Climate Trends in Romania

• In Romania, the mean number of days with a daily maximum at or above 30 C (86 F) per year at 20 stations rose from 22.0 to 42.9 between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 46.0.
• In Romania, the mean number of days with a daily maximum at or above 35 C (95 F) per year at 20 stations rose from 1.5 to 6.2 between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 9.7.
• In Romania, the mean number of days with a daily maximum at or above 40 C (104 F) per year at 20 stations rose from 0.0 to 0.1 between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 0.2.
• In Romania, the mean number of warm nights, with a daily minimum at or above 20 C (68 F) per year at 23 stations rose from 4.6 to 10.9 between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 13.1.
• In Romania, the mean number of frost days, with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F) per year at 23 stations fell from 112.4 to 97.3 between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 89.4.
• In Romania, the mean number of ice days, with a daily maximum at or below 0 C (32 F) per year at 20 stations fell from 38.8 to 26.5 between the 1960s and the 2010s; the 2020s so far (6 years) average 13.4.

Each measure counts days in complete years only. A station is in a measure's set when it has complete years in every decade from the 1960s, so each chart compares the same places over time. A grey bar is a decade that is not over.

• In Romania, annual rain at 23 stations is shown as a percent difference from each station's own 1961-1990 mean, for 75 years from 1951 to 2025.
• The trend in annual rain is +0.2 percent per decade (95 percent interval -1.8 to +2.1), fitted to 75 years from 1951 to 2025. The interval includes zero, so the series does not separate a trend from year to year variation.
• In Romania, the share of a year's rain that fell in its wettest five days rose from 11.4 to 13.5 percent between the 1960s and the 2020s at 23 stations.
• In Romania, the mean number of days with 25 mm (1.0 in) or more of rain per year rose from 2.86 to 3.01 between the 1960s and the 2020s.
• In Romania, the mean number of days with 50 mm (2.0 in) or more of rain per year rose from 0.26 to 0.36 between the 1960s and the 2020s.
• In Romania, the mean number of days with 100 mm (3.9 in) or more of rain per year fell from 0.01 to 0.00 between the 1960s and the 2020s.
• In Romania, the mean longest dry spell of the year, in days with less than 1 mm of rain in a row, rose from 30.9 to 31.2 days between the 1960s and the 2020s, over the same 23 stations in every decade.

Annual rain against the 1961-1990 mean

The annual rain series uses stations with at least 50 complete years since 1951 and a 1961-1990 baseline. The decade charts use fixed sets of stations, the same in every decade from the 1960s. A dry day has less than 1 mm (0.04 in) of rain.

• In Romania, the longest run of hot days in a row in the data is 15 days, at Drobeta Turnu Severin (Romania), from 8 August 1946 to 22 August 1946.
• In Romania, the longest run of days in a row at or above 40 C in the data is 3 days, at Calarasi (Romania), from 22 July 2007 to 24 July 2007.
• In Romania, the longest run of frost days in a row in the data is 261 days, at Varfu Omul (Romania), from 4 October 1975 to 20 June 1976.
• In Romania, the longest run of ice days in a row in the data is 79 days, at Ceahlau Toaca (Romania), from 29 December 2011 to 16 March 2012.
• In Romania, the longest run of dry days in a row in the data is 93 days, at Sulina (Romania), in 1975.
• In Romania, the longest run of wet days in a row in the data is 18 days, at Varfu Omul (Romania), in 1991.
• In Romania, the longest run of longest run of nights at or above 25 c in the data is 6 days, at Sulina (Romania), from 12 August 2010 to 17 August 2010.

Longest run of days at or above 35 C

Consecutive days with a daily maximum at or above 35 C (95 F).

Longest run of days at or above 40 C

Consecutive days with a daily maximum at or above 40 C (104 F).

Longest run of frost days (minimum at or below 0 C)

Consecutive days with a daily minimum at or below 0 C (32 F).

Longest run of ice days (maximum at or below 0 C)

Consecutive days with a daily maximum at or below 0 C (32 F).

Longest dry spell (days under 1 mm of rain), within one year

Consecutive days with less than 1 mm (0.04 in) of rain, the longest run within a year. The dates are not kept, so the list gives the year (within the year).

Longest wet spell (days with 1 mm or more of rain), within one year

Consecutive days with 1 mm (0.04 in) or more of rain, the longest run within a year. The dates are not kept, so the list gives the year (within the year).

Longest run of nights at or above 25 C

A run belongs to the year it started in, even when it ran on into the next year. A station appears once per list, with its longest run in a complete year. Dry and wet spells are the longest run within a year. Lists use complete years only, so a long run in a year with gaps in the record is not counted.

• In Romania, the largest reported one day rise in the daily maximum is 20.2 C (36.4 F), at Cluj Napoca (Romania) on 18 February 1959.
• In Romania, the largest reported one day drop in the daily maximum is 22.2 C (40.0 F), at Drobeta Turnu Severin (Romania) on 18 May 1912.
• In Romania, the largest reported one day rise in the daily minimum is 28.8 C (51.8 F), at Baia Mare (Romania) on 31 December 1915.
• In Romania, the largest reported one day drop in the daily minimum is 32.5 C (58.5 F), at Varfu Omul (Romania) on 1 December 1957.
• In Romania, the largest reported range between the high and the low of one day is 37.0 C (66.6 F), at Baia Mare (Romania) on 31 May 1931.
• In Romania, the smallest reported range between the high and the low of one day is 0.0 C (0.0 F), at Calarasi (Romania) on 30 November 1901.

Caveat.Single readings can still be instrument errors that quality control missed. A station with one faulty value can top a list, so read each entry as a reported value, not as a confirmed event.

Biggest one day rise in the daily maximum

The largest increase in the daily maximum temperature from one day to the next. Values are in degrees Celsius with Fahrenheit beside them.

Biggest one day drop in the daily maximum

The largest decrease in the daily maximum temperature from one day to the next. Values are in degrees Celsius with Fahrenheit beside them.

Biggest one day rise in the daily minimum

The largest increase in the daily minimum temperature from one day to the next. Values are in degrees Celsius with Fahrenheit beside them.

Biggest one day drop in the daily minimum

The largest decrease in the daily minimum temperature from one day to the next. Values are in degrees Celsius with Fahrenheit beside them.

Widest range between the high and the low of one day

The largest difference between the highest and the lowest temperature of the same day. Values are in degrees Celsius with Fahrenheit beside them.

Narrowest range between the high and the low of one day

The smallest difference between the highest and the lowest temperature of the same day. Values are in degrees Celsius with Fahrenheit beside them.

Only stations with at least 10 complete years are listed, and a station appears once per list.

• In Romania, the share of stations with a hot and dry summer is shown for each year from 1961 to 2025, for 22 stations with at least 20 complete summers in 1961-1990. Each year counts the stations of that set with a complete summer in the year.
• In Romania, 9.4% of station summers in 1961-1990 were hot and dry (657 station summers).
• In Romania, 30.8% of station summers in 2011-2025 were hot and dry (286 station summers).
• In Romania, 2000 had the highest share: 80.0% of 20 stations (16).

A summer is hot when its mean daily maximum is at or above the station's 80th percentile of its 1961-1990 summers, and dry when its rain is at or below the 20th percentile. A summer is hot and dry when it is both. Summer is June to August north of the equator and December to February south of it, labelled by the year of its first month.

Share of stations with a hot and dry summer

The ten most extreme station summers

Ranked by the temperature z score minus the rain z score against the station's own 1961-1990 mean and standard deviation (at least 0.3 C and 5 mm). A summer is labelled by the year of its first month.