16.8 C (30.2 F)	13 January 1987
5	Strasbourg-Entzheim	France	16.6 C (29.9 F)	24 January 1942
6	Embrun	France	16.3 C (29.3 F)	22 December 1991
7	Abbeville	France	16.0 C (28.8 F)	24 January 1978
8	Ajaccio	France	15.8 C (28.4 F)	20 February 2004
9	Gourdon	France	15.7 C (28.3 F)	3 January 1989
10	St-Girons	France	15.4 C (27.7 F)	17 December 1997

Biggest one day drop in the daily maximum

The largest decrease in the daily maximum temperature from one day to the next. Values are in degrees Celsius with Fahrenheit beside them.

Biggest one day drop in the daily maximum, France
Rank	Station	Country	Value	Date
1	Strasbourg-Entzheim	France	18.5 C (33.3 F)	23 August 1993
2	Le Bourget	France	18.3 C (32.9 F)	22 May 1908
3	St-Girons	France	18.3 C (32.9 F)	6 August 2007
4	Gourdon	France	18.0 C (32.4 F)	17 July 2009
5	Tours	France	18.0 C (32.4 F)	26 July 2019
6	Tarbes - Ossun	France	17.9 C (32.2 F)	21 July 1998
7	Abbeville	France	17.9 C (32.2 F)	26 July 2019
8	Clermont-Ferrand	France	17.7 C (31.9 F)	27 June 2001
9	Poitiers - Biard	France	17.5 C (31.5 F)	26 July 2019
10	Le Puy - Loudes	France	17.4 C (31.3 F)	12 April 2026

Biggest one day rise in the daily minimum

The largest increase in the daily minimum temperature from one day to the next. Values are in degrees Celsius with Fahrenheit beside them.

Biggest one day rise in the daily minimum, France
Rank	Station	Country	Value	Date
1	Strasbourg-Entzheim	France	21.1 C (38.0 F)	15 January 1968
2	Metz-Frescaty	France	21.0 C (37.8 F)	15 January 1968
3	Clermont-Ferrand	France	20.3 C (36.5 F)	20 December 1925
4	Lyon - St Exupery	France	19.8 C (35.6 F)	20 December 1925
5	Le Puy - Loudes	France	19.7 C (35.5 F)	18 January 1985
6	Marseille Obs. Palais-Lonchamp	France	19.0 C (34.2 F)	28 October 1937
7	Dijon-Longvic	France	18.1 C (32.6 F)	20 December 1925
8	Chateauroux	France	17.8 C (32.0 F)	9 February 1953
9	Deols Chateauroux Aerodrome de	France	17.3 C (31.1 F)	18 January 1985
10	Montpellier-Aeroport	France	17.1 C (30.8 F)	7 February 1963

Biggest one day drop in the daily minimum

The largest decrease in the daily minimum temperature from one day to the next. Values are in degrees Celsius with Fahrenheit beside them.

Biggest one day drop in the daily minimum, France
Rank	Station	Country	Value	Date
1	Mont-de-Marsan	France	19.5 C (35.1 F)	29 July 1947
2	Toul Rosiere	France	19.0 C (34.2 F)	13 June 2025
3	Clermont-Ferrand	France	17.1 C (30.8 F)	11 March 1931
4	Le Bourget	France	16.6 C (29.9 F)	31 December 1978
5	Marseille Obs. Palais-Lonchamp	France	15.7 C (28.3 F)	27 October 1937
6	Strasbourg-Entzheim	France	15.5 C (27.9 F)	27 January 1942
7	Deols Chateauroux Aerodrome de	France	15.1 C (27.2 F)	11 December 1966
8	Caen-Carpiquet	France	15.1 C (27.2 F)	8 January 1985
9	Mont-Aigoual	France	15.0 C (27.0 F)	1 January 1979
10	Abbeville	France	14.8 C (26.6 F)	29 July 1933

Widest range between the high and the low of one day

The largest difference between the highest and the lowest temperature of the same day. Values are in degrees Celsius with Fahrenheit beside them.

Widest range between the high and the low of one day, France
Rank	Station	Country	Value	Date
1	Toul Rosiere	France	34.0 C (61.2 F)	13 June 2025
2	Mont-de-Marsan	France	29.7 C (53.5 F)	24 September 1962
3	Marseille Obs. Palais-Lonchamp	France	28.0 C (50.4 F)	7 September 1935
4	Poitiers - Biard	France	27.5 C (49.5 F)	23 June 1935
5	St-Girons	France	27.2 C (49.0 F)	15 August 1949
6	Clermont-Ferrand	France	27.0 C (48.6 F)	17 March 1929
7	Le Puy - Loudes	France	27.0 C (48.6 F)	7 August 2025
8	Montelimar	France	26.7 C (48.1 F)	17 August 1974
9	Bordeaux-Merignac	France	26.6 C (47.9 F)	1 July 1922
10	Strasbourg-Entzheim	France	26.3 C (47.3 F)	18 August 1943

Narrowest range between the high and the low of one day

The smallest difference between the highest and the lowest temperature of the same day. Values are in degrees Celsius with Fahrenheit beside them.

Narrowest range between the high and the low of one day, France
Rank	Station	Country	Value	Date
1	Perpignan	France	0.0 C (0.0 F)	28 November 1922
2	Pte de la Hague	France	0.0 C (0.0 F)	31 August 1924
3	Poitiers - Biard	France	0.0 C (0.0 F)	17 January 1936
4	Toul Rosiere	France	0.0 C (0.0 F)	10 August 1957
5	Clermont-Ferrand	France	0.1 C (0.2 F)	26 November 1923
6	Mont-de-Marsan	France	0.1 C (0.2 F)	22 November 1947
7	Dijon-Longvic	France	0.2 C (0.4 F)	8 April 1923
8	Deols Chateauroux Aerodrome de	France	0.2 C (0.4 F)	13 December 1923
9	Marseille Obs. Palais-Lonchamp	France	0.2 C (0.4 F)	26 December 1929
10	Mont-Aigoual	France	0.2 C (0.4 F)	26 February 1983

Only stations with at least 10 complete years are listed, and a station appears once per list.

Hot and Dry Summers: France

42 stations with a 1961-1990 record

In France, the share of stations with a hot and dry summer is shown for each year from 1921 to 2026, for 42 stations with at least 20 complete summers in 1961-1990. Each year counts the stations of that set with a complete summer in the year.
In France, 8.7% of station summers in 1961-1990 were hot and dry (1,231 station summers).
In France, 21.3% of station summers in 2012-2026 were hot and dry (577 station summers).
In France, 1949 had the highest share: 73.5% of 34 stations (25).

A summer is hot when its mean daily maximum is at or above the station's 80th percentile of its 1961-1990 summers, and dry when its rain is at or below the 20th percentile. A summer is hot and dry when it is both. Summer is June to August north of the equator and December to February south of it, labelled by the year of its first month.

Share of stations with a hot and dry summer

Percent of stations with a complete summer that were both hot and dry, by year, France, 1921 to 2026, out of 42 stations with at least 20 complete summers in 1961-1990. Dashed line: the 1961-1990 level in this data, 8.7% of station summers. The most in one year was 73.5%. Dashed line: 1961-1990 level, 8.7%.

Share of stations with a hot and dry summer by year, France
Summer	Stations with a hot and dry summer
1921	46.2%
1922	0.0%
1923	53.8%
1924	0.0%
1925	6.7%
1926	0.0%
1927	0.0%
1928	40.0%
1929	26.7%
1930	0.0%
1931	0.0%
1932	6.3%
1933	26.7%
1934	6.7%
1935	7.1%
1936	0.0%
1937	35.7%
1938	0.0%
1939	0.0%
1945	47.4%
1946	0.0%
1947	33.3%
1948	0.0%
1949	73.5%
1950	17.1%
1951	0.0%
1952	47.2%
1953	0.0%
1954	0.0%
1955	5.6%
1956	0.0%
1957	0.0%
1958	0.0%
1959	38.9%
1960	0.0%
1961	2.8%
1962	10.8%
1963	0.0%
1964	21.1%
1965	0.0%
1966	0.0%
1967	10.0%
1968	0.0%
1969	0.0%
1970	0.0%
1971	0.0%
1972	0.0%
1973	7.1%
1974	0.0%
1975	9.5%
1976	54.8%
1977	0.0%
1978	0.0%
1979	4.8%
1980	0.0%
1981	0.0%
1982	2.4%
1983	16.7%
1984	4.8%
1985	2.4%
1986	16.7%
1987	0.0%
1988	2.4%
1989	59.5%
1990	33.3%
1991	11.9%
1992	0.0%
1993	7.1%
1994	26.2%
1995	31.0%
1996	21.4%
1997	0.0%
1998	21.4%
1999	11.9%
2000	7.3%
2001	17.5%
2002	2.6%
2003	41.0%
2004	12.8%
2005	41.0%
2006	20.5%
2007	5.1%
2008	10.0%
2009	28.2%
2010	15.4%
2011	0.0%
2012	17.5%
2013	17.9%
2014	0.0%
2015	12.8%
2016	38.5%
2017	28.2%
2018	23.1%
2019	23.1%
2020	10.5%
2021	10.5%
2022	36.8%
2023	5.3%
2024	15.8%
2025	21.6%
2026	59.5%

The ten most extreme station summers

The most extreme hot and dry station summers, France
Rank	Station	Country	Summer	Mean daily maximum vs 1961-1990	Rain, percent of 1961-1990 mean
1	Bastia	France	2026	+4.7 C (+8.5 F)	23%
2	Marseilles-Marignane	France	2003	+5.0 C (+9.0 F)	5%
3	Bastia	France	2003	+4.3 C (+7.7 F)	17%
4	Nice	France	2003	+3.9 C (+7.1 F)	5%
5	Perpignan	France	2022	+4.6 C (+8.2 F)	23%
6	Bastia	France	2022	+4.0 C (+7.1 F)	19%
7	Nice	France	2026	+4.2 C (+7.5 F)	49%
8	Montpellier-Aeroport	France	2026	+4.9 C (+8.8 F)	56%
9	Perpignan	France	2003	+3.9 C (+7.1 F)	32%
10	Cap Cepet	France	2019	+4.1 C (+7.3 F)	6%

Ranked by the temperature z score minus the rain z score against the station's own 1961-1990 mean and standard deviation (at least 0.3 C and 5 mm). A summer is labelled by the year of its first month.

Decade	Mean days per year
1960s	42.7
1970s	39.8
1980s	40.2
1990s	33.5
2000s	34.1
2010s	29.8
2020s (so far, 6 years)	24.5

Decade	Share of annual rain
1960s	10.3%
1970s	10.6%
1980s	10.5%
1990s	11.2%
2000s	10.9%
2010s	11.0%
2020s	11.0%

Decade	Mean days per year
1960s	4.24
1970s	4.25
1980s	3.71
1990s	4.59
2000s	3.85
2010s	4.04
2020s	3.67

Decade	Mean days per year
1960s	0.80
1970s	0.80
1980s	0.56
1990s	0.84
2000s	0.66
2010s	0.76
2020s	0.55

Decade	Mean days per year
1960s	0.13
1970s	0.13
1980s	0.10
1990s	0.12
2000s	0.11
2010s	0.09
2020s	0.08

Decade	Mean longest dry spell, days
1960s	25.9 days
1970s	25.9 days
1980s	27.7 days
1990s	27.5 days
2000s	25.5 days
2010s	26.8 days
2020s	29.4 days

Climate Trends in France